1997 NAICS Definitions
541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

Industries in the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector group establishments engaged in processes where human capital is the major input. These establishments make available the knowledge and skills of their employees, often on an assignment basis, where an individual or team is responsible for the delivery of services to the client. The individual industries of this subsector are defined on the basis of the particular expertise and training of the services provider.

The distinguishing feature of the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector is the fact that most of the industries grouped in it have production processes that are almost wholly dependent on worker skills. In most of these industries, equipment and materials are not of major importance, unlike health care, for example, where "high tech" machines and materials are important collaborating inputs to labor skills in the production of health care. Thus, the establishments classified in this subsector sell expertise. Much of the expertise requires degrees, though not in every case.

5411 Legal Services

54111 Offices of Lawyers

541110 Offices of Lawyers

This industry comprises offices of legal practitioners known as lawyers or attorneys (i.e., counselors-at-law) primarily engaged in the practice of law. Establishments in this industry may provide expertise in a range or in specific areas of law, such as criminal law, corporate law, family and estate law, patent law, real estate law, or tax law.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5411108111Attorneys' offices
5411108111Attorneys' private practices
5411108111Barristers' offices
5411108111Barristers' private practices
5411108111Corporate law offices
5411108111Counselors' at law offices
5411108111Counselors' at law private practices
5411108111Criminal law offices
5411108111Estate law offices
5411108111Family law offices
5411108111Law firms
5411108111Law offices
5411108111Law practices
5411108111Lawyers' offices
5411108111Lawyers' private practices
5411108111Legal aid services
5411108111Patent attorneys' offices
5411108111Patent attorneys' private practices
5411108111Real estate law offices
5411108111Solicitors' offices
5411108111Solicitors' private practices
5411108111Tax law attorneys' offices
5411108111Tax law attorneys' private practices

54112 Offices of Notaries

541120 Offices of Notaries

This industry comprises establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in drafting, approving, and executing legal documents, such as real estate transactions, wills, and contracts; and in receiving, indexing, and storing such documents.

54119 Other Legal Services

This industry comprises establishments of legal practitioners (except lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in providing specialized legal or paralegal services.

541191 Title Abstract and Settlement Offices

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of lawyers and attorneys) primarily engaged in one or more of the following activities: (1) researching public land records to gather information relating to real estate titles; (2) preparing documents necessary for the transfer of the title, financing, and settlement; (3) conducting final real estate settlements and closings; and (4) filing legal and other documents relating to the sale of real estate. Real estate settlement offices, title abstract companies, and title search companies are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5411916541Settlement offices, real estate
5411916541Title abstract companies, real estate
5411916541Title companies, real estate
5411916541Title search companies, real estate

541199 All Other Legal Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of legal practitioners (except offices of lawyers and attorneys, settlement offices, and title abstract offices). These establishments are primarily engaged in providing specialized legal or paralegal services.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5411997389Notary public services
5411997389Notary publics' private practices
5411997389Paralegal services
5411997389Patent agent services (i.e., patent filing and searching services)
5411997389Process server services
5411997389Process serving services

5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services

54121 Accounting, Tax Preparation, Bookkeeping, and Payroll Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing services, such as auditing of accounting records, designing accounting systems, preparing financial statements, developing budgets, preparing tax returns, processing payrolls, bookkeeping, and billing.

541211 Offices of Certified Public Accountants

This U.S. industry comprises establishments of accountants that are certified to audit the accounting records of public and private organizations and to attest to compliance with generally accepted accounting practices. Offices of certified public accountants (CPAs) may provide one or more of the following accounting services: (1) auditing financial statements; (2) designing accounting systems; (3) preparing financial statements; (4) developing budgets; and (5) providing advice on matters related to accounting. These establishments may also provide related services, such as bookkeeping, tax return preparation, and payroll processing.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5412118721Accountants' (i.e., CPAs) offices, certified public
5412118721Accountants' (i.e., CPAs) private practices, certified public
5412118721Accounting (i.e., CPAs) services, certified public
5412118721Auditing accountants' (i.e., CPAs) offices
5412118721Auditing accountants' (i.e., CPAs) private practices
5412118721Auditing services (i.e., CPA services), accounts
5412118721Auditors' (i.e., CPAs) offices, accounts
5412118721Auditors' (i.e., CPAs) private practices, accounts
5412118721Certified accountants' offices
5412118721Certified public accountants' (CPAs) offices
5412118721CPAs' (certified public accountants) offices
5412118721Public accountants' (CPAs) offices, certified
5412118721Public accountants' (CPAs) private practices, certified

