ࡱ> CB '@\pking0005 Ba==-X/#8X@"1& Courier New1Arial1Arial1Arial1& Courier New1&  Courier New1& Courier New"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)"$"#,##0;\-"$"#,##0"$"#,##0;[Red]\-"$"#,##0"$"#,##0.00;\-"$"#,##0.00#"$"#,##0.00;[Red]\-"$"#,##0.0050_-"$"* #,##0_-;\-"$"* #,##0_-;_-"$"* "-"_-;_-@_-,'_-* #,##0_-;\-* #,##0_-;_-* "-"_-;_-@_-=8_-"$"* #,##0.00_-;\-"$"* #,##0.00_-;_-"$"* "-"??_-;_-@_-4/_-* #,##0.00_-;\-* #,##0.00_-;_-* "-"??_-;_-@_-0.0 0.0%                      $ " #   #            $8 $x #X  \  L  X  0 " $<  <  8@@ $8@ #8@  <@  <@ #<@ $<@  ,@  <@ $x@ #x@  |@  l@  <@ #  ,@  l@ #\     L &<@@ & &|@@ &\  <@@ `)06s0332 BTerms" INTERNET=II  SOURCE==E TITLE;`i_rE[Based on reports alleging child abuse and neglect that were referredHfor investigation by the respective child protective services agency in Heach State. The reporting period may be either calendar or fiscal year. 2The majority of States provided duplicated counts.DAlso, varying number of States reported the various characteristics ;presented below. A substantiated case represents a type of Cinvestigation disposition that determines that there is sufficient 6evidence under State law to conclude that maltreatmentCoccurred or that the child is at risk of maltreatment. An indicatedFcase represents a type of disposition that concludes that there was a ,reason to suspect maltreatment had occurred] 19902002ItemNumberPercentTYPE OF SUBSTANTIATED Victims, total(X)Neglect Physical abuse Sexual abuse+Psychological or emotional abuse or neglectMedical neglect(NA) SEX OF VICTIMMaleFemaleAGE OF VICTIM 1 year and younger2 to 5 years old6 to 9 years old10 to 13 years old14 to 17 years old 18 and overE\1 A child may be a victim of more than one maltreatment. Therefore,2the total for this item adds up to more than 100%.*WHAT IS CHILD MALTREATMENT?mChild abuse and neglect are defined in both Federal and State legislation. The Federal legislation provides alfoundation for States by identifying a minimum set of acts or behaviors that characterize maltreatment. This\legislation also defines what acts are considered physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.)HOW DO WE DEFINE CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT?aThe Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), as amended and reauthorized in October 1996i(Public Law 104-235, Section 111; 42 U.S.C. 5106g), defines child abuse and neglect as, at a minimum, anyrecent act or failure to act:gResulting in imminent risk of serious harm, death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitationiOf a child (a person under the age of 18, unless the child protection law of the State in which the childEresides specifies a younger age for cases not involving sexual abuse)hBy a parent or caretaker (including any employee of a residential facility or any staff person providing=out-of-home care) who is responsible for the child's welfare.CAPTA defines sexual abuse as:iEmployment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of any child to engage in, or assist anymother person to engage in, any sexually explicit conduct or any simulation of such conduct for the purpose of2producing any visual depiction of such conduct; ornrape, and in cases of caretaker or inter-familial relationships, statutory rape, molestation, prostitution, orGother form of sexual exploitation of children, or incest with children.nWith the reauthorization of CAPTA, withholding of medically indicated treatment has been defined as failure tovrespond to an infant's life-threatening conditions by denial of treatment (including appropriate nutrition, hydration,wand medication) that would most likely be effective in ameliorating or correcting all life-threatening conditions. Thistdefinition does not refer to situations where treatment of an infant, in the treating physician's reasonable medicalyjudgment, would prolong dying, be ineffective in ameliorating or correcting all the infant's life-threatening conditions,{or be futile in helping the infant to survive. In addition, this definition does not include situations where the infant is%chronically or irreversibly comatose.uEach State is responsible for providing definitions of child abuse and neglect within the civil and criminal context.sCivil laws, or statutes, describe the circumstances and conditions that obligate mandated reporters to report knownsor suspected cases of abuse, and they provide definitions necessary for juvenile/family courts to take custody of anchild alleged to have been maltreated. Criminal statutes specify the forms of maltreatment that are criminallyppunishable. (The State Statutes Desk at the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information offersqa comprehensive resource summarizing over 30 civil and criminal State statutes pertaining to child maltreatment.)(WHAT ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF MALTREATMENT?sThere are four major types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse.Physical Abuse oPhysical abuse is the infliction of physical injury as a result of punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning,nshaking, or otherwise harming a child. The parent or caretaker may not have intended to hurt the child, ratherJthe injury may have resulted from over-discipline or physical punishment. Child Neglect jChild neglect is characterized by failure to provide for the child's basic needs. Neglect can be physical,`educational, or emotional. Physical neglect includes refusal of or delay in seeking health care,aabandonment, expulsion from the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home, and inadequatehsupervision. Educational neglect includes the allowance of chronic truancy, failure to enroll a child offmandatory school age in school, and failure to attend to a special educational need. Emotional neglectpincludes such actions as marked inattention to the child's needs for affection, refusal of or failure to provideineeded psychological care, spouse abuse in the child's presence, and permission of drug or alcohol use bymthe child. The assessment of child neglect requires consideration of cultural values and standards of care ascwell as recognition that the failure to provide the necessities of life may be related to poverty. Sexual Abuse hSexual abuse includes fondling a child's genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, andfcommercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of pornographic materials. Many expertsibelieve that sexual abuse is the most under-reported form of child maltreatment because of the secrecy orA"conspiracy of silence" that so often characterizes these cases. ;Emotional Abuse (Psychological/Verbal Abuse/Mental Injury) hEmotional abuse includes acts or omissions by the parents or other caregivers that have caused, or couldkcause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders. In some cases of emotional abuse, themacts of parents or other caregivers alone, without any harm evident in the child's behavior or condition, areksufficient to warrant child protective services (CPS) intervention. For example, the parents/caregivers maynuse extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement of a child in a dark closet. Less severe acts,osuch as habitual scapegoating, belittling, or rejecting treatment, are often difficult to prove and, therefore,GCPS may not be able to intervene without evidence of harm to the child.iAlthough any of the forms of child maltreatment may be found separately, they often occur in combination.IEmotional abuse is almost always present when other forms are identified.2003 Victims, total \1 MALTREATMENT SYMBOLSNA Not available.X Not applicable.eSource: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families.FOOTNOTEChild Maltreatment 2003. 2000iTable 332. 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