Data followed by an * indicates a Significant Difference at the 90 percent level between that data and the data from the most current year. Data followed by a "c" indicates the estimate for that year and the current year are both controlled; a statistical test is not appropriate.
TABLE 3. SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
2003 Estimate
2002 Estimate
2001 Estimate
2000 Estimate
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Population 16 years and over
6,320,757
6,271,258 *
6,274,165 *
6,122,998 *
In labor force
68.18%
69.21% *
68.62%
68.19%
Civilian labor force
68.10%
69.13% *
68.54%
68.07%
Employed
62.14%
62.52%
63.33% *
64.43% *
Unemployed
377,121
414,532 *
326,708 *
222,955 *
Percent unemployed
8.8
9.6 *
7.6 *
5.3 *
Armed Forces
0.08%
0.07%
0.08%
0.11%
Not in labor force
31.82%
30.79% *
31.38%
31.81%
Females 16 years and over
3,260,922
3,246,953 *
3,254,768
3,176,792 *
In labor force
60.53%
61.46%
60.79%
60.63%
Civilian labor force
60.52%
61.44%
60.75%
60.59%
Employed
55.49%
55.68%
56.16%
57.29% *
Own children under 6 years
720,521
722,711
696,826 *
710,143
All parents in family in labor force
57.73%
56.90%
56.96%
58.98%
Own children 6 to 17 years
1,409,569
1,396,661
1,327,671 *
1,387,807 *
All parents in family in labor force
66.03%
69.34% *
68.28%
67.47%
Population 16 to 19 years
428,080
422,864
443,602 *
412,456 *
Not enrolled in school and not a H.S. graduate
7.29%
8.29%
10.56% *
9.50%
Unemployed or not in the labor force
4.06%
5.06%
5.78% *
4.84%
COMMUTING TO WORK
Workers 16 years and over
3,826,247
3,814,937
3,874,664
3,849,993
Car, truck, or van -- drove alone
71.37%
70.52%
69.99% *
69.41% *
Car, truck, or van -- carpooled
9.92%
10.08%
10.66%
10.30%
Public transportation (including taxicab)
11.89%
12.46%
12.84% *
13.26% *
Walked
2.67%
3.14% *
2.60%
3.18% *
Other means
1.03%
0.97%
1.04%
1.07%
Worked at home
3.12%
2.83%
2.86%
2.77%
Mean travel time to work (minutes)
30.2
30.0
30.5
30.5
Employed civilian population 16 years and over
3,927,584
3,921,082
3,973,465
3,945,196
OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations
35.85%
35.68%
35.84%
35.48%
Service occupations
13.76%
14.10%
14.02%
13.56%
Sales and office occupations
28.52%
28.73%
27.68%
28.55%
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
0.10%
0.09%
0.11%
0.09%
Construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations
8.22%
7.46% *
7.73%
7.37% *
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
13.56%
13.95%
14.62% *
14.95% *
INDUSTRY
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining
0.22%
0.25%
0.22%
0.27%
Construction
6.41%
5.72% *
5.91%
5.35% *
Manufacturing
13.96%
14.77% *
15.07% *
15.81% *
Wholesale trade
4.49%
4.47%
4.42%
4.34%
Retail trade
11.04%
10.76%
10.80%
11.20%
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
5.45%
6.66% *
6.79% *
6.89% *
Information
3.13%
3.04%
3.61% *
3.40%
Finance, insurance, real estate, and rental and leasing
9.22%
9.33%
8.52% *
8.16% *
Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services
11.17%
11.50%
12.07% *
11.60%
Educational, health, and social services
18.80%
17.74% *
17.18% *
17.62% *
Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services
7.43%
7.37%
7.32%
7.08%
Other services (except public administration)
5.17%
4.69%
4.59% *
4.59% *
Public administration
3.51%
3.70%
3.50%
3.69%
CLASS OF WORKER
Private wage and salary workers
83.04%
82.77%
83.80%
83.36%
Government workers
11.90%
12.12%
11.61%
11.73%
Self-employed workers in own not incorporated business
4.87%
4.87%
4.33% *
4.74%
Unpaid family workers
0.19%
0.25%
0.26%
0.18%
INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2003 INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)
Total households
3,001,517
3,005,574
2,978,253 *
2,938,984 *
Less than $10,000
7.43%
7.65%
7.78%
7.10%
$10,000 to $14,999
4.77%
5.08%
4.79%
4.65%
$15,000 to $24,999
9.78%
9.68%
9.21%
9.21%
$25,000 to $34,999
10.12%
9.87%
10.57%
10.07%
$35,000 to $49,999
14.23%
14.93%
14.47%
15.04%
$50,000 to $74,999
20.37%
18.87% *
19.97%
19.13% *
$75,000 to $99,999
12.97%
13.47%
13.19%
13.70%
$100,000 to $149,999
12.06%
12.12%
12.38%
12.80% *
$150,000 to $199,999
4.41%
4.33%
3.86% *
4.18%
$200,000 or more
3.86%
4.00%
3.79%
4.12%
Median household income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
53,462
53,041
53,263
54,448
Mean household income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
70,650
70,720
70,540
73,101 *
With earnings
83.62%
82.82% *
83.29%
83.89%
Mean earnings (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
72,191
72,912
72,091
74,434 *
With Social Security
22.43%
21.97%
22.53%
23.06%
Mean Social Security income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
13,243
13,129
12,918 *
12,848 *
With retirement income
13.25%
13.76%
13.56%
13.69%
Mean retirement income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
18,657
17,355 *
18,206
17,272 *
With Supplemental Security Income
3.10%
3.15%
3.09%
3.24%
Mean Supplemental Security Income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
6,781
6,927
7,014
6,815
With cash public assistance income
1.97%
2.27%
2.38% *
2.58% *
Mean cash public assistance income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
2,582
2,985
2,468
2,830
With Food Stamp benefits in the past 12 months
5.61%
5.06%
5.78%
5.97%
Families
2,025,622
2,008,639
1,987,461 *
1,998,472
Less than $10,000
4.69%
5.03%
4.55%
4.73%
$10,000 to $14,999
3.15%
2.88%
3.05%
3.14%
$15,000 to $24,999
7.93%
7.97%
7.40%
7.28%
$25,000 to $34,999
9.14%
8.57%
9.41%
8.42%
$35,000 to $49,999
13.45%
13.59%
13.28%
14.02%
$50,000 to $74,999
21.03%
19.55% *
20.71%
20.17%
$75,000 to $99,999
14.72%
16.15% *
15.73% *
15.84% *
$100,000 to $149,999
15.12%
15.33%
15.86%
15.75%
$150,000 to $199,999
5.61%
5.77%
4.90% *
5.27%
$200,000 or more
5.17%
5.16%
5.11%
5.37%
Median family income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
63,026
64,259
63,606
65,173 *
Mean family income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
81,550
81,994
82,461
83,887 *
Per capita income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
26,599
26,980
27,218
27,124
Nonfamily households
975,895
996,935
990,792
940,512 *
Median nonfamily income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
34,971
34,399
34,320
35,195
Mean nonfamily income (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars)
45,258
45,643
44,330
46,810
Median earnings (in 2003 inflation-adjusted dollars):