541213 Tax Preparation Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in providing tax return preparation services without also providing accounting, bookkeeping, billing, or payroll processing services. Basic knowledge of tax law and filing requirements is required.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5412137291Income tax compilation services
5412137291Income tax return preparation services
5412137291Tax return preparation services

541214 Payroll Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in the following without also providing accounting, bookkeeping, or billing services: (1) collecting information on hours worked, pay rates, deductions, and other payroll-related data from their clients and (2) using that information to generate paychecks, payroll reports, and tax filings. These establishments may use data processing and tabulating techniques as part of providing their services.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5412148721Payroll processing services
5412147819Talent payment services

541219 Other Accounting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments (except offices of CPAs) engaged in providing accounting services (except tax return preparation services only or payroll services only). These establishments may also provide tax return preparation or payroll services. Accountant (except CPA) offices, bookkeeper offices, and billing offices are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5412198721Accountants' (except CPAs) offices
5412198721Accountants' (except CPAs) private practices
5412198721Accounting services (except CPAs)
5412198721Billing services
5412198721Bookkeepers' offices
5412198721Bookkeepers' private practices
5412198721Bookkeeping services
5412198721Public accountants' (except CPAs) offices
5412198721Public accountants' (except CPAs) private practices

5413 Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services

54131 Architectural Services

541310 Architectural Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing residential, institutional, leisure, commercial, and industrial buildings and structures by applying knowledge of design, construction procedures, zoning regulations, building codes, and building materials.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413108712Architects' (except landscape) offices
5413108712Architects' (except landscape) private practices
5413108712Architectural (except landscape) consultants' offices
5413108712Architectural (except landscape) design services
5413108712Architectural (except landscape) services
5413108712Building architectural design services

54132 Landscape Architectural Services

541320 Landscape Architectural Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing the development of land areas for projects, such as parks and other recreational areas; airports; highways; hospitals; schools; land subdivisions; and commercial, industrial, and residential areas, by applying knowledge of land characteristics, location of buildings and structures, use of land areas, and design of landscape projects.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413200781Architects' offices, landscape
5413200781Architects' private practices, landscape
5413200781Architectural services, landscape
5413208748City planning services
5413200781Garden planning services
5413208748Golf course design services
5413208748Industrial land use planning services
5413208748Land use design services
5413208748Land use planning services
5413200781Landscape architects' offices
5413200781Landscape architects' private practices
5413200781Landscape architectural services
5413200781Landscape consulting services
5413200781Landscape design services
5413200781Landscape planning services
5413208748Ski area design services
5413208748Ski area planning services
5413208748Town planners' offices
5413208748Town planning services
5413208748Urban planners' offices
5413208748Urban planning services

54133 Engineering Services

541330 Engineering Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in applying physical laws and principles of engineering in the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems. The assignments undertaken by these establishments may involve any of the following activities: provision of advice, preparation of feasibility studies, preparation of preliminary and final plans and designs, provision of technical services during the construction or installation phase, inspection and evaluation of engineering projects, and related services.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413308711Acoustical engineering consulting services
5413308711Acoustical system engineering design services
5413308711Boat engineering design services
5413308711Chemical engineering services
5413308711Civil engineering services
5413308711Combustion engineering consulting services
5413308711Construction engineering services
5413308711Consulting engineers' offices
5413308711Consulting engineers' private practices
5413308711Electrical engineering services
5413308711Engineering consulting services
5413308711Engineering design services
5413308711Engineering services
5413308711Engineers' offices
5413308711Engineers' private practices
5413308711Environmental engineering services
5413308711Erosion control engineering services
5413308711Geological engineering services
5413308711Geophysical engineering services
5413308711Heating engineering consulting services
5413308711Industrial engineering services
5413308711Logging engineering services
5413308711Marine engineering services
5413308711Mechanical engineering services
5413308711Mining engineering services
5413308711Petroleum engineering services
5413308748Traffic engineering consulting services

