145 Clay, Ceramic, and Refractory Minerals Establishments primarily engaged in mining, milling, or otherwise preparing clays and refractory minerals. Mines operated in conjunction with plants manufacturing cement, brick or other structural clay products, or pottery and related products, are included in this industry when separate reports are available. Establishments primarily engaged in grinding, pulverizing, or otherwise treating clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals not in conjunction with mining or quarrying operations are classified in Manufacturing, industry 3295.