##11 11 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting The Sector as a Whole The Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops, raising animals, harvesting timber, and harvesting fish and other animals from a farm, ranch, or their natural habitats. The establishments in this sector are often described as farms, ranches, dairies, greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, or hatcheries. A farm may consist of a single tract of land or a number of separate tracts which may be held under different tenures. For example, one tract may be owned by the farm operator and another rented. It may be operated by the operator alone or with the assistance of members of the household or hired employees, or it may be operated by a partnership, corporation, or other type of organization. When a landowner has one or more tenants, renters, croppers, or managers, the land operated by each is considered a farm. The sector distinguishes two basic activities: agricultural production and agricultural support activities. Agricultural production includes establishments performing the complete farm or ranch operation, such as farm owner-operators, tenant farm operators, and sharecroppers. Agricultural support activities include establishments that perform one or more activities associated with farm operation, such as soil preparation, planting, harvesting, and management, on a contract or fee basis. Excluded from the Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing sector are establishments primarily engaged in agricultural research and establishments primarily engaged in administering programs for regulating and conserving land, mineral, wildlife, and forest use. These establishments are classified in Industry 54171, Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences; and Industry 92412, Administration of Conservation Programs, respectively. ##111 111 Crop Production Industries in the Crop Production subsector grow crops mainly for food and fiber. The subsector comprises establishments, such as farms, orchards, groves, greenhouses, and nurseries, primarily engaged in growing crops, plants, vines, or trees and their seeds. The industries in this subsector are grouped by similarity of production activity, including biological and physiological characteristics and economic requirements, the length of growing season, degree of crop rotation, extent of input specialization, labor requirements, and capital demands. The production process is typically completed when the raw product or commodity grown reaches the "farm gate" for market, that is, at the point of first sale or price determination. Establishments are classified to the crop production subsector when crop production (i.e., value of crops for market) accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Within the subsector, establishments are classified to a specific industry when a product or industry family of products (i.e., oilseed and grain farming, vegetable and melon farming, fruit and tree nut farming) account for one-half or more of the establishment's agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or more crop production with no one product or family of products of an industry accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as general combination crop farming and are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming. Industries in the Crop Production subsector include establishments that own, operate, and manage and those that operate and manage. Those that manage only are classified in Subsector 115, Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry. ##1111 1111 Oilseed and Grain Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing oilseed and/or grain crops and/or (2) producing oilseed and grain seeds. These crops have an annual life cycle and are typically grown in open fields. ##11111 11111 Soybean Farming See industry description for 111110 below. ##111110 111110 Soybean Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing soybeans and/or producing soybean seeds. Establishments engaged in growing soybeans in combination with grain(s) with the soybeans or grain(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##11112 11112 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming See industry description for 111120 below. ##111120 c 111120 Oilseed (except Soybean) Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fibrous oilseed producing plants and/or producing oilseed seeds, such as sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, canola, and sesame. Growing soybeans--are classified in Industry 111110, Soybean Farming; and Growing oilseed(s) in combination with grain(s) with no one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain(s) (or family of grains) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##11113 11113 Dry Pea and Bean Farming See industry description for 111130 below. ##111130 c 111130 Dry Pea and Bean Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing dry peas, beans, and/or lentils. Establishments primarily engaged in growing fresh green beans and peas are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming. ##11114 11114 Wheat Farming See industry description for 111140 below. ##111140 111140 Wheat Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing wheat and/or producing wheat seeds. Establishments growing wheat in combination with oilseed(s) with the wheat or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##11115 11115 Corn Farming See industry description for 111150 below. ##111150 c 111150 Corn Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing corn (except sweet corn) and/or producing corn seeds. Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; and Growing corn in combination with oilseed(s) with the corn or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishment's production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##11116 11116 Rice Farming See industry description for 111160 below. ##111160 111160 Rice Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing rice (except wild rice) and/or producing rice seeds. Growing wild rice--are classified in U.S. Industry 111199, All Other Grain Farming; and Engaged in growing rice in combination with oilseed(s) with the rice or oilseed(s) not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##11119 11119 Other Grain Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing grain(s) and/or producing grain seeds (except wheat, corn, and rice) or (2) growing a combination of grain(s) and oilseed(s) with no one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market). Combination grain(s) and oilseed(s) establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) seeds and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s). Growing wheat--are classified in U.S. Industry 111140, Wheat Farming; Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111150, Corn Farming; Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming; and Growing rice (except wild rice)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111160, Rice Farming. ##111191 u 111191 Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments engaged in growing a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) with no one oilseed (or family of oilseeds) or grain (or family of grains) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market). These establishments may produce oilseed(s) and grain(s) seeds and/or grow oilseed(s) and grain(s). Establishments engaged in growing one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market) are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming accordingly by the prominent grain(s) or oilseed(s) grown. ##111199 u 111199 All Other Grain Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing grains and/or producing grain(s) seeds (except wheat, corn, rice, and oilseed(s) and grain(s) combinations). Growing wheat--are classified in Industry 111140, Wheat Farming; Growing corn--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming; Growing rice (except wild rice)--are classified in Industry 111160, Rice Farming; Growing sweet corn--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; and Growing a combination of grain(s) and oilseed(s) with no one grain (or family of grains) or oilseed (or family of oilseeds) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111191, Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming. ##1112 1112 Vegetable and Melon Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing root and tuber crops (except sugar beets and peanuts) or edible plants and/or producing root and tuber or edible plant seeds. The crops included in this group have an annual growth cycle and are grown in open fields. Climate and cultural practices limit producing areas but often permit the growing of a combination of crops in a year. ##11121 11121 Vegetable and Melon Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing vegetable and/or melon crops; (2) producing vegetable and melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding plants. Growing sugar beets--are classified in Industry 11199, All Other Crop Farming; Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in Industry 11141, Food Crops Grown Under Cover; Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 111130, Dry Pea and Bean Farming; Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming; Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying; and Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming. ##111211 c 111211 Potato Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing potatoes and/or producing seed potatoes (except sweet potatoes). Growing sweet potatoes, cassava, and yams--are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; and Canning or drying potatoes--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying. ##111219 c 111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing melons and/or vegetables (except potatoes; dry peas; dry beans; field, silage, or seed corn; and sugar beets); (2) producing vegetable and/or melon seeds; and (3) growing vegetable and/or melon bedding plants. Growing potatoes--are classified in U.S. Industry 111211, Potato Farming; Growing sugar beets--are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming; Growing vegetables and melons under glass or protective cover--are classified in U.S. Industry 111419, Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover; Growing dry peas and beans--are classified in Industry 111130, Dry Pea and Bean Farming; Growing corn (except sweet corn)--are classified in Industry 111150, Corn Farming; Canning, pickling, and/or drying (artificially) vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying; and Growing fruit on trees and other fruit-bearing plants (except melons)--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming. ##1113 1113 Fruit and Tree Nut Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing fruit and/or tree nut crops. The crops included in this industry group are generally not grown from seeds and have a perennial life cycle. ##11131 11131 Orange Groves See industry description for 111310 below. ##111310 111310 Orange Groves This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges. ##11132 11132 Citrus (except Orange) Groves See industry description for 111320 below. ##111320 c 111320 Citrus (except Orange) Groves This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing citrus fruits (except oranges). Establishments primarily engaged in growing oranges are classified in Industry 111310, Orange Groves. ##11133 11133 Noncitrus Fruit and Tree Nut Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) growing noncitrus fruits (e.g., apples, grapes, berries, peaches); (2) growing tree nuts (e.g., pecans, almonds, pistachios); or (3) growing a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (value of crops for market). Harvesting berries or nuts from native and noncultivated plants--are classified in Industry 113210, Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and Canning and/or drying (artificially) fruit--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying. ##111331 u 111331 Apple Orchards This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing apples. Establishments engaged in growing apples in combination with tree nut(s) with the apples or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##111332 u 111332 Grape Vineyards This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing grapes and/or growing grapes to sun dry into raisins. Drying grapes artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and Growing grapes in combination with tree nut(s) with the grapes