54134 Drafting Services

541340 Drafting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drawing detailed layouts, plans, and illustrations of buildings, structures, systems, or components from engineering and architectural specifications.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413407389Blueprint drafting services
5413407389Drafting services
5413407389Draftsmen's offices

54135 Building Inspection Services

541350 Building Inspection Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing building inspection services. These establishments typically evaluate all aspects of the building structure and component systems and prepare a report on the physical condition of the property, generally for buyers or others involved in real estate transactions. Building inspection bureaus and establishments providing home inspection services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413507389Building inspection bureaus
5413507389Building inspection services
5413507389Home inspection services
5413507389Inspection bureaus, building
5413507389Inspection services, building or home
5413507389Prepurchase home inspection services

54136 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services

541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in gathering, interpreting, and mapping geophysical data. Establishments in this industry often specialize in locating and measuring the extent of subsurface resources, such as oil, gas, and minerals, but they may also conduct surveys for engineering purposes. Establishments in this industry use a variety of surveying techniques depending on the purpose of the survey, including magnetic surveys, gravity surveys, seismic surveys, or electrical and electromagnetic surveys.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
541360M Aerial geophysical surveying services
541360M Electrical geophysical surveying services
541360M Electromagnetic geophysical surveying services
541360M Geological surveying services
541360M Geophysical mapping services
541360M Geophysical surveying services
541360M Gravity geophysical surveying services
541360M Magnetic geophysical surveying services
541360M Mapping services, geophysical
541360M Radioactive geophysical surveying services
541360M Remote sensing geophysical surveying services
541360M Seismic geophysical surveying services
541360M Surveying services, geophysical

54137 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services

541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing surveying and mapping services of the surface of the earth, including the sea floor. These services may include surveying and mapping of areas above or below the surface of the earth, such as the creation of view easements or segregating rights in parcels of land by creating underground utility easements.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413708713Aerial surveying (except geophysical) services
5413708713Cadastral surveying services
5413708713Cartographic surveying services
5413708713Geodetic surveying services
5413708713Geographic information system (GIS) base mapping services
5413708713Geospatial mapping services
5413708713Hydrographic mapping services
5413708713Hydrographic surveying services
5413708713Land surveying services
5413708713Mapping (except geophysical) services
5413707389Photogrammetric mapping services
5413708713Surveying and mapping services (except geophysical)
5413707389Topographic mapping services
5413707389Topographic surveying services

54138 Testing Laboratories

541380 Testing Laboratories

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing physical, chemical, and other analytical testing services, such as acoustics or vibration testing, assaying, biological testing (except medical and veterinary), calibration testing, electrical and electronic testing, geotechnical testing, mechanical testing, nondestructive testing, or thermal testing. The testing may occur in a laboratory or on-site.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5413808734Acoustics testing laboratories or services
5413808734Assaying services
5413808734Automobile proving and testing grounds
5413808734Biological (except medical, veterinary) testing laboratories or services
5413808734Calibration and certification testing laboratories or services
5413808734Electrical testing laboratories or services
5413808734Electronic testing laboratories or services
5413808734Environmental testing laboratories or services
5413808734Film badge testing (i.e., radiation testing) laboratories or services
5413808734Fire insurance underwriters' laboratories
5413808734Food testing laboratories or services
5413808734Forensic (except medical) laboratories or services
5413808734Geotechnical testing laboratories or services
5413808734Hydrostatic testing laboratories or services
5413808734Industrial testing laboratories or services
5413808734Laboratory testing (except medical, veterinary) services
5413808734Mechanical testing laboratories or services
5413808734Metallurgical testing laboratories or services
5413808734Non-destructive testing laboratories or services
5413808734Pollution testing (except automotive emissions testing) services
5413808734Product testing laboratories or services
5413808734Radiation dosimetry (i.e., radiation testing) laboratories or services
5413808734Radiation testing laboratories or services
5413808734Radiographic testing laboratories or services
5413808734Radiographing welded joints on pipes and fittings
5413808734Radiography inspection services
5413808734Radon testing laboratories or services
5413808734Seed testing laboratories or services
5413808734Soil testing laboratories or services
5413808734Testing laboratories (except medical, veterinary)
5413808734Thermal testing laboratories or services
5413808734Vibration testing laboratories or services
5413808734X-ray inspection services

5414 Specialized Design Services

This industry group comprises establishments providing specialized design services (except architectural, engineering, and computer systems design).

