Special Considerations (explains caveats, restrictions in applicability, or other useful information)

No

Examples:
• Federal Government - Federal Aviation Administration.

• State governments - Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport (a Maryland state government dependent agency).

• Local governments - Washington Dulles International Airport in Loudoun County, Virginia (operated by a special district government, the Washington Metropolitan Airports Authority), Tucson Airport Authority (dependent agency of Tucson, Arizona).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. Includes publicly-owned airports, even if no scheduled airlines service it, or if its clientele consists of only private pilots and aircraft.

2. For leased facilities include government's expenditures and employees and exclude the lessees' expenditures and contractual employment.

Local

Examples: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the only Federal

agency whose employees and activity are included at this function.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This function applies only to the Federal Government.

Local

Includes: For institutional activities, includes prisons; reformatories; jails; houses of corrections; penitentiaries; correctional farms; workhouses; reception centers; diagnostic centers; industrial schools; training schools; detention centers; multi-institutional programs and administration; education, training, and health care programs devoted to inmates; hospitals for the criminally insane IF operated by a corrections agency; and these types of facilities IF residential: work release units, halfway houses, and community corrections centers.

For non-institutional activities, includes probation offices, whether operated by courts or correctional agencies, boards of parole, boards of pardon, and the like; noninstitutional activities such as administration of a correctional agency, training of correctional employees, and nonresidential halfway houses and community corrections centers.

Examples:
• Federal Government - Federal prison system.

• State governments - State departments of correction, boards of pardon and parole.

• Local governments - Note that cities in Texas and California do not operate correctional

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This is the only "corrections" function for employment statistics and therefore includes both institutional and other corrections. This differs from the government finance statistics, which has two functions for corrections (Correctional Institutions, code *04 and Other Corrections, code *05).

Local

• The military services, National Guard and Reserves forces, intelligence agencies, defense research and evaluation, atomic energy defense research, development, and production.

• Conduct of diplomatic and consular relations, and international communication, education, and cultural activities.

Examples: See above. Comprises primarily the departments of Defense, Energy (part), and State, as well as such agencies as U.S. Information Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, Agency for International Development (AID), Peace Corps, Export-Import Bank and International Monetary Fund, and the Foreign Agriculture Service (part of U.S. Department of Agriculture).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. This function applies solely to the Federal Government. Report related state or local government activities at Other and Unallocable, code 89.

2. Report military service academies, such as West Point, here rather than at Education, code 21.

Local

Examples:
• State governments - Employees of Patterson City School District, under temporary state control; elementary and secondary education employees in Hawaii, where the state government operates the sole school system.

• Local governments - Employees of the Los Angeles Unified School District (an independent local government); elementary and secondary education employees of the New York City School System (classified as a dependent agency of New York City).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics Employees - Education Services

Special Considerations:
1. Employment statistics at code 12 represent the sum of the eight sub-categories.

2. Includes charter schools offering elementary and secondary education, if they have been classified as in-scope for the Census of Governments.

3. Includes employees of Education Service Agencies and Regional Occupational Programs, whether independent or dependent on other school districts.

4. As noted under examples, state government statistics can include local school systems or districts that have been taken over by the state temporarily, for oversight purposes, whether by administrative action or by court order.

5. The state of Hawaii operates both public elementary and secondary schools, as well as public libraries. The latter are reported at Libraries, code 52, for Census Bureau statistics on public employment, but financial activity for the library is reported as part of the elementary and secondary school activity at code *12.

Local

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. The former cabinet-level Post Office Department became an independent Federal corporation and was renamed the U.S. Postal Service on July 1, 1971, as a result of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-375).

2. Report USPS criminal and fraud investigation activity here, rather than at Police Protection, code 62.

Local

Examples: State governments - State University of New York (SUNY) system, including all graduate programs, four-year universities, and colleges (dependent agencies of the state of New York).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Code 018. Instructional Employees
Code 016. Other Higher Education Employees

Special Considerations:
1. Report employment data for the instructional staff only of university hospitals and agricultural experiment stations here. Note that this classification differs slightly from that used in the Census Bureau's statistics on government finance.

2. For the University of California system, report the Department of Energy employees at Other and Unallocable, code 89, rather than here.

