1997 NAICS Definitions
322 Paper Manufacturing

322 Paper Manufacturing

Industries in the Paper Manufacturing subsector make pulp, paper, or converted paper products. The manufacturing of these products is grouped together because they constitute a series of vertically connected processes. More than one is often carried out in a single establishment. There are essentially three activities. The manufacturing of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibers from other impurities in wood or used paper. The manufacturing of paper involves matting these fibers into a sheet. Converted paper products are made from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques and includes coating and laminating activities.

The Paper Manufacturing subsector is subdivided into two industry groups, the first for the manufacturing of pulp and paper and the second for the manufacturing of converted paper products. Paper making is treated as the core activity of the subsector. Therefore, any establishment that makes paper (including paperboard), either alone or in combination with pulp manufacturing or paper converting, is classified as a paper or paperboard mill. Establishments that make pulp without making paper are classified as pulp mills. Pulp mills, paper mills and paperboard mills comprise the first industry group.

Establishments that make products from purchased paper and other materials make up the second industry group, Converted Paper Product Manufacturing. This general activity is then subdivided based, for the most part, on process distinctions. Paperboard container manufacturing uses corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing establishments cut and coat paper and foil. Stationery product manufacturing establishments make a variety of paper products used for writing, filing, and similar applications. Other converted paper product manufacturing includes, in particular, the conversion of sanitary paper stock into such things as tissue paper and disposable diapers.

An important process used in the Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing industry is lamination, often combined with coating. Lamination and coating makes a composite material with improved properties of strength, impermeability, and so on. The laminated materials may be paper, metal foil, or plastics film. While paper is often one of the components, it is not always. Lamination of plastics film to plastics film is classified in the NAICS Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, because establishments that do this often first make the film.

The same situation holds with respect to bags. The manufacturing of bags from plastics only, whether or not laminated, is classified in Subsector 326, Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing, but all other bag manufacturing is classified in this subsector.

Excluded from this subsector are photosensitive papers. These papers are chemically treated and are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing.

3221 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper, or paperboard.

32211 Pulp Mills

322110 Pulp Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp without manufacturing paper or paperboard. The pulp is made by separating the cellulose fibers from the other impurities in wood or other materials, such as used or recycled rags, linters, scrap paper, and straw.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3221102611Deinking plants
3221102611Deinking recovered paper
3221102611Groundwood pulp manufacturing
3221102611Pulp manufacturing (i.e., chemical, mechanical, or semichemical processes) without making paper
3221102611Pulp manufacturing (made from bagasse, linters, rags, straw, wastepaper, or wood) without making
3221102611Pulp mills not making paper or paperboard
3221102611Wood pulp manufacturing

32212 Paper Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may convert the paper they make. The activity of making paper classifies an establishment into this industry regardless of the output.

322121 Paper (except Newsprint) Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paper (except newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper) from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paper they make.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3221212621Absorbent paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Asphalt paper made in paper mills
3221212621Bond paper made in paper mills
3221212621Book paper, coated, made in paper mills
3221212621Bristols paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Building paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Cigarette paper made in paper mills
3221212621Construction paper, school and art, made in paper mills
3221212621Cotton fiber paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Diapers, disposable, made in paper mills
3221212621Facial tissues made in paper mills
3221212621Felts, asphalt, made in paper mills
3221212621Glassine wrapping paper made in paper mills
3221212621Groundwood paper, coated, laminated, or treated in paper mills
3221212621Groundwood paper, coated, made in paper mills
3221212621Kraft paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Looseleaf fillers and paper made in paper mills
3221212621Napkins, table, made in paper mills
3221212621Office paper (e.g., computer printer, photocopy, plain paper) made in paper mills
3221212621Paper (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood) manufacturing
3221212621Paper (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood) products made in paper mills
3221212621Paper (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood), coated, laminated or treated, made in paper mills
3221212621Paper mills (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood paper mills)
3221212621Paper stock for conversion into paper products (e.g., bag and sack stock, envelope stock, tissue
3221212621Paper towels made in paper mills
3221212621Paper, asphalt, made in paper mills
3221212611Pulp and paper (except groundwood, newsprint) combined manufacturing
3221212611Pulp mills producing paper (except groundwood, newsprint)
3221212621Sanitary napkins and tampons made in paper mills
3221212621Sanitary paper products (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood) made in paper mills
3221212621Sanitary paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Sanitary products made in paper mills
3221212621Saturated felts made in paper mills
3221212621Sheathing paper (except newsprint, uncoated groundwood) made in paper mills
3221212621Tablets (e.g., memo, note, writing) made in paper mills
3221212621Tar paper, building and roofing, made in paper mills
3221212621Tissue paper stock manufacturing
3221212621Toilet paper made in paper mills
3221212621Towels, paper, made in paper mills
3221212621Writing paper made in paper mills