54141 Interior Design Services

541410 Interior Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and administering projects in interior spaces to meet the physical and aesthetic needs of people using them, taking into consideration building codes, health and safety regulations, traffic patterns and floor planning, mechanical and electrical needs, and interior fittings and furniture. Interior designers and interior design consultants work in areas, such as hospitality design, health care design, institutional design, commercial and corporate design, and residential design. This industry also includes interior decorating consultants engaged exclusively in providing aesthetic services associated with interior spaces.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5414107389Decorating consulting services, interior
5414107389Interior decorating consultant services
5414107389Interior decorating consulting services
5414107389Interior design consulting services
5414107389Interior design services
5414107389Interior designer services

54142 Industrial Design Services

541420 Industrial Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating and developing designs and specifications that optimize the use, value, and appearance of their products. These services can include the determination of the materials, construction, mechanisms, shape, color, and surface finishes of the product, taking into consideration human characteristics and needs, safety, market appeal, and efficiency in production, distribution, use, and maintenance. Establishments providing automobile or furniture industrial design services or industrial design consulting services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5414207389Automobile industrial design services
5414207389Furniture design services
5414207389Handtool industrial design services
5414207389Industrial design consulting services
5414207389Industrial design services
5414207389Packaging industrial design services
5414207389Tool industrial design services

54143 Graphic Design Services

541430 Graphic Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning, designing, and managing the production of visual communication in order to convey specific messages or concepts, clarify complex information, or project visual identities. These services can include the design of printed materials, packaging, advertising, signage systems, and corporate identification (logos). This industry also includes commercial artists engaged exclusively in generating drawings and illustrations requiring technical accuracy or interpretative skills.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5414307336Art services, commercial
5414307336Art services, graphic
5414307336Art studios, commercial
5414307336Artists, independent commercial
5414307336Artists, independent graphic
5414308099Artists, independent medical
5414307336Commercial art services
5414307336Commercial artists, independent
5414307336Commercial illustration services
5414307336Commercial illustrators, independent
5414307336Communication design services, visual
5414307336Corporate identification (i.e., logo) design services
5414307336Graphic art and related design services
5414307336Graphic artists, independent
5414307336Graphic design services
5414307336Illustrators, independent commercial
5414308099Medical art services
5414308099Medical artists, independent
5414308099Medical illustration services
5414308099Medical illustrators, independent
5414307336Silk screen design services
5414307336Studios, commercial art

54149 Other Specialized Design Services

541490 Other Specialized Design Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing professional design services (except architectural, landscape architecture, engineering, interior, industrial, graphic, and computer system design).

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5414907389Clothing design services
5414907389Costume design services (except independent theatrical costume designers)
5414907389Fashion design services
5414907389Fashion designer services
5414907389Float design services
5414907389Fur design services
5414907389Jewelry design services
5414907389Shoe design services
5414907389Textile design services

5415 Computer Systems Design and Related Services

54151 Computer Systems Design and Related Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing expertise in the field of information technologies through one or more of the following activities: (1) writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the needs of a particular customer; (2) planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies; (3) on-site management and operation of clients' computer systems and/or data processing facilities; and (4) other professional and technical computer-related advice and services.

