1997 NAICS Definitions
511 Publishing Industries

511 Publishing Industries

Industries in the Publishing Industries subsector group establishments engaged in the publishing of newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, and books, as well as database and software publishing. In general, these establishments, which are known as publishers, issue copies of works for which they usually possess copyright. Works may be in one or more formats including traditional print form, CD-ROM, or on-line. Publishers may publish works originally created by others for which they have obtained the rights and/or works that they have created in-house. Software publishing is included here because the activity, creation of a copyrighted product and bringing it to market, is equivalent to the creation process for other types of intellectual products.

In NAICS, publishing, the reporting, writing, editing, and other processes that are required to create an edition of a newspaper, is treated as a major economic activity in its own right, rather than as a subsidiary activity to a manufacturing activity, printing. Thus, publishing is classified in the Information sector; whereas, printing remains in the NAICS Manufacturing sector. In part, the NAICS classification reflects the fact that publishing increasingly takes place in establishments that are physically separate from the associated printing establishments. More crucially, the NAICS classification of book and newspaper publishing is intended to portray their roles in a modern economy, in which they do not resemble manufacturing activities.

Music publishers are not included in the Publishing Industries subsector, but are included in the Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries subsector. Reproduction of prepackaged software is treated in NAICS as a manufacturing activity; on-line distribution of software products is in the Information sector, and custom design of software to client specifications is included in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services sector. These distinctions arise because of the different ways that software is created, reproduced, and distributed.

The Information sector does not include products, such as manifold business forms. Information is not the essential component of these items. Establishments producing these items are included in Subsector 323, Printing and Related Support Activities.

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Database Publishers

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing newspapers, magazines, other periodicals, books, databases, and other works, such as calendars, greeting cards, and maps. These works are characterized by the intellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected by copyright. Publishers distribute or arrange for the distribution of these works.

Publishing establishments may create the works in-house, contract for, purchase, or compile works that were originally created by others. These works may be published in one or more formats, such as print and/or electronic form, including on-line. Establishments in this industry may print, reproduce, or offer direct access to the works themselves or may arrange with others to carry out such functions.

Establishments that both print and publish may fill excess capacity with commercial or job printing. However, the publishing activity is still considered to be the primary activity of these establishments.

51111 Newspaper Publishers

511110 Newspaper Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as newspaper publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing newspapers, including gathering news; writing news columns, feature stories, and editorials; and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish newspapers in print or electronic form.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111102711Newspaper branch offices
5111102711Newspaper publishers
5111102711Newspaper publishers and printing combined
5111102711Newspaper publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111102711Publishers, newspaper
5111102711Publishers, newspaper, combined with printing
5111102711Publishing and printing or publishing only, newspaper (i.e., establishments known as publishers)

51112 Periodical Publishers

511120 Periodical Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as magazine or periodical publishers. These establishments carry out the operations necessary for producing and distributing magazines and other periodicals, such as gathering, writing, and editing articles, and selling and preparing advertisements. These establishments may publish magazines and other periodicals in print or electronic form.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111202741Advertising periodical publishers
5111202741Advertising periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202741Advertising periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Agricultural magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Agricultural magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Agricultural magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Comic book publishers
5111202721Comic book publishers and printing combined
5111202721Comic book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Financial magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Financial magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Financial magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Juvenile magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Juvenile magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Juvenile magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Magazine publishers
5111202721Magazine publishers and printing combined
5111202721Magazine publishers, publishing only
5111202721Magazine publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Newsletter publishers
5111202721Newsletter publishers and printing combined
5111202721Newsletter publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Periodical publishers
5111202721Periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Professional magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Professional magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Professional magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Publishers, magazine
5111202721Publishers, magazine, combined with printing
5111202721Publishers, periodical
5111202721Publishers, periodical, combined with printing
5111202721Radio guide publishers
5111202721Radio guide publishers and printing combined
5111202721Radio guide publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Radio schedule publishers
5111202721Radio schedule publishers and printing combined
5111202721Radio schedule publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Religious magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Religious magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Religious magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Scholarly journal publishers
5111202721Scholarly journal publishers and printing combined
5111202721Scholarly journal publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Scholastic magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Scholastic magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Scholastic magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Technical magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Technical magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Technical magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Television guide publishers
5111202721Television guide publishers and printing combined
5111202721Television guide publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Trade journal publishers
5111202721Trade journal publishers and printing combined
5111202721Trade journal publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111202721Trade magazine and periodical publishers
5111202721Trade magazine and periodical publishers and printing combined
5111202721Trade magazine and periodical publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)

51113 Book Publishers

511130 Book Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111302731Almanac publishers
5111302731Almanac publishers and printing combined
5111302731Almanac publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Book publishers (e.g., hardback, paperback, tape)
5111302731Book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Book publishers publishing all formats
5111302731Book publishers, university press
5111302731Book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Dictionary publishers
5111302731Dictionary publishers and printing combined
5111302731Dictionary publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Encyclopedia publishers
5111302731Encyclopedia publishers and printing combined
5111302731Encyclopedia publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Fiction book publishers
5111302731Fiction book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Fiction book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Nonfiction book publishers
5111302731Nonfiction book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Nonfiction book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Pamphlet publishers
5111302731Pamphlet publishers and printing combined
5111302731Pamphlet publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Professional book publishers
5111302731Professional book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Professional book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Publishers, book
5111302731Publishers, book, combined with printing
5111302731Religious book publishers
5111302731Religious book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Religious books publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731School book publishers
5111302731School book publishers and printing combined
5111302731School book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731School textbook publishers
5111302731School textbook publishers and printing combined
5111302731School textbook publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302741Technical manual and paperback book publishers
5111302741Technical manual and paperback book publishers and printing combined
5111302741Technical manual publishers
5111302741Technical manual publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731Travel guide book publishers
5111302731Travel guide book publishers and printing combined
5111302731Travel guide book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111302731University press publishers