322122 Newsprint Mills

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing newsprint and uncoated groundwood paper from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paper they make.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3221222621Groundwood paper products (e.g., publication and printing paper, tablet stock, wallpaper base) m
3221222621Groundwood paper, newsprint, made in paper mills
3221222621Newsprint mills
3221222621Newsprint paper, manufacturing
3221222621Paper mills, newsprint
3221222621Paper mills, uncoated groundwood
3221222621Paper, newsprint and uncoated groundwood, manufacturing
3221222611Pulp and newsprint combined manufacturing
3221222621Pulp mills and groundwood paper, uncoated and untreated, manufacturing
3221222611Pulp mills producing newsprint paper
3221222621Uncoated groundwood paper mills

32213 Paperboard Mills

322130 Paperboard Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing paperboard from pulp. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, the establishments may also convert the paperboard they make.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3221302631Binder's board manufacturing
3221302631Bristols board stock manufacturing
3221302631Cardboard stock manufacturing
3221302631Chipboard (i.e., paperboard) stock manufacturing
3221302631Coated board made in paperboard mills
3221302631Container board stock manufacturing
3221302631Folding boxboard stock manufacturing
3221302631Kraft liner board manufacturing
3221302631Leatherboard (i.e., paperboard based) made in paperboard mills
3221302631Milk carton board made in paperboard mills
3221302631Paperboard (e.g., can/drum stock, container board, corrugating medium, folding carton stock, lin
3221302631Paperboard coating, laminating, or treating in paperboard mills
3221302631Paperboard mills
3221302631Paperboard products (e.g., containers) made in paperboard mills
3221302631Pulp and paperboard combined manufacturing
3221302611Pulp mills producing paperboard
3221302631Setup boxboard stock manufacturing
3221302631Wet machine board mills

3222 Converted Paper Product Manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard without manufacturing paper or paperboard.

32221 Paperboard Container Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into containers without manufacturing paperboard. These establishments use corrugating, cutting, and shaping machinery to form paperboard into containers. Products made by these establishments include boxes; corrugated sheets, pads, and pallets; paper dishes; and fiber drums and reels.

322211 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Box Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating purchased paper or paperboard into corrugated or solid fiber boxes and related products, such as pads, partitions, pallets, and corrugated paper without manufacturing paperboard. These boxes are generally used for shipping.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222112653Boxes, corrugated and solid fiber, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112653Boxes, shipping, laminated paper and paperboard, made from purchased paperboard
3222112653Corrugated and solid fiber boxes made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112653Corrugated and solid fiberboard pads made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112679Corrugated paper made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112653Pads, corrugated and solid fiberboard, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112653Pallets, corrugated and solid fiber, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112679Paper, corrugated, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112653Partitions, corrugated and solid fiber, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222112679Shipping containers made from purchased paperboard
3222112653Shipping containers, corrugated, made from purchased paper or paperboard

322212 Folding Paperboard Box Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard (except corrugated) into folding paperboard boxes without manufacturing paper and paperboard.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222122657Boxes, folding (except corrugated), made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Cartons, folding (except milk), made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Folding boxes (except corrugated) made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Folding paper and paperboard containers (except corrugated) made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Food containers, sanitary, folding, made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Sanitary food container, folding, made from purchased paperboard
3222122657Shoe boxes, folding, made from purchased paperboard

322213 Setup Paperboard Box Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into setup paperboard boxes (i.e., rigid-sided boxes not shipped flat) without manufacturing paperboard.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222132652Boxes, setup (i.e., not shipped flat), made from purchased paperboard
3222132652Setup (i.e., not shipped flat) boxes made from purchased paperboard
3222132652Shoe boxes, setup, made from purchased paperboard

322214 Fiber Can, Tube, Drum, and Similar Products Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paperboard into fiber cans, tubes, drums, and similar products without manufacturing paperboard.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222142655Bobbins, fiber, made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Composite cans (i.e., foil-fiber and other combinations) manufacturing
3222142655Cones (e.g., winding yarn, string, ribbon, cloth), fiber, made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Cores (i.e., all-fiber, nonfiber ends of any material), fiber, made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Fiber cans and drums (i.e., all-fiber, nonfiber ends of any material) made from purchased paperb
3222142655Fiber drums made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Fiber spools, reels, blocks made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Fiber tubes made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Mailing cases and tubes, paper fiber (i.e., all-fiber, nonfiber ends of any material), made from
3222142655Vulcanized fiber products made from purchased paperboard
3222142655Wastebaskets, fiber made from purchased paperboard

322215 Nonfolding Sanitary Food Container Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting sanitary foodboard into food containers (except folding).