541511 Custom Computer Programming Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in writing, modifying, testing, and supporting software to meet the needs of a particular customer.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5415117371Applications software programming services, custom computer
5415117371Computer program or software development, custom
5415117371Computer programming services, custom
5415117371Computer software analysis and design services, custom
5415117371Computer software programming services, custom
5415117371Computer software support services, custom
5415117371Programming services, custom computer
5415117371Software analysis and design services, custom computer
5415117371Software programming services, custom computer
5415117371WEB (i.e., internet) page design services, custom

541512 Computer Systems Design Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in planning and designing computer systems that integrate computer hardware, software, and communication technologies. The hardware and software components of the system may be provided by this establishment or company as part of integrated services or may be provided by third parties or vendors. These establishments often install the system and train and support users of the system.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5415127373CAD (computer-aided design) systems integration design services
5415127373CAE (computer-aided engineering) systems integration design services
5415127373CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) systems integration design services
5415127373Computer systems integration analysis and design services
5415127379Computer systems integration design consulting services
5415127373Computer systems integrator services
5415127373Computer-aided design (CAD) systems integration design services
5415127373Computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems integration design services
5415127373Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems integration design services
5415127373Information management computer systems integration design services
5415127373Local area network (LAN) computer systems integration design services
5415127373Network systems integration design services, computer
5415127373Office automation computer systems integration design services
5415127373Systems integration design consulting services, computer
5415127373Systems integration design services, computer

541513 Computer Facilities Management Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing on-site management and operation of clients' computer systems and/or data processing facilities. Establishments providing computer systems or data processing facilities support services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5415137376Computer systems facilities (i.e., clients' facilities) management and operation services
5415137376Data processing facilities (i.e., clients' facilities) management and operation services
5415137376Facilities (i.e., clients' facilities) management and operation services, computer systems or da
5415137376Facilities (i.e., clients' facilities) support services, computer systems or data processing

541519 Other Computer Related Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing computer related services (except custom programming, systems integration design, and facilities management services). Establishments providing computer disaster recovery services or software installation services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5415197379Computer disaster recovery services
5415197379Software installation services, computer

5416 Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services

54161 Management Consulting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on management issues, such as strategic and organizational planning; financial planning and budgeting; marketing objectives and policies; human resource policies, practices, and planning; production scheduling; and control planning.

541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on administrative management issues, such as financial planning and budgeting, equity and asset management, records management, office planning, strategic and organizational planning, site selection, new business startup, and business process improvement. This industry also includes establishments of general management consultants that provide a full range of administrative; human resource; marketing; process, physical distribution, and logistics; or other management consulting services to clients.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416118742Administrative management consulting services
5416118742Business management consulting services
5416118742Business start-up consulting services
5416118742Financial management consulting (except investment advice) services
5416118742General management consulting services
5416118742Records management consulting services
5416118742Reorganizational consulting services
5416118742Site location consulting services
5416118742Site selection consulting services
5416118742Strategic planning consulting services

541612 Human Resources and Executive Search Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations in one or more of the following areas: (1) human resource and personnel policies, practices, and procedures; (2) employee benefits planning, communication, and administration; (3) compensation systems planning; (4) wage and salary administration; and (5) executive search and recruitment.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416128999Actuarial consulting services
5416128742Benefit consulting services
5416128742Compensation consulting services
5416128742Compensation planning services
5416128742Employee assessment consulting services
5416128742Employee benefit consulting services
5416128742Employee compensation consulting services
5416127361Executive placement consulting services
5416127361Executive search consulting services
5416128742Human resource consulting services
5416128742Labor relations consulting services
5416128742Organization development consulting services
5416128742Personnel management consulting services

541613 Marketing Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on marketing issues, such as developing marketing objectives and policies, sales forecasting, new product developing and pricing, licensing and franchise planning, and marketing planning and strategy.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416138742Customer service management consulting services
5416138742Marketing consulting services
5416138742Marketing management consulting services
5416138742New product development consulting services
5416138742Sales management consulting services