or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##111333 u 111333 Strawberry Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing strawberries. Establishments engaged in growing strawberries in combination with tree nut(s) with the strawberries or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##111334 u 111334 Berry (except Strawberry) Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing berries. Growing strawberries--are classified in U.S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming; Harvesting berries from native and noncultivated bushes or vines--are classified in Industry 113210, Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; and Growing berries in combination with tree nut(s) with the berries or family of tree nuts not accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##111335 u 111335 Tree Nut Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing tree nuts. Growing coconut and coffee--are classified in U.S. Industry 111339, Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming; and Growing tree nut(s) in combination with fruit(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit or of tree nuts) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##111336 u 111336 Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruit) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market). Establishments engaged in growing fruit(s) or the family of tree nut(s) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market) are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming accordingly by the prominent fruit(s) or tree nut(s) grown. ##111339 u 111339 Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing noncitrus fruits (except apples, grapes, berries, and fruit(s) and tree nut(s) combinations). Growing apples--are classified in U.S. Industry 111331, Apple Orchards; Growing grapes including sun drying of grapes into raisins--are classified in U.S. Industry 111332, Grape Vineyards; Growing strawberries--are classified in U.S. Industry 111333, Strawberry Farming; Growing berries (except strawberries)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111334, Berry (except Strawberry) Farming; Drying fruit artificially--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; and Growing noncitrus fruit(s) in combination with tree nut(s) with no one fruit (or family of fruits) or family of tree nuts accounting for one-half of the establishment's agriculture production (i.e., value of crops for market)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111336, Fruit and Tree Nut Combination Farming. ##1114 1114 Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing crops of any kind under cover and/or growing nursery stock and flowers. "Under cover" is generally defined as greenhouses, cold frames, cloth houses, and lath houses. The crops grown are removed at various stages of maturity and have annual and perennial life cycles. The nursery stock includes short rotation woody crops that have growth cycles of 10 years or less. ##11141 11141 Food Crops Grown Under Cover This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing food crops (e.g., fruits, melons, tomatoes) under glass or protective cover. Establishments primarily engaged in growing vegetable and melon bedding plants are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming. ##111411 c 111411 Mushroom Production This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover in mines underground, or in other controlled environments. ##111419 c 111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing food crops (except mushrooms) under glass or protective cover. Establishments primarily engaged in growing mushrooms under cover are classified in U.S. Industry 111411, Mushroom Production. ##11142 11142 Nursery and Floriculture Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing nursery and floriculture products (e.g., nursery stock, shrubbery, cut flowers, flower seeds, foliage plants) under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing short rotation woody trees with a growing and harvesting cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock (e.g., cut Christmas trees, cottonwoods). Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming; Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are classified in Industry 113110, Timber Tract Operations; and Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. ##111421 c 111421 Nursery and Tree Production This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing nursery products, nursery stock, shrubbery, bulbs, fruit stock, sod, and so forth, under cover or in open fields and/or (2) growing short rotation woody trees with a growth and harvest cycle of 10 years or less for pulp or tree stock. Growing vegetable and melon bedding plants--are classified in Industry 11121, Vegetable and Melon Farming; Operating timber tracts (i.e., growing cycle greater than 10 years)--are classified in Industry 113110, Timber Tract Operations; and Retailing nursery, tree stock, and floriculture products primarily purchased from others--are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. ##111422 c 111422 Floriculture Production This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing and/or producing floriculture products (e.g., cut flowers and roses, cut cultivated greens, potted flowering and foliage plants, and flower seeds) under cover and in open fields. Establishments primarily engaged in retailing floriculture products primarily purchased from others are classified in Industry 444220, Nursery, Garden Center, and Farm Supply Stores. ##1119 1119 Other Crop Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseed and/or grain; vegetable and/or melon; fruit and tree nut; and greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products). These establishments grow crops, such as tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, hay, sugar beets, peanuts, agave, herbs and spices, and hay and grass seeds; or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s) and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)). ##11191 11191 Tobacco Farming See industry description for 111910 below. ##111910 111910 Tobacco Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing tobacco. ##11192 11192 Cotton Farming See industry description for 111920 below. ##111920 111920 Cotton Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing cotton. Establishments primarily engaged in ginning cotton are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning. ##11193 11193 Sugarcane Farming See industry description for 111930 below. ##111930 111930 Sugarcane Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing sugarcane. ##11194 11194 Hay Farming See industry description for 111940 below. ##111940 c 111940 Hay Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing hay, alfalfa, clover, and/or mixed hay. Growing grain hay--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming; and Growing grass and hay seeds--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming. ##11199 11199 All Other Crop Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing crops (except oilseeds and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products; tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; or hay) or (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)) with no one crop or family of crops accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market). Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other grains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming; Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming; Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming; Growing greenhouse, nursery, and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production; Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 111910, Tobacco Farming; Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 111920, Cotton Farming; Growing sugarcane--are classified in Industry 111930, Sugarcane Farming; and Growing hay--are classified in Industry 111940, Hay Farming. ##111991 u 111991 Sugar Beet Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing sugar beets. Establishments primarily engaged in growing beets (except sugar beets) are classified in U.S. Industry 111219, Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming. ##111992 m 111992 Peanut Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in growing peanuts. ##111998 u 111998 All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one of the following: (1) growing crops (except oilseeds and/or grains; vegetables and/or melons; fruits and/or tree nuts; greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products; tobacco; cotton; sugarcane; hay; sugar beets; or peanuts); (2) growing a combination of crops (except a combination of oilseed(s) and grain(s); and a combination of fruit(s) and tree nut(s)) with no one crop or family of crop(s) accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of crops for market); or (3) gathering tea or maple sap. Growing oilseeds and/or wheat, corn, rice, or other grains--are classified in Industry Group 1111, Oilseed and Grain Farming; Growing vegetables and/or melons--are classified in Industry Group 1112, Vegetable and Melon Farming; Growing fruits and/or tree nuts--are classified in Industry Group 1113, Fruit and Tree Nut Farming; Growing greenhouse, nursery and/or floriculture products--are classified in Industry Group 1114, Greenhouse, Nursery, and Floriculture Production; Growing tobacco--are classified in Industry 111910, Tobacco Farming; Growing cotton--are classified in Industry 111920, Cotton Farming; Growing sugarcane--are classified in Industry 111930, Sugarcane Farming; Growing hay--are classified in Industry 111940, Hay Farming; Growing sugar beets---are classified in U.S. Industry 111991, Sugar Beet Farming; and Growing peanuts--are classified in U.S. Industry 111992, Peanut Farming. ##112 112 Animal Production Industries in the Animal Production subsector raise or fatten animals for the sale of animals or animal products. The subsector comprises establishments, such as ranches, farms, and feedlots primarily engaged in keeping, grazing, breeding, or feeding animals. These animals are kept for the products they produce or for eventual sale. The animals are generally raised in various environments, from total confinement or captivity to feeding on an open range pasture. The industries in this subsector are grouped by important factors, such as suitable grazing or pasture land, specialized buildings, type of equipment, and the amount and types of labor required. Establishments are classified to the Animal Production subsector when animal production (i.e., value of animals for market) accounts for one-half or more of the establishment's total agricultural production. Establishments with one-half or more animal production with no one animal product or family of animal products of an industry accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production are treated as combination animal farming classified to Industry 11299, All Other Animal Production. ##1121 1121 Cattle Ranching and Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle, milking dairy cattle, or feeding cattle for fattening. ##11211 11211 Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, including Feedlots This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd replacements), or feeding cattle for fattening. Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production; and Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in Industry 48899, Other Support Activities for Transportation. ##112111 u 112111 Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle (including cattle for dairy herd replacements). Establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production. ##112112 u 112112 Cattle Feedlots This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in feeding cattle for fattening. Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. ##11212 11212 Dairy Cattle and Milk Production See industry description for 112120 below. ##112120 112120 Dairy Cattle and Milk Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in milking dairy cattle. Raising dairy herd replacements--are classified in U.S. Industry 112111, Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming; and Milking goats--are classified in Industry 112420, Goat Farming. ##11213m 11213 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming See industry description for 112130 below. ##112130 m 112130 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising cattle for both milking and meat production. Milking dairy cattle--are classified in Industry 112120, Dairy Cattle and Milk Production; Raising cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry 11211, Beef Cattle Ranching and Farming, including Feedlots; and Operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock--are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. ##1122 1122 Hog and Pig Farming ##11221 11221 Hog and Pig Farming See industry description for 112210 below. ##112210 c 112210 Hog and Pig Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising hogs and pigs. These establishments may include farming activities, such as breeding, farrowing, and the raising of weanling pigs, feeder pigs, or market size hogs. Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. ##1123 1123 Poultry and Egg Production This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in breeding, hatching, and raising poultry for meat or egg production. ##11231 11231 Chicken Egg Production See industry description for 112310 below. ##112310 c 112310 Chicken Egg Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for egg production. The eggs produced may be for use as table eggs or hatching eggs. Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for the production of meat are classified in Industry 112320, Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production. ##11232 11232 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production See industry description for 112320 below. ##112320 112320 Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising broilers, fryers, roasters, and other meat type chickens. Establishments primarily engaged in raising chickens for egg production are classified in Industry 112310, Chicken Egg Production. ##11233 11233 Turkey Production See industry description for 112330 below. ##112330 112330 Turkey Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising turkeys for meat or egg production. ##11234 11234 Poultry Hatcheries See industry description for 112340 below. ##112340 112340 Poultry Hatcheries This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in hatching poultry of any kind. ##11239 11239 Other Poultry Production See industry description for 112390 below. ##112390 m 112390 Other Poultry Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising poultry (except chickens for meat or egg production and turkeys). Raising aviary birds, such as parakeets, canaries, and love birds,--are classified in Industry 112990, All Other Animal Production; Raising chickens for egg production--are classified in Industry 112310, Chicken Egg Production; Raising broilers and other meat type chickens--are classified in Industry 112320, Broilers and Other Meat Type Chicken Production; Raising turkeys--are classified in Industry 112330, Turkey Production; and Raising swans, peacocks, flamingos or other "adornment birds"--are classified in Industry 112990, All Other Animal Production. ##1124 1124 Sheep and Goat Farming This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep, lambs, and goats, or feeding lambs for fattening. ##11241 11241 Sheep Farming See industry description for 112410 below. ##112410 c 112410 Sheep Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising sheep and lambs, or feeding lambs for fattening. The sheep or lambs may be raised for sale or wool production. Establishments primarily engaged in operating stockyards for transportation and not buying, selling, or auctioning livestock are classified in U.S. Industry 488999, All Other Support Activities for Transportation. ##11242 11242 Goat Farming See industry description for 112420 below. ##112420 112420 Goat Farming This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising goats. ##1125 1125 Animal Aquaculture ##11251 11251 Animal Aquaculture This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the farm raising of finfish, shellfish, or any other kind of animal aquaculture. These establishments use some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as holding in captivity, regular stocking, feeding, and protecting from predators. Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of fish and other aquatic animals from their natural habitat are classified in Industry 11411, Fishing. ##112511 u 112511 Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) farm raising finfish (e.g., catfish, trout, goldfish, tropical fish, minnows) and/or (2) hatching fish of any kind. Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of finfish from their natural habitat are classified in U.S. Industry 114111, Finfish Fishing. ##112512 u 112512 Shellfish Farming This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in farm raising shellfish (e.g., crayfish, shrimp, oysters, clams, mollusks). Establishments primarily engaged in the catching or taking of shellfish from their natural habitat are classified in U.S. Industry 114112, Shellfish Fishing. ##112519 u 112519 Other Animal Aquaculture This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in farm raising animal aquaculture (except finfish and shellfish). Alligator, frog, or turtle production is included in this industry. Miscellaneous fishing activities, such as catching or taking of terrapins, turtles, and frogs in their natural habitat,--are classified in U.S. Industry 114119, Other Marine Fishing; Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; and Farm raising shellfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112512, Shellfish Farming. ##1129 1129 Other Animal Production This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising animals and insects (except cattle, hogs and pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, animal aquaculture) for sale or product production. These establishments are primarily engaged in raising one of the following: bees, horses and other equines, rabbits and other fur-bearing animals, and so forth, and producing products, such as honey and other bee products. Establishments primarily engaged in raising a combination of animals with no one animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of animals for market) are included in this industry group. ##11291 11291 Apiculture See industry description for 112910 below. ##112910 112910 Apiculture This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising bees. These establishments may collect and gather honey; and/or sell queen bees, packages of bees, royal jelly, bees' wax, propolis, venom, and/or other bee products. ##11292 11292 Horses and Other Equine Production See industry description for 112920 below. ##112920 112920 Horses and Other Equine Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising horses, mules, donkeys, and other equines. Establishments primarily engaged in equine boarding are classified in Industry 115210, Support Activities for Animal Production; and Equine owners entering horses in racing or other spectator sporting events are classified in U.S. Industry 711219, Other Spectator Sports. ##11293 11293 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production See industry description for 112930 below. ##112930 112930 Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits. These animals may be raised for sale or for their pelt production. Establishments primarily engaged in the trapping or hunting of wild fur-bearing animals are classified in Industry 114210, Hunting and Trapping. ##11299 11299 All Other Animal Production See industry description for 112990 below. ##112990 m 112990 All Other Animal Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) raising animals (except cattle, hogs and pigs, poultry, sheep and goats, animal aquaculture, apiculture, horses and other equines; and fur-bearing animals including rabbits); or (2) raising a combination of animals, with no one animal or family of animals accounting for one-half of the establishment's agricultural production (i.e., value of animals for market) are included in this industry. Raising cattle, dairy cattle or feeding cattle for fattening--are classified in Industry Group 1121, Cattle Ranching and Farming; Raising hogs and pigs--are classified in Industry Group 1122, Hog and Pig Farming; Raising poultry and raising poultry for egg production--are classified in Group 1123, Poultry and Egg Production; Raising sheep and goats--are classified in Industry Group 1124, Sheep and Goat Farming; Raising animal aquaculture--are classified in Industry Group 1125, Animal Aquaculture; Raising bees--are classified in Industry 112910, Apiculture; Raising horses and other equines--are classified in Industry 112920, Horses and Other Equine Production; and Raising fur-bearing animals including rabbits--are classified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production. ##113 113 Forestry and Logging Industries in the Forestry and Logging subsector grow and harvest timber on a long production cycle (i.e., of 10 years or more). Long production cycles use different production processes than short production cycles, which require more horticultural interventions prior to harvest, resulting in processes more similar to those found in the Crop Production subsector. Consequently, Christmas tree production and other production involving production cycles of less than 10 years, are classified in the Crop Production subsector. Industries in this subsector specialize in different stages of the production cycle. Reforestation requires production of seedlings in specialized nurseries. Timber production requires natural forest or suitable areas of land that are available for a long duration. The maturation time for timber depends upon the species of tree, the climatic conditions of the region, and the intended purpose of the timber. The harvesting of timber (except when done on an extremely small scale) requires specialized machinery unique to the industry. Establishments gathering forest products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes, fibers, Spanish moss, and ginseng and truffles, are also included in this subsector. ##1131 1131 Timber Tract Operations ##11311 11311 Timber Tract Operations See industry description for 113110 below. ##113110 113110 Timber Tract Operations This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the operation of timber tracts for the purpose of selling standing timber. Acting as lessors of land with trees as real estate property--are classified in Industry 531190, Lessors of Other Real Estate Property; Growing short rotation woody trees (i.e., growing and harvesting cycle is 10 years or less)--are classified in U.S. Industry 111421, Nursery and Tree Production; and Cutting timber--are classified in Industry 113310, Logging. ##1132 1132 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products ##11321 11321 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products See industry description for 113210 below. ##113210 c 113210 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) growing trees for reforestation and/or (2) gathering forest products, such as gums, barks, balsam needles, rhizomes, fibers, Spanish moss, ginseng, and truffles. Gathering tea and maple sap--are classified in U.S. Industry 111998, All Other Miscellaneous Crop Farming; and Processing maple syrup into other products--are classified in Industry 31199, All Other Food Manufacturing. ##1133 1133 Logging ##11331 11331 Logging See industry description for 113310 below. ##113310 m 113310 Logging This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) cutting timber; (2) cutting and transporting timber; and (3) producing wood chips in the field. Establishments primarily engaged in trucking timber are classified in Industry 484220, Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local. ##114 114 Fishing, Hunting and Trapping Industries in the Fishing, Hunting, and Trapping subsector harvest fish and other wild animals from their natural habitats and are dependent upon a continued supply of the natural resource. The harvesting of fish is the predominant economic activity of this subsector and it usually requires specialized vessels that, by the nature of their size, configuration and equipment, are not suitable for any other type of production, such as transportation. Hunting and trapping activities utilize a wide variety of production processes and are classified in the same subsector as fishing because the availability of resources and the constraints imposed, such as conservation requirements and proper habitat maintenance, are similar. ##1141 1141 Fishing ##11411 11411 Fishing This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish, shellfish, or miscellaneous marine products from a natural habitat, such as the catching of bluefish, eels, salmon, tuna, clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, shrimp, frogs, sea