51114 Database and Directory Publishers

511140 Database and Directory Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing compilations and collections of information or facts that are logically organized to facilitate their use. These collections may be published in print or electronic form. Electronic versions may be provided directly to customers by the establishment or offered through on-line services or third-party vendors.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111407331Address list compilers
5111407331Address list publishers
5111407331Address list publishers and printing combined
5111407331Address list publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111407331Business directory publishers
5111402741Business directory publishers and printing combined
5111402741Business directory publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111407331Catalog of collections publishers
5111407331Catalog of collections publishers and printing combined
5111402741Catalog of collections publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111407331Compiling mailing lists
5111402741Database and directory publishers
5111402741Database and directory publishers and printing combined
5111402741Database and directory publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111402741Database publishers
5111402741Database publishers and printing combined
5111402741Database publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111402741Directory and database publishers
5111407331Directory compilers
5111402741Directory publishers
5111402741Directory publishers and printing combined
5111402741Directory publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111402741Electronic database publishers
5111402741Electronic database publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111407331Mailing list compiling services
5111402741Mailing list publishers
5111402741Publishers, database
5111402741Publishers, directory
5111402741Shipping register publishers
5111402741Shipping register publishers and printing combined
5111402741Shipping register publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111402741Telephone directory publishers
5111402741Telephone directory publishers and printing combined
5111402741Telephone directory publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)

51119 Other Publishers

This industry comprises establishments known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, database, and music publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or electronic form.

511191 Greeting Card Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing greeting cards.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111912771Greeting card publishers
5111912771Greeting card publishers and printing combined
5111912771Greeting card publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111912771Publishers, greeting card
5111912771Publishers, greeting card, combined with printing
5111912771Publishing, greeting card, (i.e., establishments known as publishers)

511199 All Other Publishers

This U.S. industry comprises establishments generally known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, database, music, and greeting card publishers). These establishment may publish works in print or electronic form.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5111992741Art print publishers
5111992741Art print publishers and printing combined
5111992741Art print publishing (i.e., establishment known as publishers)
5111992741Art publishers
5111992741Art publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Atlas publishers
5111992741Atlas publishers and printing combined
5111992741Atlas publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Calendar publishers
5111992741Calendar publishers and printing combined
5111992741Calendar publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Catalog (i.e., mail order, store merchandise) publishers
5111992741Catalog (i.e., mail order, store merchandise) publishers and printing combined
5111992741Catalog (i.e., mail order, store merchandise) publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishe
5111992741Children's coloring book publishers
5111992741Coloring book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Diary and time scheduler publishers
5111992741Discount coupon book publishers
5111992741Discount coupon book publishers and printing combined
5111992741Discount coupon book publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Globe cover and map publishers
5111992741Globe cover and map publishers and printing combined
5111992741Globe cover and map publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Guide, street map, publishers
5111992741Guide, street map, publishers and printing combined
5111992741Guide, street map, publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Limited editions art print publishers
5111992741Map publishers
5111992741Map publishers and printing combined
5111992741Map publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Pattern and plan (e.g., clothing patterns) publishers
5111992741Pattern and plan (e.g., clothing patterns) publishers and printing combined
5111992741Patterns and plans (e.g., clothing patterns) publishing (i.e., establishments known as publisher
5111992741Postcard publishers
5111992741Postcard publishers and printing combined
5111992741Postcard publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Poster publishers
5111992741Poster publishers and printing combined
5111992741Poster publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Publishers, map
5111992741Publishers, racing form
5111992741Racetrack program publishers
5111992741Racetrack program publishers and printing combined
5111992741Racetrack programs publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Racing form publishers
5111992741Racing form publishers and printing combined
5111992741Racing forms publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5111992741Street map guide publishers
5111992741Yearbook publishers
5111992741Yearbook publishers and printing combined
5111992741Yearbook publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)

5112 Software Publishers

51121 Software Publishers

511210 Software Publishers

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in computer software publishing or publishing and reproduction. Establishments in this industry carry out operations necessary for producing and distributing computer software, such as designing, providing documentation, assisting in installation, and providing support services to software purchasers. These establishments may design, develop, and publish, or publish only.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5112107372Applications software, computer, packaged
5112107372Computer software publishers, packaged
5112107372Computer software publishing and reproduction
5112107372Computer software publishing including design and development, packaged (i.e., establishments kn
5112107372Games, computer software, publishing
5112107372Operating systems software, computer, packaged
5112107372Packaged computer software publishers
5112107372Packaged computer software publishing (i.e., establishments known as publishers)
5112107372Programming language and compiler software publishers, packaged
5112107372Publishers, packaged computer software
5112107372Software computer, packaged, publishers
5112107372Software publishers
5112107372Software publishers, packaged
5112107372Utility software, computer, packaged