541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing operating advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations in areas, such as: (1) manufacturing operations improvement; (2) productivity improvement; (3) production planning and control; (4) quality assurance and quality control; (5) inventory management; (6) distribution networks; (7) warehouse use, operations, and utilization; (8) transportation and shipment of goods and materials; and (9) materials management and handling.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416144731Customs consulting services
5416148742Efficiency management (i.e., efficiency expert) consulting services
5416144731Freight rate auditor services
5416144731Freight rate consulting services
5416144731Freight traffic consulting services
5416148742Inventory planning and control management consulting services
5416148742Logistics management consulting services
5416148742Manufacturing management consulting services
5416148742Manufacturing operations improvement consulting services
5416148742Materials management consulting services
5416148742Operations research consulting services
5416148742Physical distribution consulting services
5416148742Production planning and control consulting services
5416148742Productivity improvement consulting services
5416144731Tariff rate consulting services
5416144731Tariff rate information services
5416148742Transportation management consulting services

541618 Other Management Consulting Services

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing management consulting services (except administrative and general management consulting; human resources consulting; marketing consulting; or process, physical distribution, and logistics consulting). Establishments providing telecommunications or utilities management consulting services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416188748Telecommunications management consulting services
5416188748Utilities management consulting services

54162 Environmental Consulting Services

541620 Environmental Consulting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on environmental issues, such as the control of environmental contamination from pollutants, toxic substances, and hazardous materials. These establishments identify problems (e.g., inspect buildings for hazardous materials), measure and evaluate risks, and recommend solutions. They employ a multidisciplined staff of scientists, engineers, and other technicians with expertise in areas, such as air and water quality, asbestos contamination, remediation, and environmental law. Establishments providing sanitation or site remediation consulting services are included in this industry.

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416208748Environmental consulting services
5416208999Sanitation consulting services
5416208748Site remediation consulting services

54169 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services

541690 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advice and assistance to businesses and other organizations on scientific and technical issues (except environmental).

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NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5416908748Agricultural consulting services
5416908748Agrology consulting services
5416908748Agronomy consulting services
5416908748Biological consulting services
5416908999Chemical consulting services
5416908748Dairy herd consulting services
5416908748Economic consulting services
5416908748Energy consulting services
5416908999Entomology consulting services
5416908999Geochemical consulting services
5416900781Horticultural consulting services
5416908748Hydrology consulting services
5416908748Livestock breeding consulting services
5416908748Motion picture consulting services
5416908999Nuclear energy consulting services
5416908999Physics consulting services
5416908748Radio consulting services
5416908748Safety consulting services
5416908748Security consulting services

5417 Scientific Research and Development Services

This industry group comprises establishments engaged in conducting original investigation undertaken on a systematic basis to gain new knowledge (research) and/or the application of research findings or other scientific knowledge for the creation of new or significantly improved products or processes (experimental development). The industries within this industry group are defined on the basis of the domain of research; that is, on the scientific expertise of the establishment.

54171 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences

541710 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and experimental development in the physical, engineering, or life sciences, such as agriculture, electronics, environmental, biology, botany, biotechnology, computers, chemistry, food, fisheries, forests, geology, health, mathematics, medicine, oceanography, pharmacy, physics, veterinary, and other allied subjects.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5417108733Agriculture research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Bacteriological research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Biology research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Biotechnology research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Botany research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Cancer research laboratories or services
5417108733Cerebral palsy research laboratories or services
5417108733Chemical research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Computer and related hardware research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Dental research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Electronic research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Engineering research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Entomological research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Environmental research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Experimental farms
5417108733Fisheries research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Food research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Forestry research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Genetics research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Geological research and development laboratories or services
5417103764Guided missile and space vehicle engine research and development
5417103769Guided missile and space vehicle parts (except engines) research and development
5417108733Health research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Industrial research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Life sciences research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Mathematics research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Medical research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Oceanographic research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Physical science research and development laboratories or services
541710873MPhysics research and development laboratories or services
5417108733Veterinary research and development laboratories or services

54172 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities

541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in conducting research and analyses in cognitive development, sociology, psychology, language, behavior, economic, and other social science and humanities research.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5417208733Archeological research and development services
5417208732Behavioral research and development services
5417208732Business research and development services
5417208732Cognitive research and development services
5417208732Demographic research and development services
5417208732Economic research and development services
541720873MHumanities research and development services
5417208732Language research and development services
5417208732Learning disabilities research and development services
5417208732Psychology research and development services
5417208732Social science research and development services
5417208732Sociological research and development services
5417208732Sociology research and development services

5418 Advertising and Related Services

54181 Advertising Agencies

541810 Advertising Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media. These establishments are organized to provide a full range of services (i.e., through in-house capabilities or subcontracting), including advice, creative services, account management, production of advertising material, media planning, and buying (i.e., placing advertising).