urchins, and turtles. Farm raising finfish, shellfish or other marine animals--are classified in Industry 11251, Animal Aquaculture; and Gathering and processing (known as "floating factory ships") seafood into canned seafood products--are classified in Industry 31171, Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging. ##114111 u 114111 Finfish Fishing This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of finfish (e.g., bluefish, salmon, trout, tuna) from their natural habitat. Farm raising finfish--are classified in U.S. Industry 112511, Finfish Farming and Fish Hatcheries; and Gathering and processing (known as "floating factory ships") seafood into canned seafood products--are classified in U.S. Industry 311711, Seafood Canning. ##114112 u 114112 Shellfish Fishing This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of shellfish (e.g., clams, crabs, lobsters, mussels, oysters, sea urchins, shrimp) from their natural habitat. Establishments primarily engaged in farm raising shellfish are classified in U.S. Industry 112512, Shellfish Farming. ##114119 u 114119 Other Marine Fishing This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the commercial catching or taking of marine animals (except finfish and shellfish). Raising animal aquaculture (except finfish and shellfish)--are classified in U.S. Industry 112519, Other Animal Aquaculture; The commercial catching or taking of finfish from their natural habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 114111, Finfish Fishing; and The commercial catching or taking of shellfish from their natural habitat--are classified in U.S. Industry 114112, Shellfish Fishing. ##1142 1142 Hunting and Trapping ##11421 11421 Hunting and Trapping See industry description for 114210 below. ##114210 114210 Hunting and Trapping This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) commercial hunting and trapping; (2) operating commercial game preserves, such as game retreats; and (3) operating hunting preserves. Operating nature preserves--are classified in Industry 712190, Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; and Farm raising rabbits and other fur-bearing animals--are classified in Industry 112930, Fur-Bearing Animal and Rabbit Production. ##115 115 Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry Industries in the Support Activities for Agriculture and Forestry subsector provide support services that are an essential part of agricultural and forestry production. These support activities may be performed by the agriculture or forestry producing establishment or conducted independently as an alternative source of inputs required for the production process for a given crop, animal, or forestry industry. Establishments that primarily perform these activities independent of the agriculture or forestry producing establishment are in this subsector. ##1151 1151 Support Activities for Crop Production ##11511 11511 Support Activities for Crop Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities for growing crops. Performing crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or vineyards (including sharecroppers and tenant farms)--are classified in the appropriate crop industry within Subsector 111, Crop Production; Providing support activities for forestry--are classified in Industry 115310, Support Activities for Forestry; Landscaping and horticultural services, such as lawn and maintenance care and ornamental shrub and tree services,--are classified in Industry 561730, Landscaping Services; Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in Industry 31142, Fruit and Vegetable Canning, Pickling and Drying; Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 312210, Tobacco Stemming and Redrying; Providing water for irrigation--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; and Buying farm products, such as fruits or vegetables, for resale to other wholesalers or retailers, and preparing them for market or further processing--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers. ##115111 u 115111 Cotton Ginning This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in ginning cotton. ##115112 u 115112 Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing a soil preparation activity or crop production service, such as plowing, fertilizing, seed bed preparation, planting, cultivating, and crop protecting services. Land clearing, land leveling, and earth moving for terracing, ponds, and irrigation--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors; and Providing water for irrigation--are classified in Industry 221310, Water Supply and Irrigation Systems. ##115113 u 115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in mechanical harvesting, picking, and combining of crops, and related activities. The machinery used is provided by the servicing establishment. Providing personnel for manual harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115115, Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders; and Providing farm management services (i.e., a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting crop mechanical or manual harvesting operations for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services. ##115114 u 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning) This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing services on crops, subsequent to their harvest, with the intent of preparing them for market or further processing. These establishments provide postharvest activities, such as crop cleaning, sun drying, shelling, fumigating, curing, sorting, grading, packing, and cooling. Ginning cotton--are classified in U.S. Industry 115111, Cotton Ginning; Artificially drying and dehydrating fruits and vegetables--are classified in U.S. Industry 311423, Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; Stemming and redrying tobacco--are classified in Industry 312210, Tobacco Stemming and Redrying; Buying farm products for resale to other wholesalers or retailers and preparing them for market or further processing--are classified in Industry 424480, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Merchant Wholesalers; and Providing farm management services (i.e., a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting postharvesting crop activities for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services. ##115115 u 115115 Farm Labor Contractors and Crew Leaders This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in supplying labor for agricultural production or harvesting. Providing machine harvesting--are classified in U.S. Industry 115113, Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine; and Providing farm management services (i.e., a contract or fee basis) and arranging or contracting farm labor for the farm(s) it manages--are classified in U.S. Industry 115116, Farm Management Services. ##115116 u 115116 Farm Management Services This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing farm management services on a contract or fee basis usually to citrus groves, orchards, or vineyards. These establishments always provide management and may arrange or contract for the partial or the complete operations of the farm establishment(s) it manages. Operational activities may include cultivating, harvesting, and/or other specialized agricultural support activities. Establishments primarily engaged in crop production that are generally known as farms, orchards, groves, or vineyards (including share croppers and tenant farms), are classified in the appropriate crop industry within Subsector 111, Crop Production. ##1152 1152 Support Activities for Animal Production ##11521 11521 Support Activities for Animal Production See industry description for 115210 below. ##115210 115210 Support Activities for Animal Production This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities related to raising livestock (e.g., cattle, goats, hogs, horses, poultry, sheep). These establishments may perform one or more of the following: (1) breeding services for animals, including companion animals (e.g., cats, dogs, pet birds); (2) pedigree record services; (3) boarding horses; (4) dairy herd improvement activities; (5) livestock spraying; and (6) sheep dipping and shearing. ##1153 1153 Support Activities for Forestry ##11531 11531 Support Activities for Forestry See industry description for 115310 below. ##115310 115310 Support Activities for Forestry This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing particular support activities related to timber production, wood technology, forestry economics and marketing, and forest protection. These establishments may provide support activities for forestry, such as estimating timber, forest firefighting, forest pest control, and consulting on wood attributes and reforestation. Establishments primarily engaged in the public administration and conservation of forest lands are classified in Industry 924120, Administration of Conservation Programs. ##21 21 Mining The Sector as a Whole The Mining sector comprises establishments that extract naturally occurring mineral solids, such as coal and ores; liquid minerals, such as crude petroleum; and gases, such as natural gas. The term mining is used in the broad sense to include quarrying, well operations, beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, and flotation), and other preparation customarily performed at the mine site, or as a part of mining activity. The Mining sector distinguishes two basic activities: mine operation and mining support activities. Mine operation includes establishments operating mines, quarries, or oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Mining support activities include establishments that perform exploration (except geophysical surveying) and/or other mining services on a contract or fee basis (except mine site preparation and construction of oil/gas pipelines). Establishments in the Mining sector are grouped and classified according to the natural resource mined or to be mined. Industries include establishments that develop the mine site, extract the natural resources, and/or those that beneficiate (i.e., prepare) the mineral mined. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles that can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. Mining, beneficiating, and manufacturing activities often occur in a single location. Separate receipts will be collected for these activities whenever possible. When receipts cannot be broken out between mining and manufacturing, establishments that mine or quarry nonmetallic minerals, beneficiate the nonmetallic minerals into more finished manufactured products are classified based on the primary activity of the establishment. A mine that manufactures a small amount of finished products will be classified in Sector 21, Mining. An establishment that mines whose primary output is a more finished manufactured product will be classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing. ##211 211 Oil and Gas Extraction Industries in the Oil and Gas Extraction subsector operate and/or develop oil and gas field properties. Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operating separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum and natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property. This subsector includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, and the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids. Establishments in this subsector include those that operate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a fee or contract basis, required for the drilling or operation of oil and gas wells (except geophysical surveying and mapping, mine site preparation, and construction of oil/gas pipelines) are classified in Subsector 213, Support Activities for Mining. ##2111 2111 Oil and Gas Extraction ##21111 21111 Oil and Gas Extraction This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating and/or developing oil and gas field properties and establishments primarily engaged in recovering liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. Such activities may include exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, completing, and equipping wells; operation of separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment, and field gathering lines for crude petroleum and natural gas; and all other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property. This industry includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, the production of natural gas, sulfur recovery from natural gas, and the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from oil and gas field gases. Establishments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Performing oil field services for operators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining; Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. ##211111 u 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) the exploration, development and/or the production of petroleum or natural gas from wells in which the hydrocarbons will initially flow or can be produced using normal pumping techniques or (2) the production of crude petroleum from surface shales or tar sands or from reservoirs in which the hydrocarbons are semisolids. Establishments in this industry operate oil and gas wells on their own account or for others on a contract or fee basis. Performing oil field services for operators on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining; Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. ##211112 u 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases. Establishments primarily engaged in sulfur recovery from natural gas are included in this industry. Manufacturing acyclic and cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from refined petroleum or converting refined petroleum into liquid hydrocarbons (petrochemicals) and/or recovering liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 325110, Petrochemical Manufacturing; Refining crude petroleum into refined petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons--are classified in Industry 324110, Petroleum Refineries; and Recovering helium from natural gas--are classified in Industry 325120, Industrial Gas Manufacturing. ##212 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) Industries in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector primarily engage in mining, mine site development, and beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metallic minerals and nonmetallic minerals, including coal. The term "mining" is used in the broad sense to include ore extraction, quarrying, and beneficiating (e.g., crushing, screening, washing, sizing, concentrating, and flotation), customarily done at the mine site. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, centrifugal separation, and so on. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis, distillation, and so on. However some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both stages: the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. Establishments in the Mining (except Oil and Gas) subsector include those that have complete responsibility for operating mines and quarries (except oil and gas wells) and those that operate mines and quarries (except oil and gas wells) for others on a contract or fee basis. Establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals are classified in Subsector 213, Support Activities for Mining. ##2121 2121 Coal Mining ##21211 21211 Coal Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining bituminous coal, anthracite, and lignite by underground mining, auger mining, strip mining, culm bank mining, and other surface mining; (2) developing coal mine sites; and (3) beneficiating (i.e., preparing) coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal). Manufacturing code oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in Industry 32419, Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; and Manufacturing coal products in steel mills--are classified in Industry 33111, Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing. ##212111 u 212111 Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) surface mining of bituminous coal and lignite; (2) developing bituminous coal and lignite surface mine sites; (3) surface mining and beneficiating (e.g., cleaning. washing, screening, and sizing coal) of bituminous coal; or (4) beneficiating (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal), but not mining, bituminous coal. Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal Underground Mining; and Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining. ##212112 u 212112 Bituminous Coal Underground Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) underground mining of bituminous coal; (2) developing bituminous coal underground mine sites; and (3) underground mining and beneficiating of bituminous coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal). Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; Surface mining and/or beneficiating of bituminous coal or lignite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212111, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and Mining and/or beneficiating anthracite coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212113, Anthracite Mining. ##212113 u 212113 Anthracite Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining anthracite coal; (2) developing anthracite coal mine sites; and (3) beneficiating anthracite coal (e.g., cleaning, washing, screening, and sizing coal). Manufacturing coke oven products in coke oven establishments--are classified in U.S. Industry 324199, All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; Surface mining and/or beneficiating bituminous coal or lignite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212111, Bituminous Coal and Lignite Surface Mining; and Underground mining of bituminous coal--are classified in U.S. Industry 212112, Bituminous Coal Underground Mining. ##2122 2122 Metal Ore Mining This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing mine sites or mining metallic minerals, and establishments primarily engaged in ore dressing and beneficiating (i.e., preparing) operations, such as crushing, grinding, washing, drying, sintering, concentrating, calcining, and leaching. Beneficiating may be performed at mills operated in conjunction with the mines served or at mills, such as custom mills, operated separately. ##21221 21221 Iron Ore Mining See industry description for 212210 below. ##212210 212210 Iron Ore Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) developing mine sites, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) iron ores and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their iron content and/or (2) producing sinter iron ore (except iron ore produced in iron and steel mills) and other iron ore agglomerates. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pig iron ore are classified in U.S. Industry 331111, Iron and Steel Mills. ##21222 21222 Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold and or silver content. Establishments primarily engaged in the transformation of the gold and silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold or silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining. ##212221 m 212221 Gold Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their gold content. Establishments primarily engaged in transformation of the gold into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing gold bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in U.S. Industry 331419, Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum). ##212222 m 212222 Silver Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their silver content. Establishments primarily engaged in transformation of the silver into bullion or dore bar in combination with mining activities are included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing silver bullion or dore bar without mining are classified in U.S. Industry 331419, Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum). ##21223 21223 Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content. Beneficiating includes the transformation of ores into concentrates. Refining copper concentrates--are classified in Industry 33141, Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; and Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content--are classified in Industry 212210, Iron Ore Mining. ##212231 c 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) lead ores, zinc ores, or lead-zinc ores. ##212234 u 212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in: (1) developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e, preparing) copper and/or nickel ores; and (2) recovering copper concentrates by the precipitation, leaching, or electrowinning of copper ore. Establishments primarily engaged in refining copper concentrates are classified in U.S. Industry 331411, Primary Smelting and Refining of Copper. ##21229 21229 Other Metal Ore Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc ore). Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued chiefly for their iron content--are classified in Industry 212210, Iron Ore Mining; Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content--are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining; Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and Enriching uranium--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing. ##212291 c 212291 Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) uranium-radium-vanadium ores. Establishments primarily engaged in enriching uranium are classified in U.S. Industry 325188, All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing. ##212299 c 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating (i.e., preparing) metal ores (except iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content, gold ore, silver ore, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, and uranium-radium-vanadium ore). Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating iron and manganiferous ores valued for their iron content--are classified in Industry 212210, Iron Ore Mining; Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their gold or silver content--are classified in Industry 21222, Gold Ore and Silver Ore Mining; Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating ores valued chiefly for their copper, nickel, lead, or zinc content--are classified in Industry 21223, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc Mining; and Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating uranium-radium-vanadium ores--are classified in U.S. Industry 212291, Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ore Mining. ##2123 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing mine sites, or in mining or quarrying nonmetallic minerals (except fuels). Also included are certain well and brine operations, and preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., crushing, grinding, washing, and concentrating) nonmetallic minerals. Beneficiation is the process whereby the extracted material is reduced to particles which can be separated into mineral and waste, the former suitable for further processing or direct use. The operations that take place in beneficiation are primarily mechanical, such as grinding, washing, magnetic separation, and centrifugal separation. In contrast, manufacturing operations primarily use chemical and electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis and distillation. However, some treatments, such as heat treatments, take place in both the beneficiation and the manufacturing (i.e., smelting/refining) stages. The range of preparation activities varies by mineral and the purity of any given ore deposit. While some minerals, such as petroleum and natural gas, require little or no preparation, others are washed and screened, while yet others, such as gold and silver, can be transformed into bullion before leaving the mine site. ##21231 21231 Stone Mining and Quarrying This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or quarrying dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone), or mining and quarrying crushed and broken stone and/or (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating stone (e.g., crushing, grinding, washing, screening, pulverizing, and sizing). Producing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; and Quarrying and dressing dimension stone--are classified Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing. ##212311 u 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or quarrying dimension stone (i.e., rough blocks and/or slabs of stone). Establishments primarily engaged in dressing dimension stone and manufacturing stone products are classified in U.S. Industry 327991, Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing. ##212312 u 212312 Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining or quarrying crushed and broken limestone (including related rocks, such as dolomite, cement rock, marl, travertine, and calcareous tufa); and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating limestone (e.g., grinding or pulverizing). Producing lime--are classified in Industry 327410, Lime Manufacturing; and Mining or quarrying bituminous limestone--are classified U.S. Industry 212319, Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying. ##212313 u 212313 Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, and/or mining or quarrying crushed and broken granite (including related rocks, such as gneiss, syenite, and diorite); and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating granite (e.g., grinding or pulverizing). ##212319 u 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying This U.S. industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining or quarrying crushed and broken stone (except limestone and granite); (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., grinding and pulverizing) stone (except limestone and granite); and (3) establishments primarily engaged in mining or quarrying bituminous limestone and bituminous sandstone. Mining or quarrying crushed and broken limestone--are classified in U.S. Industry 212312, Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying; and Mining or quarrying crushed and broken granite--are classified in U.S. Industry 212313, Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying. ##21232 21232 Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying This industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining, quarrying, dredging for sand and gravel, or mining clay, (e.g., china clay, paper clay and slip clay) and (2) preparation plants primarily engaged in beneficiating (e.g., washing, screening, and grinding) sand and gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals. Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) clay or refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening nonclay ceramics, clay and nonclay refractories, and structural clay products--are classified in Industry 32712, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; and Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, Ceramics and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing. ##212321 m 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating commercial grade (i.e., construction) sand and gravel pits; (2) dredging for commercial grade sand and gravel; and (3) washing, screening, or otherwise preparing commercial grade sand and gravel. Establishments primarily engaged in mining industrial grade sand are classified in U.S. Industry 212322, Industrial Sand Mining. ##212322 u 212322 Industrial Sand Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) operating industrial grade sand pits; (2) dredging for industrial grade sand; and (3) washing, screening, or otherwise preparing industrial grade sand. Establishments primarily engaged in mining commercial (i.e., construction) grade gravel are classified in U.S. Industry 212321, Construction Sand and Gravel Mining. ##212324 u 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining This U.S. industry comprises (1) establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site and/or mining kaolin or ball clay (e.g., china clay, paper clay, and slip clay) and (2) establishments primarily engaged in beneficiating (i.e., preparing) kaolin or ball clay. Establishments primarily engaged in calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) kaolin and ball clay are classified in U.S. Industry 327992, Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing. ##212325 u 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) mining clay (except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals; (2) developing the mine site for clay, ceramic, or refractory minerals; and (3) beneficiating (i.e., preparing) clay (except kaolin and ball), ceramic, or refractory minerals. Shaping, molding, baking, burning, or hardening clay and nonclay refractories, and structural clay products--are classified in Industry 32712, Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; Developing the mine site, mining, and/or beneficiating kaolin or ball clay--are classified in U.S. Industry 212324, Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; and Shaping, molding, glazing, and firing pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures--are classified in Industry 32711, Pottery, Ceramics and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing. ##21239 21239 Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic minerals (except coal, stone, sand, gravel, clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals). Mining or quarrying dimension stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying; Mining or quarrying sand, gravel, clay and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying; Calcining, dead burning, or otherwise processing (i.e., beyond basic preparation) minerals, such as talc, mica, feldspar, barite, and soapstone--are classified in Industry 32799, All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; Manufacturing boron compounds and potassium salts--are classified in Industry 32518, Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Manufacturing table salt--are classified in Industry 31194, Seasoning and Dressing Manufacturing; Manufacturing salt (except table salt)--are classified in Industry 32599, All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; and Manufacturing phosphoric acid, superphosphates, or other phosphatic fertilizer materials--are classified in Industry 32531, Fertilizer Manufacturing. ##212391 u 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling, or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds. Drylake brine operations are included in this industry, as well as establishments engaged in producing the specified minerals from underground and open pit mines. Manufacturing boron compounds and potassium salts--are classified in U.S. Industry 325188, All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Manufacturing sodium carbonate--are classified in U.S. Industry 325181, Alkalies and Chlorine Manufacturing; and Manufacturing table salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing. ##212392 u 212392 Phosphate Rock Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) phosphate rock. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing phosphoric acid, superphosphates, or other phosphatic fertilizer materials are classified in U.S. Industry 325312, Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing. ##212393 u 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining, milling, and/or drying or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) chemical or fertilizer mineral raw materials (except potash, soda, boron, and phosphate rock). Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating natural potassium, sodium, or boron compounds--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; Manufacturing industrial salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 325998, All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; Mining, milling, drying, and/or sintering or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. Industry 212392, Phosphate Rock Mining; and Manufacturing table salt--are classified in U.S. Industry 311942, Spice and Extract Manufacturing. ##212399 u 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in developing the mine site, mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating (i.e., preparing) nonmetallic minerals (except stone, sand, gravel, clay, ceramic, refractory minerals, chemical and fertilizer minerals). Mining or quarrying dimension stone--are classified in Industry 21231, Stone Mining and Quarrying; Mining, quarrying, or beneficiating sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals--are classified in Industry 21232, Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining and Quarrying; Mining, quarrying or beneficiating natural potash, soda, and borate--are classified in U.S. Industry 212391, Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; and Mining and/or milling or otherwise beneficiating phosphate rock--are classified in U.S. Industry 212392, Phosphate Rock Mining. ##213 213 Support Activities for Mining Industries in the Support Activities for Mining subsector group establishments primarily providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and for the extraction of oil and gas. Establishments performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for minerals, on a contract or fee basis, are included in this subsector. Exploration includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. The activities performed on a contract or fee basis by establishments in the Support Activities for Mining subsector are also often performed in-house by mining operators. These activities include: taking core samples, making geological observations at prospective sites, excavating slush pits and cellars, and such oil and gas operations as spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, directional drilling, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells. ##2131 2131 Support Activities for Mining ##21311 21311 Support Activities for Mining This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support services, on a contract or fee basis, required for the mining and quarrying of minerals and for the extraction of oil and gas. Drilling, taking core samples, and making geological observations at prospective sites (except geophysical surveying and mapping) for minerals, on a contract or fee basis, is included in this industry. Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for minerals (i.e., coal, metal ores, oil and gas, and nonmetallic minerals) on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Mining, quarrying, and/or beneficiating on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 212, Mining (except Oil and Gas) based on the mineral mined; and Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 211, Oil and Gas Extraction based on the activity. ##213111 213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drilling oil and gas wells for others on a contract or fee basis. This industry includes contractors that specialize in spudding in, drilling in, redrilling, and directional drilling. Performing exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping) services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; and Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services. ##213112 u 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in performing support activities on a contract or fee basis for oil and gas operations (except site preparation and related construction activities). Services included are exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping); excavating slush pits and cellars, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes, and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells. Contract drilling for oil and gas--are classified in U.S. Industry 213111, Drilling Oil and Gas Wells; Operating oil and gas field properties on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Subsector 211, Oil and Gas Extraction, based on the activity; Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for oil and gas on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Oil and gas pipeline and related structures construction--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; and Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. ##213113 u 213113 Support Activities for Coal Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities for coal mining (except site preparation and related construction activities) on a contract or fee basis. Exploration for coal is included in this industry. Exploration includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for coal on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Operating coal mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 2121, Coal Mining, based on the type of coal mined; and Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. ##213114 u 213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities (except site preparation and related construction activities) on a contract or fee basis for the mining and quarrying of metallic minerals and for the extraction of metal ores. Exploration for minerals is included in this industry. Exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping services) includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for metallic minerals on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Operating metallic mineral mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 2122, Metal Ore Mining, based on the type of ore mined; and Site preparation and related construction activities on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. ##213115 u 213115 Support Activities for