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222152656Boxes, sanitary food (except folding), made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Cartons, milk, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Food containers, sanitary (except folding), made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Paper cups made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Paper dishes (e.g., cups, plates) made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Paper plates made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222152656Sanitary food containers (except folding) made from purchased paper or paperboard

32222 Paper Bag and Coated and Treated Paper Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting and coating paper and paperboard; (2) cutting and laminating paper and paperboard and other flexible materials (except plastics film to plastics film); (3) manufacturing bags or multiwall bags or sacks of paper, metal foil, coated paper, or laminates or coated combinations of paper and foil with plastics film; (4) manufacturing laminated aluminum and other converted metal foils from purchased foils; and (5) surface coating paper or paperboard.

322221 Coated and Laminated Packaging Paper and Plastics Film Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing one or more of the following activities associated with the manufacturing of packaging materials: (1) cutting and coating paper; and (2) cutting and laminating paper with other flexible materials (except plastics to plastics or foil to paper laminates). The products made in this industry are made from purchased sheet materials and may be printed in the same establishment.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222212671Coating purchased papers for packaging applications
3222212671Flexible packaging sheet materials (except foil-paper laminates) made by coating or laminating p
3222212671Laminating purchased papers for packaging applications
3222212671Waxed paper for packaging applications made from purchased paper

322222 Coated and Laminated Paper Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing one or more of the following activities associated with making products designed for purposes other than packaging: (1) cutting and coating paper; (2) cutting and laminating paper and other flexible materials (except plastics film to plastics film); and (3) manufacturing converted aluminum and other metal foils for nonpackaging uses from purchased foils. The products made in this industry are made from purchased sheet materials and may be printed in the same establishment.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222222672Adhesive tape (except medical) made from purchased materials
3222222672Book paper made by coating purchased paper
3222222672Book paper, coated, made from purchased paper
3222222672Coating purchased papers for nonpackaging applications (except photosensitive paper)
322222M Duct tape made from purchased materials
3222223497Gift wrap, laminated foil, made from purchased foil
3222222679Gift wrap, laminated, made from purchased paper
3222222672Groundwood paper, coated, made from purchased paper
3222222672Gummed paper products (e.g., labels, sheets, tapes) made from purchased paper
3222222672Laminating purchased foil sheets for nonpackaging applications
3222222672Laminating purchased papers for nonpackaging applications
3222222672Masking tape made from purchased paper
3222222672Pressure sensitive paper and tape (except medical) made from purchased materials
3222222672Tapes (e.g., cellophane, masking, pressure sensitive), gummed, made from purchased paper or othe
3222222679Wallpaper made from purchased papers or other materials
3222222672Waxed paper for nonpackaging applications made from purchased paper

322223 Plastics, Foil, and Coated Paper Bag Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing bags of coated paper, of metal foil, or of laminated or coated combinations of plastics, foil, and paper, whether or not printed.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222232673Bags (except plastics only) made by laminating or coating combinations of purchased plastics, fo
3222232673Bags, coated paper, made from purchased paper
3222232673Bags, foil, made from purchased foil
3222232673Foil bags made from purchased foil
3222232673Paper bags, coated, made from purchased paper

322224 Uncoated Paper and Multiwall Bag Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing uncoated paper bags or multiwall bags and sacks.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222242674Bags, multiwall, made from purchased uncoated paper
3222242674Bags, paper, uncoated, made from purchased paper
3222242674Bags, uncoated paper, made from purchased paper
3222242674Grocers' bags and sacks made from purchased uncoated paper
3222242674Paper bags, uncoated, made from purchased paper
3222242674Sacks, multiwall, made from purchased uncoated paper

322225 Laminated Aluminum Foil Manufacturing for Flexible Packaging Uses

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating aluminum and other metal foil into products with flexible packaging uses or gift wrap and other packaging wrap applications.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222253497Flexible packaging sheet materials made by laminating purchased foil
3222253497Foil sheet, laminating purchased foil sheets for packaging applications
3222253497Laminating foil for flexible packaging applications

322226 Surface-Coated Paperboard Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in laminating, lining, or surface coating purchased paperboard to make other paperboard products.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222262675Cardboard, laminated or surface coated, made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Chipboard, laminated or surface coated, made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Coated board made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Laminating purchased paperboard
3222262675Leatherboard (i.e., paperboard based) made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Milk carton board stock made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Paperboard, pasted, lined, laminated, or surface coated, made from purchased paperboard
3222262675Surface coating purchased paperboard

32223 Stationery Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products used for writing, filing, art work, and similar applications.