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418107311Advertising agencies
5418107311Advertising agency consulting services

54182 Public Relations Agencies

541820 Public Relations Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in designing and implementing public relations campaigns. These campaigns are designed to promote the interests and image of their clients. Establishments providing lobbying, political consulting, or public relations consulting are included in this industry.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418208743Lobbying services
5418208743Lobbyists' offices
5418208743Political consulting services
5418208743Public relations agencies
5418208743Public relations consulting services
5418208743Public relations services

54183 Media Buying Agencies

541830 Media Buying Agencies

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it to advertising agencies or individual companies directly.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418307319Media buying agencies
5418307319Media buying services

54184 Media Representatives

541840 Media Representatives

This industry comprises establishments of independent representatives primarily engaged in selling media time or space for media owners.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418407313Advertising media representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Magazine advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Media advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Media representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Newspaper advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Publishers' advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Radio advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)
5418407313Television advertising representatives (i.e., independent of media owners)

54185 Display Advertising

541850 Display Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in creating and designing public display advertising, campaign materials, such as printed, painted, or electronic displays, and/or placing such displays on indoor or outdoor billboards and panels, or on or within transit vehicles or facilities, shopping malls, retail (in-store) displays, and other display structures or sites.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418507312Advertising services, indoor or outdoor display
5418507319Advertising, aerial
5418507312Billboard display advertising services
5418507312Bus card advertising services
5418507312Bus display advertising services
5418507319Display advertising services
5418507312Indoor display advertising services
5418507312Out-of-home media (i.e., display) advertising services
5418507312Outdoor display advertising services
5418507312Store display advertising services
5418507312Subway card display advertising services
5418507312Taxicab card advertising services
5418507312Transit advertising services

54186 Direct Mail Advertising

541860 Direct Mail Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) creating and designing advertising campaigns for the purpose of distributing advertising materials (e.g., coupons, flyers, samples) or specialties (e.g., key chains, magnets, pens with customized messages imprinted) by mail or other direct distribution; and/or (2) preparing advertising materials or specialties for mailing or other direct distribution. These establishments may also compile, maintain, sell, and rent mailing lists.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418607331Advertising material preparation services for mailing or other direct distribution
5418607331Direct mail advertising services
5418607331Direct mail or other direct distribution advertising campaign services

54187 Advertising Material Distribution Services

541870 Advertising Material Distribution Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the direct distribution or delivery of advertisements (e.g., circulars, coupons, handbills) or samples. Establishments in this industry use methods, such as delivering advertisements or samples door-to-door, placing flyers or coupons on car windshields in parking lots, or handing out samples in retail stores.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418707319Advertising material (e.g., coupons, flyers, samples) direct distribution services
5418707319Circular direct distribution services
5418707319Coupon direct distribution services
5418707389Directory, telephone, distribution on a contract basis
5418707319Door-to-door distribution of advertising materials (e.g., coupons, flyers, samples)
5418707319Flyer direct distribution (except direct mail) services
5418707319Handbill direct distribution services
5418707319Sample direct distribution services
5418707319Telephone directory distribution services, door-to-door

54189 Other Services Related to Advertising

541890 Other Services Related to Advertising

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing advertising services (except advertising agency services, public relations agency services, media buying agency services, media representative services, display advertising services, direct mail advertising services, advertising material distribution services, and marketing consulting services).

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5418905199Advertising specialty (e.g., keychain, magnet, pen) distribution services
5418907319Demonstration services, merchandise
5418907319Display lettering services
5418907389Mannequin decorating services
5418907319Sign lettering and painting services
5418907389Welcoming services (i.e., advertising services)
5418907319Window dressing or trimming services, store

5419 Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

This industry group comprises establishments engaged in professional, scientific, and technical services (except legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and related services; architectural, engineering, and related services; specialized design services; computer systems design and related services; management, scientific, and technical consulting services; scientific research and development services; and advertising and related services).

