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Each quarter, trained local ADAM staff obtain voluntary andjanonymous urine specimens and interviews from new samples of booked arrestees. The ADAM sample is based onАarrestees brought into the booking facility and detained in the facilities less than 48 hours. Arrestees released before bookingyare not part of the ADAM sample. At each site, approximately 225 males are sampled each quarter. In all except two sites,xapproximately 100 adult females also are sampled. At 12 sites, juvenile arrestees/detainees also are sampled. Generally,xmore than 90% of the arrestees selected for the sample agree to be interviewed and over 80% of those interviewed provideurine specimens. |Arrestees are not selected for the survey on a random or probability basis. Rather, adult male arrestees are selected at the{discretion of site personnel, who are guided by a target sample size and crime charge priority system. To obtain samples ofyadult male arrestees with a sufficient distribution of serious arrest charges, ADAM interviewers, where possible, place a|priority on felony arrestees and those arrested for offenses other than the sale or possession of drugs. Analyses have shown~that those arrested for drug offenses are more likely than other arrestees to be using drugs; as a result, ADAM statistics are{likely minimum estimates of drug use among the population of those adults arrested for serious offenses. With the exceptionsof Omaha, males charged with driving offenses generally are excluded from the sample due to ADAM's emphasis on more{serious crimes. (In Omaha, all male arrestees brought to the booking facilities are included in the ADAM sample to obtain aysample of sufficient size.) Because they are fewer in number, all adult female arrestees and all juvenile male and femaletarrestees/detainees brought to the booking center during the data collection period are included in the ADAM sample,regardless of charge. rIn nine sites, Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Omaha, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Washington, DC, theucatchment area is the entire city. In Cleveland, Dallas, Ft. Lauderdale, Indianapolis, Manhattan, Miami, New Orleans,{Phoenix, Portland, San Antonio, and San Jose, the catchment area is the entire county or parish. The catchment area for LosyAngeles includes part of the city and part of the county, and in Birmingham and San Diego the catchment area includes the$entire city and part of the county. wTwelve of the ADAM sites collect data from male juvenile arrestees/detainees. Eight of these sites also collect data onyfemale arrestees/detainees; however given the small sample size across a majority of the ADAM female juvenile facilities,|these data are not presented. For juveniles in each of the sites, excluding Washington, DC and St. Louis, the catchment areazencompasses the county. In Washington, DC and St. Louis, only juveniles arrested and detained in the city are included. InHLos Angeles, the catchment area comprises parts of the city and county. }All urine specimens are sent to a central laboratory for analysis. The specimens are analyzed for 10 drugs: cocaine, opiates,imarijuana, phencyclidine (PCP), methadone, benzodiazepines, methaqualone, propoxyphene, barbiturates, andwamphetamines. All positive results for amphetamines are confirmed by gas chromatography to eliminate positives that may~be caused by over-the-counter drugs. For most drugs, the urine test can detect use in the previous 2 to 3 days. Exceptions areLmarijuana and PCP, which sometimes can be detected several weeks after use. wBeginning in 1996, the program adopted marijuana testing cutoff levels in accordance with new U.S. Department of Healthrand Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration guidelines. The new cutoff level, 50ng/ml, is lower than the previous cutoff level thus more individuals using marijuana are identified. Analysis of trends at both}cutoff levels revealed that overall there is a 5 to 7 percentage point increase in positive results at the new level. Cautionfshould be used in comparing marijuana percentages for 1996 and 1997 with results from previous years. Tucson, AZ Seattle, WAY[Percent testing positive. Based on data from the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program]RADAM 2003 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Adult and Juvenile Arrestees, June 2004.1See also . Anchorage, AKBirmingham, ALDes Moines, IA Detroit, MIFort Lauderdale, FL Houston, TX Laredo, TX Miami, FLMinneapolis, MN New York, NY Omaha, NESalt Lake City, UT Spokane, WA St. Louis, MO5Table 317. 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