Data followed by an * indicates a Significant Difference at the 90 percent level between that data and the data from the most current year. Data followed by a "c" indicates the estimate for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate.
TABLE 3. SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
2003 Estimate
2002 Estimate
2001 Estimate
2000 Estimate
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Population 16 years and over
6,192,467
6,176,325 *
6,127,648 *
6,098,644 *
In labor force
60.75%
62.35% *
60.61%
61.51%
Civilian labor force
60.72%
62.32% *
60.61%
61.47%
Employed
55.21%
55.99%
55.82%
56.83% *
Unemployed
341,200
391,335 *
293,502 *
282,777 *
Percent unemployed
9.1
10.2 *
7.9 *
7.5 *
Armed Forces
0.03%
0.02%
0.01% *
0.04%
Not in labor force
39.25%
37.65% *
39.39%
38.49%
Females 16 years and over
3,314,786
3,312,343
3,295,474 *
3,283,667 *
In labor force
53.02%
54.87% *
52.65%
54.81% *
Civilian labor force
53.02%
54.87% *
52.65%
54.76% *
Employed
48.06%
49.09%
48.39%
49.92% *
Own children under 6 years
623,558
623,989
603,707 *
597,189 *
All parents in family in labor force
51.05%
53.93%
50.58%
52.10%
Own children 6 to 17 years
1,163,603
1,145,606
1,153,754
1,173,028
All parents in family in labor force
59.86%
63.66% *
59.25%
62.63%
Population 16 to 19 years
364,748
365,924
370,371
390,347 *
Not enrolled in school and not a H.S. graduate
8.93%
10.59%
9.47%
9.92%
Unemployed or not in the labor force
7.01%
6.78%
7.80%
6.53%
COMMUTING TO WORK
Workers 16 years and over
3,322,184
3,361,584
3,334,982
3,342,051
Car, truck, or van -- drove alone
25.77%
24.70%
25.49%
24.08% *
Car, truck, or van -- carpooled
6.61%
5.83% *
6.19%
6.35%
Public transportation (including taxicab)
54.61%
55.30%
54.35%
56.22% *
Walked
8.70%
9.65% *
9.41%
9.43%
Other means
1.11%
1.34%
1.35%
1.41%
Worked at home
3.19%
3.18%
3.20%
2.51% *
Mean travel time to work (minutes)
38.3
38.4
38.2
39.0 *
Employed civilian population 16 years and over
3,418,733
3,457,895
3,420,586
3,465,945
OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations
36.38%
35.97%
34.87% *
35.04%
Service occupations
21.24%
20.68%
20.21%
18.70% *
Sales and office occupations
26.06%
25.45%
27.15%
28.02% *
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
0.01%
0.18% *
0.03%
0.11% *
Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations
6.25%
6.98%
6.64%
7.25% *
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
10.05%
10.73%
11.10% *
10.87%
INDUSTRY
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining
0.06%
0.22% *
0.04%
0.07%
Construction
4.48%
4.69%
4.39%
4.90%
Manufacturing
5.97%
6.50%
6.83% *
7.12% *
Wholesale trade
3.20%
3.17%
2.86%
3.18%
Retail trade
8.55%
8.72%
8.91%
9.23%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
6.04%
7.11% *
7.13% *
6.51%
Information
4.19%
4.29%
5.03% *
4.85% *
Finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing
10.92%
10.30%
10.75%
11.39%
Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services
12.36%
11.92%
12.42%
10.90% *
Educational, health, and social services
25.02%
24.78%
22.76% *
21.79% *
Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services
8.59%
8.41%
8.69%
8.84%
Other services (except public administration)
5.83%
5.56%
5.58%
6.00%
Public administration
4.80%
4.33%
4.59%
5.22%
CLASS OF WORKER
Private wage and salary workers
78.25%
78.51%
78.32%
78.78%
Government workers
15.74%
15.77%
15.17%
15.46%
Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business
5.85%
5.59%
6.42%
5.62%
Unpaid family workers
0.16%
0.12%
0.08% *
0.14%
INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2003 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)
Total households
3,017,983
2,983,374 *
2,976,120 *
2,983,940 *
Less than $10,000
13.79%
13.68%
13.49%
13.09%
$10,000 to $14,999
7.04%
7.75% *
7.32%
6.36%
$15,000 to $24,999
12.66%
12.25%
11.82% *
11.00% *
$25,000 to $34,999
11.47%
11.24%
11.70%
11.87%
$35,000 to $49,999
13.81%
14.13%
14.63%
15.39% *
$50,000 to $74,999
16.42%
16.00%
17.07%
16.91%
$75,000 to $99,999
10.04%
9.62%
9.56%
10.47%
$100,000 to $149,999
8.26%
8.86%
8.29%
8.55%
$150,000 to $199,999
2.96%
2.93%
2.87%
2.85%
$200,000 or more
3.54%
3.54%
3.24%
3.50%
Median household income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
39,937
40,103
40,197
42,548 *
Mean household income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
60,221
60,863
59,519
63,239 *
With earnings
77.14%
77.55%
77.17%
77.30%
Mean earnings (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
65,900
66,918
64,713
67,580
With Social Security
23.61%
22.83% *
23.46%
23.80%
Mean Social Security income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
11,997
11,983
12,235
12,018
With retirement income
11.70%
12.60% *
11.55%
12.82% *
Mean retirement income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
17,357
16,465
17,778
17,031
With Supplemental Security Income
6.37%
5.97%
6.58%
6.68%
Mean Supplemental Security Income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
6,498
6,451
7,697 *
6,598
With cash public assistance income
5.09%
5.57%
5.93% *
6.68% *
Mean cash public assistance income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
3,862
3,170 *
4,183
3,702
With Food Stamp benefits in the past 12 months
10.34%
10.82%
11.66% *
11.36% *
Families
1,814,363
1,832,535
1,818,806
1,795,855
Less than $10,000
9.80%
9.58%
10.07%
10.30%
$10,000 to $14,999
6.18%
6.76%
6.31%
5.05% *
$15,000 to $24,999
12.62%
11.89%
11.79%
10.14% *
$25,000 to $34,999
11.86%
12.04%
12.07%
11.68%
$35,000 to $49,999
13.95%
14.51%
15.29% *
14.80%
$50,000 to $74,999
17.30%
16.70%
17.89%
18.44%
$75,000 to $99,999
11.50%
10.90%
10.77%
12.53%
$100,000 to $149,999
9.33%
10.31%
9.27%
10.09%
$150,000 to $199,999
3.39%
3.29%
3.14%
3.27%
$200,000 or more
4.06%
4.03%
3.41% *
3.70%
Median family income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
44,131
44,692
43,691
47,966 *
Mean family income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
66,126
67,502
63,429 *
70,135 *
Per capita income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
24,596
24,438
24,273
25,420
Nonfamily households
1,203,620
1,150,839 *
1,157,314 *
1,188,085
Median nonfamily income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
31,031
30,649
31,324
33,261 *
Mean nonfamily income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
48,954
47,846
50,923
50,194
Median earnings (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars):