Nonmetallic Minerals (except Fuels) Mining This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing support activities, on a fee or contract basis, for the mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals (except fuel) and for the extraction of nonmetallic minerals (except site preparation and related construction activities). Exploration for minerals is included in this industry. Exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping services) includes traditional prospecting methods, such as taking core samples and making geological observations at prospective sites. Performing geophysical surveying and mapping services for nonmetallic minerals on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry 541360, Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Operating nonmetallic mineral mines or quarries on a contract or fee basis--are classified in Industry Group 2123, Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying, based on the type of mineral mined or quarried; and Site preparation and related construction activities--are classified in Industry 238910, Site Preparation Contractors. ##22 22 Utilities The Sector as a Whole The Utilities sector comprises establishments engaged in the provision of the following utility services: electric power, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sewage removal. Within this sector, the specific activities associated with the utility services provided vary by utility: electric power includes generation, transmission, and distribution; natural gas includes distribution; steam supply includes provision and/or distribution; water supply includes treatment and distribution; and sewage removal includes collection, treatment, and disposal of waste through sewer systems and sewage treatment facilities. Excluded from this sector are establishments primarily engaged in waste management services classified in Subsector 562, Waste Management and Remediation Services. These establishments also collect, treat, and dispose of waste materials; however, they do not use sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities. ##221 c 221 Utilities Industries in the Utilities subsector provide electric power, natural gas, steam supply, water supply, and sewage removal through a permanent infrastructure of lines, mains, and pipes. Establishments are grouped together based on the utility service provided and the particular system or facilities required to perform the service. ##2211 2211 Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in generating, transmitting, and/or distributing electric power. Establishments in this industry group may perform one or more of the following activities: (1) operate generation facilities that produce electric energy; (2) operate transmission systems that convey the electricity from the generation facility to the distribution system; and (3) operate distribution systems that convey electric power received from the generation facility or the transmission system to the final consumer. ##22111c 22111 Electric Power Generation This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities. These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as water power (i.e., hydroelectric), fossil fuels, nuclear power, and solar power, into electrical energy. The establishments in this industry produce electric energy and provide electricity to transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Establishments primarily engaged in operating trash incinerators that also generate electricity are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal. ##221111 c 221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating hydroelectric power generation facilities. These facilities use water power to drive a turbine and produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishment is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. ##221112 c 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities. These facilities use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion turbine conventional steam process to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments are provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. ##221113 c 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating nuclear electric power generation facilities. These facilities use nuclear power to produce electric energy. The electric energy produced in these establishments are provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. ##221119 c 221119 Other Electric Power Generation This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power generation facilities (except hydroelectric, fossil fuel, nuclear). These facilities convert other forms of energy, such as solar, wind, or tidal power, into electrical energy. The electric energy produced in these establishment is provided to electric power transmission systems or to electric power distribution systems. Operating trash disposal incinerators that also generate electricity--are classified in U.S. Industry 562213, Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; Operating hydroelectric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221111, Hydroelectric Power Generation; Operating fossil fuel powered electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221112, Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; and Operating nuclear electric power generation facilities--are classified in U.S. Industry 221113, Nuclear Electric Power Generation. ##22112c 22112 Electric Power Transmission, Control, and Distribution This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems, controlling (i.e., regulating voltages) the transmission of electricity, and/or distributing electricity. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations. These establishments arrange, facilitate, or coordinate the transmission of electricity from the generating source to the distribution centers, other electric utilities, or final consumers. The distribution system consists of lines, poles, meters, and wiring that deliver the electricity to final consumers. Establishments primarily engaged in generating electric energy are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation. ##221121 c 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating electric power transmission systems and/or controlling (i.e., regulatory voltage) the transmission of electricity from the generating source to distribution centers or other electric utilities. The transmission system includes lines and transformer stations. Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and Distributing electricity to final consumers--are classified in U.S. Industry 221122, Electric Power Distribution. ##221122 c 221122 Electric Power Distribution This U.S. industry comprises electric power establishments primarily engaged in either (1) operating electric power distribution systems (i.e., consisting of lines, poles, meters, and wiring) or (2) operating as electric power brokers or agents that arrange the sale of electricity via power distribution systems operated by others. Generating electric energy--are classified in Industry 22111, Electric Power Generation; and Transmitting electricity between generating sources or distribution centers--are classified in U.S. Industry 221121, Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control. ##2212 c 2212 Natural Gas Distribution ##22121c 22121 Natural Gas Distribution See industry description for 221210 below. ##221210 c 221210 Natural Gas Distribution This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily engaged in operating gas distribution systems (e.g., mains, meters); (2) establishments known as gas marketers that buy gas from the well and sell it to a distribution system; (3) establishments known as gas brokers or agents that arrange the sale of gas over gas distribution systems operated by others; and (4) establishments primarily engaged in transmitting and distributing gas to final consumers. Pipeline transportation of natural gas from process plants to local distribution systems--are classified in Industry 486210, Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; and Retailing liquified petroleum (LP) gas via direct selling--are classified in U.S. Industry 454312, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Bottled Gas) Dealers. ##2213 c 2213 Water, Sewage and Other Systems ##22131c 22131 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems See industry description for 221310 below. ##221310 c 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating water treatment plants and/or operating water supply systems. The water supply system may include pumping stations, aqueducts, and/or distribution mains. The water may be used for drinking, irrigation, or other uses. ##22132c 22132 Sewage Treatment Facilities See industry description for 221320 below. ##221320 c 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities that collect, treat, and dispose of waste. Operating waste treatment or disposal facilities (except sewer systems or sewage treatment facilities)--are classified in Industry 56221, Waste Treatment and Disposal; Pumping (i.e., cleaning) septic tanks and cesspools--are classified in U.S. Industry 562991, Septic Tank and Related Services; and Cleaning and rodding sewers and catch basins--are classified in U.S. Industry 562998, All Other Miscellaneous Waste Management Services. ##22133c 22133 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply See industry description for 221330 below. ##221330 c 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in providing steam, heated air, or cooled air. The steam distribution may be through mains. ##23 23 Construction The Sector as a Whole The construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale as building sites also are included in this sector. Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities for establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts). Establishments primarily engaged in contracts that include responsibility for all aspects of individual construction projects are commonly known as general contractors, but also may be known as design-builders, construction managers, turnkey contractors, or (in cases where two or more establishments jointly secure a general contract) joint-venture contractors. Construction managers that provide oversight and scheduling only (i.e., agency) as well as construction managers that are responsible for the entire project (i.e., at risk) are included as general contractor type establishments. Establishments of the "general contractor type" frequently arrange construction of separate parts of their projects through subcontracts with other construction establishments. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to produce a specific component (e.g., masonry, painting, and electrical work) of a construction project are commonly known as specialty trade contractors. Activities of specialty trade contractors are usually subcontracted from other construction establishments but, especially in remodeling and repair construction, the work may be done directly for the owner of the property. Establishments primarily engaged in activities to construct buildings to be sold on sites that they own are known as operative builders, but also may be known as speculative builders or merchant builders. Operative builders produce buildings in a manner similar to general contractors, but their production processes also include site acquisition and securing of financial backing. Operative builders are most often associated with the construction of residential buildings. Like general contractors, they may subcontract all or part of the actual construction work on their buildings. There are substantial differences in the types of equipment, work force skills, and other inputs required by establishments in this sector. To highlight these differences and variations in the underlying production functions, this sector is divided into three subsectors. Subsector 236, Construction of Buildings, comprises establishments of the general contractor type and operative builders involved in the construction of buildings. Subsector 237, Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction, comprises establishments involved in the construction of engineering projects. Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors, comprises establishments engaged in specialty trade activities generally needed in the construction of all types of buildings. Force account construction is construction work performed by an enterprise primarily engaged in some business other than construction for its own account and use, using employees of the enterprise. This activity is not included in the construction sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise. The installation and the ongoing repair and maintenance of telecommunications and utility networks is excluded from construction when the establishments performing the work are not independent contractors. Although a growing proportion of this work is subcontracted to independent contractors in the Construction Sector, the operating units of telecommunications and utility companies performing this work are included with the telecommunications or utility activities. ##236 236 Construction of Buildings The Construction of Buildings subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction of buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. The on-site assembly of precut, panelized, and prefabricated buildings and construction of temporary buildings are included in this subsector. Part or all of the production work for which the establishments in this sector have responsibility may be subcontracted to other construction establishments usually specialty trade contractors. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of buildings they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. ##2361 2361 Residential Building Construction ##23611 23611 Residential Building Construction This Industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction or remodeling and renovation of single-family and multifamily residential buildings. Included in this industry are residential housing general contractors (i.e., new construction, remodeling or renovating existing residential structures), operative builders and remodelers of residential structures, residential project construction management firms, and residential design-build firms. Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; Performing manufactured (mobile) home setup and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. ##236115 u 236115 New Single-Family Housing Construction (except Operative Builders) This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction of new single-family housing, such as single-family detached houses and town houses or row houses where each housing unit (1) is separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall and (2) has no housing units constructed above or below. This industry includes general contractors responsible for the on-site assembly of modular and prefabricated houses. Single-family housing design-build firms and single-family construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry. Building single-family houses on their own account for sale as operative or speculative builders--are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing Operative Builders; Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers; Performing manufactured (mobile) home setup and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 238990, All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; Performing specialized construction work on houses and other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. ##236116 u 236116 New Multifamily Housing Construction (except Operative Builders) This U.S. industry comprises general contractor establishments responsible for the construction of new multifamily residential housing units (e.g., high-rise, garden, and town house apartments and condominiums where each unit is not separated from its neighbors by a ground-to-roof wall). Multifamily design-build firms and multifamily housing construction management firms acting as general contractors are included in this industry. Building multifamily buildings on their own account for sale as operative or speculative builders--are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing Operative Builders; Remodeling or repairing existing multifamily housing and other residential buildings--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers; Performing specialized construction work on multifamily housing and other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. ##236117 u 236117 New Housing Operative Builders This U.S. industry comprises operative builders primarily responsible for the entire construction of new houses and other residential buildings, single-family and multifamily, on their own account for sale. Operative builders are also known as speculative or merchant builders. Building single-family houses for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except Operative Builders); Building multifamily residential buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Construction (except Operative Builders); Remodeling or repairing existing houses and other residential buildings, either for others or on own account for sale--are classified in U.S. Industry 236118, Residential Remodelers; Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. ##236118 u 236118 Residential Remodelers This U.S. industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the remodeling construction (including additions, alterations, reconstruction, maintenance and repair work) of houses and other residential buildings, single-family and multifamily. Included in this industry are remodeling general contractors, operative remodelers, remodeling design-build firms, and remodeling project construction management firms. Building single-family houses for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236115, New Single-Family Housing Construction (except Operative Builders); Building multifamily buildings for others as general contractors--are classified in U.S. Industry 236116, New Multifamily Housing Construction (except Operative Builders); Building houses or other residential buildings, on their own account for sale as operative or speculative builders--are classified in U.S. Industry 236117, New Housing Operative Builders; Remodeling nonresidential buildings--are classified in Industry Group 2362, Nonresidential Building Construction, based on the type of structure being remodeled; Performing specialized construction work on houses or other residential buildings generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing and leasing residential buildings on their own account--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings. ##2362 2362 Nonresidential Building Construction This industry group comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of nonresidential buildings. This industry group includes nonresidential general contractors, nonresidential operative builders, nonresidential design-build firms, and nonresidential project construction management firms. ##23621 23621 Industrial Building Construction See industry description for 236210 below. ##236210 c 236210 Industrial Building Construction This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of industrial buildings (except warehouses). The construction of selected additional structures, whose production processes are similar to those for industrial buildings (e.g., incinerators, cement plants, blast furnaces, and similar nonbuilding structures), is included in this industry. Included in this industry are industrial building general contractors, industrial building operative builders, industrial building design-build firms, and industrial building construction management firms. Constructing oil refineries and petrochemical plant--are classified in Industry 237120, Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction; Constructing water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and pumping stations for water and sewer systems--are classified in Industry 237110, Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Constructing power generation plants (except hydroelectric)--are classified in Industry 237130, Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Constructing industrial warehouses--are classified in Industry 236220, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; and Performing specialized construction work on industrial buildings, generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. ##23622 23622 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction See industry description for 236220 below. ##236220 c 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the construction (including new work, additions, alterations, maintenance, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming pools. This industry includes establishments responsible for the on-site assembly of modular or prefabricated commercial and institutional buildings. Included in this industry are commercial and institutional building general contractors, commercial and institutional building operative builders, commercial and institutional building design-build firms, and commercial and institutional building project construction management firms. Constructing structures that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations) or are used to produce products for these systems (e.g., power plants, refineries)--are classified in Industry Group 2371, Utility System Construction, based on type of construction project; Performing specialized construction work on commercial and institutional buildings generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors; and Constructing buildings on their own account for rent or lease--are classified in Industry Group 5311, Lessors of Real Estate. ##237 237 Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction The Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction subsector comprises establishments whose primary activity is the construction of entire engineering projects (e.g., highways and dams), and specialty trade contractors, whose primary activity is the production of a specific component for such projects. Specialty trade contractors in Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction generally are performing activities that are specific to heavy and civil engineering construction projects and are not normally performed on buildings. The work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Specialty trade activities are classified in this subsector if the skills and equipment present are specific to heavy or civil engineering construction projects. For example, specialized equipment is needed to paint lines on highways. This equipment is not normally used in building applications so the activity is classified in this subsector. Traffic signal installation, while specific to highways, uses much of the same skills and equipment that are needed for electrical work in building projects and is therefore classified in Subsector 238, Specialty Trade Contractors. Construction projects involving water resources (e.g., dredging and land drainage) and projects involving open space improvement (e.g., parks and trails) are included in this subsector. Establishments whose primary activity is the subdivision of land into individual building lots usually perform various additional site-improvement activities (e.g., road building and utility line installation) and are included in this subsector. Establishments in this subsector are classified based on the types of structures that they construct. This classification reflects variations in the requirements of the underlying production processes. ##2371 2371 Utility System Construction This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of distribution lines and related buildings and structures for utilities (i.e., water, sewer, petroleum, gas, power, and communication). All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of utility systems (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, power plants, and refineries) are included in this industry group. ##23711 23711 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction See industry description for 237110 below. ##237110 c 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer lines, mains, pumping stations, treatment plants and storage tanks. The work performed may include new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and repairs. Specialty trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to water and sewer line and related structures construction. All structures (including buildings) that are integral parts of water and sewer networks (e.g., storage tanks, pumping stations, water treatment plants, and sewage treatment plants) are included in this industry. Establishments primarily engaged in constructing marine facilities (e.g., ports), flood control structures, dams, or hydroelectric power generation facilities are classified in Industry 237990, Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction. ##23712 23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construct