322231 Die-Cut Paper and Paperboard Office Supplies Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper rollstock or paperboard into die-cut paper or paperboard office supplies. For the purpose of this industry, office supplies are defined as office products, such as filing folders, index cards, rolls for adding machines, file separators and dividers, tabulating cards, and other paper and paperboard office supplies.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222312675Cards, die-cut office supply (e.g., index, library, time recording), made from purchased paper o
3222312675Computer paper, single layered continuous, die-cut, made from purchased paper
3222312675Die-cut paper products for office use made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312675File folders (e.g., accordion, expanding, hanging, manila) made from purchased paper and paperbo
3222312675Letters, die-cut, made from purchased cardboard
3222312675Manila folders, die-cut, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312675Office supplies, die-cut paper, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312675Paper products, die-cut office supply, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312675Pocket folders made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312675Report covers made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222312679Tapes (e.g., adding machine, calculator, cash register) made from purchased paper

322232 Envelope Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing envelopes for mailing or stationery of any material including combinations.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222322677Envelopes (i.e., mailing, stationery) made from any material
3222322677Padded envelopes manufacturing
3222322677Seed packets made from purchased paper

322233 Stationery, Tablet, and Related Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper and paperboard into products used for writing and similar applications (e.g., looseleaf fillers, notebooks, pads, stationery, tablets).

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222332678Bond paper made from purchased paper
3222332678Construction paper, school and art, made from purchased paper
3222332678Looseleaf fillers and paper made from purchased paper
3222332678Notebooks (including mechanically bound by wire, or plastics) made from purchased paper
3222332678Office paper (e.g., computer printer, photocopy, plain paper), cut sheet, made from purchased pa
3222332678Pads, desk, made from purchased paper
3222332678Stationery made from purchased paper
3222332678Tablets (e.g., memo, note, writing) made from purchased paper
3222332678Writing paper and envelopes, boxed sets, made from purchased paper
3222332678Writing paper, cut sheet, made from purchased paper

32229 Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) converting paper and paperboard into products (except containers, bags, coated and treated paper and paperboard, and stationery products), or (2) converting pulp into pulp products, such as disposable diapers, or molded pulp egg cartons, food trays, and dishes. Processes used include laminating or lining purchased paper or paperboard.

322291 Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting purchased sanitary paper stock or wadding into sanitary paper products, such as facial tissues and handkerchiefs, table napkins, toilet paper, towels, disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and tampons.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222912676Diapers, disposable, made from purchased paper or textile fiber
3222912676Facial tissues made from purchased paper
3222912676Handkerchiefs, paper, made from purchased paper
3222912676Napkins, table, made from purchased paper
3222913842Pads, incontinent and bed, manufacturing
3222912676Paper napkins and tablecloths made from purchased paper
3222912676Paper towels made from purchased paper
3222912676Sanitary napkins and tampons made from purchased paper or textile fiber
3222912676Sanitary products made from purchased sanitary paper stock
3222912676Tablecloths, paper, made from purchased paper
3222912676Toilet paper made from purchased paper
3222912676Towels, paper, made from purchased paper

322299 All Other Converted Paper Product Manufacturing

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard into products (except containers, bags, coated and treated paper, stationery products, and sanitary paper products) or converting pulp into pulp products, such as egg cartons, food trays, and other food containers from molded pulp.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
3222992675Cards, die-cut (except office supply) made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222992679Cartons, egg, molded pulp manufacturing
3222992679Cigarette paper made from purchased paper
3222992679Cigarette paper, book, made from purchased paper
3222992679Coffee filters made from purchased paper
3222992679Confetti made from purchased paper
3222992679Crepe paper made from purchased paper
3222992679Cups, molded pulp, manufacturing
3222992675Die-cut paper products (except for office use) made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222992679Doilies, paper, made from purchased paper
3222992679Filters, paper, made from purchased paper
3222992679Food containers made from molded pulp
3222992679Food trays, molded pulp, manufacturing
3222992679Glassine wrapping paper made from purchased paper
3222992679Hats made from purchased paper
3222992679Insulating batts, fills, or blankets made from purchased paper
3222992679Molded pulp products (e.g., egg cartons, food containers, food trays) manufacturing
3222992679Paper dishes (e.g., cups, plates) made from purchased molded pulp
3222992679Paper novelties made from purchased paper
3222992675Paper products (except office supply), die-cut, made from purchased paper or paperboard
3222992675Photograph folders, mats, and mounts manufacturing
3222992679Plates, molded pulp, manufacturing
3222992679Pulp products, molded, manufacturing
3222992679Trays, food, molded pulp, manufacturing