Industries in the Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector group establishments that produce or organize and promote live presentations involving the performances of actors and actresses, singers, dancers, musical groups and artists, athletes, and other entertainers, including independent (i.e., freelance) entertainers and the establishments that manage their careers. The classification recognizes four basic processes: (1) producing (i.e., presenting) events; (2) organizing, managing, and/or promoting events; (3) managing and representing entertainers; and (4) providing the artistic, creative and technical skills necessary to the production of these live events. Also, this subsector contains four industries for performing arts companies. Each is defined on the basis of the particular skills of the entertainers involved in the presentations.

The industry structure for this subsector makes a clear distinction between performing arts companies and performing artists (i.e., independent or freelance). Although not unique to arts and entertainment, freelancing is a particularly important phenomenon in this Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries subsector. Distinguishing this activity from the production activity is a meaningful process differentiation. This approach, however, is difficult to implement in the case of musical groups (i.e., companies) and artists, especially pop groups. These establishments tend to be more loosely organized and it can be difficult to distinguish companies from freelancers. For this reason, NAICS includes one industry that covers both musical groups and musical artists.

This subsector contains two industries for Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events, one for those that operate facilities and another for those that do not. This is because there are significant differences in cost structures between those promoters that manage and provide the staff to operate facilities and those that do not. In addition to promoters without facilities other industries in this subsector include establishments that may operate without permanent facilities. These types of establishments include: performing arts companies, musical groups and artists, spectator sports, and independent (i.e., freelance) artists, writers, and performers.

Excluded from this subsector are nightclubs. Some nightclubs promote live entertainment on a regular basis and it can be argued that they could be classified in Industry Group 7113, Promoters of Performing Arts, Sports, and Similar Events with Facilities. However, since most of these establishments function as any other drinking place when they do not promote entertainment and because most of their revenue is derived from sale of food and beverages, they are classified in Subsector 722, Food Services and Drinking Places.

This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating racetracks. These establishments may also present and /or promote the events, such as auto, dog, and horse races, held in these facilities.

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1997 Economic Census

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NAICS Manual Table 1

NAICS	SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
711212	7948	Automobile racetracks
711212	7948	Dog racetracks
711212	7948	Drag strips
711212	7948	Greyhound dog racetracks
711212	7948	Harness racetracks
711212	7948	Horse racetracks
711212	7948	Motorcycle racetracks
711212	7948	Racetracks (e.g., automobile, dog, horse)
711212	7948	Snowmobile racetracks
711212	7948	Speedways
711212	7948	Stock car racetracks
711212	7948	Thoroughbred racetracks

This U.S. industry comprises (1) independent athletes, such as professional or semiprofessional golfers, boxers, and race car drivers, primarily engaged in participating in live sporting or racing events before a paying audience; (2) owners of racing participants, such as cars, dogs, and horses, primarily engaged in entering them in racing events or other spectator sports events; and (3) establishments, such as sports trainers, primarily engaged in providing specialized services required to support participants in sports events or competitions.

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1997 Economic Census

Bridge Between NAICS and SIC

NAICS Manual Table 1

NAICS	SIC	Corresponding Index Entries
711219	7999	Athletes, amateur, independent
711219	7999	Athletes, independent (i.e., participating in live sports events)
711219	7948	Automobile racing teams
711219	7999	Boxers, independent professional
711219	7948	Dog owners, race (i.e., racing dogs)
711219	7948	Dog racing kennels
711219	7948	Drivers, harness or race car
711219	7999	Figure skaters, independent
711219	7999	Golfers, independent professional (i.e., participating in sports events)
711219	7948	Harness drivers
711219	7948	Horse racing stables
711219	7948	Jockeys, horse racing
711219	7948	Kennels, dog racing
711219	7948	Motorcycle racing teams
711219	7999	Professional athletes, independent (i.e., participating in sports events)
711219	7948	Race car drivers
711219	7948	Race car owners (i.e., racing cars)
711219	7948	Race dog owners (i.e., racing dogs)
711219	7948	Racehorse owners (i.e., racing horses)
711219	7948	Racehorse trainers
711219	7948	Racehorse training
711219	7948	Racing stables, horse
711219	7948	Racing teams (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, snowmobile)
711219	7999	Skiers, independent (i.e., participating in sports events)
711219	7948	Snowmobile racing teams
711219	7999	Sports professionals, independent (i.e., participating in sports events)
711219	7999	Sports trainers, independent
711219	7948	Stables, horse racing
711219	7948	Stock car racing teams
711219	7999	Tennis professionals, independent (i.e., participating in sports events)
711219	7948	Training race dogs
711219	7948	Training racehorses
711219	7948	Wrestlers, independent professional