54191 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling

541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in systematically gathering, recording, tabulating, and presenting marketing and public opinion data.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419108732Broadcast media rating services
5419108732Marketing analysis services
5419108732Marketing research services
5419108732Opinion research services
5419108732Political opinion polling services
5419108732Public opinion polling services
5419108732Public opinion research services
5419108732Sampling services, statistical

54192 Photographic Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing still, video, or digital photography services. These establishments may specialize in a particular field of photography, such as commercial and industrial photography, portrait photography, and special events photography. Commercial or portrait photography studios are included in this industry.

541921 Photography Studios, Portrait

This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as portrait studios primarily engaged in providing still, video, or digital portrait photography services.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419217221Passport photography services
5419217221Photography services, portrait (e.g., still, video)
5419217221Photography studios, portrait
5419217221Portrait photography services
5419217221Portrait photography studios
5419217221School photography (i.e., portrait photography) services
5419217221Video photography services, portrait
5419217221Video taping services, special events (e.g., birthdays, weddings)
5419217221Wedding photography services

541922 Commercial Photography

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing commercial photography services, generally for advertising agencies, publishers, and other business and industrial users.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419227335Commercial photography services
5419228099Medical photography services
5419227335Photographers specializing in aerial photography
5419227335Photography services, commercial
5419227335Photography studios, commercial

54193 Translation and Interpretation Services

541930 Translation and Interpretation Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in translating written material and interpreting speech from one language to another and establishments primarily engaged in providing sign language services.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419307389Interpretation services, language
5419307389Language interpretation services
5419307389Language services (e.g., interpretation, sign, translation)
5419307389Language translation services
5419307389Sign language services
5419307389Speech (i.e., language) interpretation services
5419307389Translation services, language

54194 Veterinary Services

541940 Veterinary Services

This industry comprises establishments of licensed veterinary practitioners primarily engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine, dentistry, or surgery for animals; and establishments primarily engaged in providing testing services for licensed veterinary practitioners.

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419400742Animal hospitals
5419400742Disease testing services, veterinary
5419400741Hospitals, animal
541940074*Internists' offices, veterinary
5419408734Laboratory testing services, veterinary
5419400741Livestock inspecting and testing services, veterinary
5419400741Livestock veterinary services
5419400742Pet hospitals
5419400742Small animal veterinary services
5419400742Surgeons' offices, veterinary
5419400741Surgery services, veterinary
5419400742Testing laboratories, veterinary
5419408734Testing services for veterinarians
5419400741Vaccination services, veterinary
5419400742Veterinarians' offices
5419400741Veterinarians' practices
5419400741Veterinary clinics
541940074*Veterinary services
5419400741Veterinary services, livestock
5419400742Veterinary services, pets and other animal specialties
5419408734Veterinary testing laboratories

54199 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the provision of professional, scientific, or technical services (except legal services; accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and related services; architectural, engineering, and related services; specialized design services; computer systems design and related services; management, scientific, and technical consulting services; scientific research and development services; advertising and related services; market research and public opinion polling; photographic services; translation and interpretation services; and veterinary services).

Go to: 1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC NAICS Manual Table 1
NAICSSICCorresponding Index Entries
5419907389Appraisal (except real estate) services
5419907389Arbitration and conciliation services (except by attorney, paralegal)
5419907389Commodity inspection services
5419907389Consumer credit counseling services
5419907389Credit repair (i.e., counseling) services, consumer
5419907389Estate assessment (i.e., appraisal) services
5419907389Handwriting analysis services
5419907389Handwriting expert services
5419904499Marine surveyor (i.e., ship appraiser) services
5419908999Meteorological services
5419907389Outplacement services
5419907389Patent broker services (i.e., patent marketing services)
5419907389Patrolling (i.e., visual inspection) of electric transmission or gas lines
5419907389Pipeline inspection (i.e., visual) services
5419907389Power line inspection (i.e., visual) services
5419907389Quantity surveyor services
5419908999Weather forecasting services