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2002 Economic Census: |
| Mining | |||||||
| Scope; Reports; Geographic Areas Covered; Dollar Values; Comparability; More Frequent Data; Contacts | Methodology; Reliability; Disclosure | Acknowledgments | |||||
The drill-down tables present data from the 2002 Economic Census Industry Series and Geographic Area Series reports. Those data derived from Industry Series reports (national totals and early state data) are preliminary and subject to change, and will be superseded by data released in the Geographic Area Series and Subject Series.
Prior to the completion of Geographic Area Series reports in mid 2005, data are shown only for those states for which data have been published. Data are added to these tables two to four weeks after their publication in PDF.
Definitions of industry categories and other terms are linked in the column and row headings of the tables.
The Mining sector (sector 21) comprises establishments that extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. The term mining is used in the broad sense to include quarrying, well operations, beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparation customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of mining activity.
The mining sector distinguishes two basic activities: mine operation and mining support activities. Mine operation includes establishments operating mines, quarries, or oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Mining support activities include establishments that perform exploration (except geophysical surveying) and/or other mining services on a contract or fee basis (except mine site preparation and construction of oil/gas pipelines).
Establishments in the mining sector are grouped and classified according to the natural resource mined or to be mined. Industries include establishments that develop the mine site, extract the natural resources, and/or those that beneficiate (i.e., prepare) the mineral mined. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site.
Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities often occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals into more finished manufactured products are classified based on the primary activity of the establishment. A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be classified in Sector 21, Mining. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a more finished manufactured product will be classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.
Exclusions. Hauling and other transportation beyond the mine property and contract hauling (except out of open pits in conjunction with mining).
The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other establishments that serve mining establishments within the same organization. Data for such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS Sector 55, Management of Companies and Enterprises.
The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These “nonemployers,” typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively moderate for this sector, may be examined at www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact.
The reports described below cover all mining establishments with one or more paid employees.
Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.
The following reports provide statistics on this sector:
Industry Series. There are 29 reports, each covering a single NAICS industry (six-digit code). These reports include such statistics as number of establishments, employment, payroll, value added by mining, cost of supplies, value of shipments and receipts for services, capital expenditures, etc. The industry reports also include data for states with 100 employees or more in the industry. The data in industry reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports.
Geographic Area Series. There are 52 separate reports, one for each state, the District of Columbia, and offshore areas. Each state report presents similar statistics at the “all mining” level for each state. The state reports also include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with 100 employees or more in the state.
Subject Series:
Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS, Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.
All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002 dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred.
All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.
Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). There were several revisions to selected industries in the mining sector, for 2002. These changes were due to industries that are now being classified in the construction sector. These changes are:
More detailed information of NAICS changes from 1997 to 2002, may be examined at www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/n02ton97.htm.
In addition, there have been several additional data tables added, which did not exist in 1997. These tables for 2002 include industry-product analysis, e-commerce value of shipments and receipts for services, and leased and nonleased detail employment statistics by subsectors.
All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data.
No direct measurement of these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data, as by the percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors. More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C, Methodology.
In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or company. However, the number of establishments in a specific industry or geographic area is not considered a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld. Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.
The disclosure analysis for “industry statistics” files is based on the total value of shipments and receipts. When the total value of shipments and receipts cannot be shown without disclosing information for individual companies, the complete line is suppressed except for capital expenditures. If capital expenditures alone is a disclosure, only capital expenditures and cost of supplies statistics are suppressed. Nonetheless, the suppressed data are included in higher-level totals.
The County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county, and Statistics of U.S. Businesses provides annual statistics classified by the employment size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas.
Questions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Manufacturing & Construction Division, Information Services Center, 301-763-4673 or ask.census.gov.
The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data:
| A | Standard error of 100 percent or more |
| D | Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals |
| F | Exceeds 100 percent because data include establishments with payroll exceeding revenue |
| N | Not available or not comparable |
| S | Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards |
| X | Not applicable |
| Z | Less than half the unit shown |
| a | 0 to 19 employees |
| b | 20 to 99 employees |
| c | 100 to 249 employees |
| e | 250 to 499 employees |
| f | 500 to 999 employees |
| g | 1,000 to 2,499 employees |
| h | 2,500 to 4,999 employees |
| i | 5,000 to 9,999 employees |
| j | 10,000 to 24,999 employees |
| k | 25,000 to 49,999 employees |
| l | 50,000 to 99,999 employees |
| m | 100,000 employees or more |
| p | 10 to 19 percent estimated |
| q | 20 to 29 percent estimated |
| r | Revised |
| s | Sampling error exceeds 40 percent |
| nsk | Not specified by kind |
| – | Represents zero (page image/print only) |
| (CC) | Consolidated city |
| (IC) | Independent city |