Local

Examples:
• Federal Government - Includes Department of Education and the National Science Foundation, plus parts of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• State governments - Includes boards of governors of the state college/university systems,
school finance authorities, educational facilities authorities, and commissions on higher education. State institutions in support of education for handicapped, such as the Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. For Census Bureau statistics on employment, this function applies only to Federal and state governments.

Local

Excludes: Employees in support of similar services that can be classified at a specific function.
• Administration of public employee retirement, workers compensation, or miscellaneous insurance trusts (report at Financial Administration, code 23).

• Activities funded by the Workforce Investment Act - WIA (formerly the Federal Job Training Partnership Act - JTPA), or monies channeled through public employment offices (report at specific function being financed).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. This function applies to Washington, DC.

2. This function is titled Employment Security Administration when applied just to state and local governments.

Local

• Tax administration, assessment, billing, and collection, as well as other revenue collection activities like tax sales, tax litigation, and charges of depositories.

• State supervision of local government finances.

• Management of debt and of investments (including that of own utilities).

• Employees engaged in administration of employee-retirement, workers' compensation, and state other insurance trust funds.

• Licensing and tax collection activities of motor vehicle departments, and other distinctive tax collection activities of regulatory agencies.

• Staff of central data processing centers.

Examples: • Federal Government - Employees of the Federal Reserve System, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, U.S. Mint, and Internal Revenue Service (Department of the Treasury).

• State governments - Arkansas Information Technology and Arizona State Board of Equalization.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
By definition, this function covers central offices and excludes internal financial management activities of functional agencies (report at function of agency involved). Therefore, it cannot apply to specialized government units - special districts (type 4) and school districts (type 5).

Local

Prevention, avoidance, and suppression of fires and provision of ambulance, medical, rescue, or auxiliary services provided by fire protection agencies.

Examples: Local governments - Employees of the Fire Department of New York City (a dependent agency of the city of New York).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Code 024. Firefighters
Code 124. Other Fire Protection Employees - Includes ambulance and medical rescue that operate as a part of the fire department.

Special Considerations:
1. For 2005, this function was renamed Local Fire Protection. This is a change in title only, as this function has never applied to the Federal or state governments. State government data are reported at Other and Unallocable, code 89, except forest fire protection and suppression as described under the exclusions above.

2. Effective with 1988 data, the treatment of ambulance and emergency medical services was clarified to include it here only if handled by a fire protection agency.

3. Classify volunteer fire fighters remunerated on a "per fire" or other such basis as part-time employees. Unpaid volunteer firefighters are excluded from coverage, by definition.

Local

Examples:
• Federal Government - U.S. Supreme Court and activities of the nine judicial circuits of the Federal appeals courts.

• State governments - Supreme Court of California and State Courts of Appeal.

• Local governments - Superior Courts in California, classified as county agencies, except for San Francisco (city).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Exclude from employment data private attorneys on retainer and court-appointed private counsel.

Local

• U.S. Congress; state legislatures; research and investigative agencies and committees directly responsible to these legislative bodies.

• For local governments, includes city or county council, board of supervisors, and so forth. Excludes: Exclusions generally involve activities that fit into specific functional categories.

• Planning activities limited to a specific function and internal control or administrative activities of functional agencies (report at function of agency involved)

• Central finance agencies and data processing (report at Financial Administration, code 23).

• Clerk of court and other judicial recording activities (report at Judicial and Legal, code 25).

• Conduct of elections (report at Other and Unallocable, code 89).

For legislative activities, exclude agencies within the legislative branch operating autonomously and having a specific function (e.g., report U.S. Library of Congress at Libraries, code 52, and the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) at Financial Administrative, code 23).

Examples: See above.

• Federal Government - Includes the U.S. Congress and its staff/committee activities.

• State governments - Include offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, as well as the Secretary of State.

• Local governments- Includes offices of the aldermen, commissioners, mayors, county or city managers, human resources, and zoning.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
For Census Bureau statistics on employment, this function includes legislative employees at the Federal, state, and local level. Thus this function differs slightly from coverage in the Census Bureau's government finance statistics, where it excludes federal and state legislative activity.

Local

1. Examination and licensing of related professions - e.g., doctors and nurses (report at Other and Unallocable, code 89).

2. Operation or construction of nursing homes (report at Public Welfare, code 79).

3. Vocational rehabilitation (report at Education, codes 18 and 21).

Examples:
• Federal Government - includes the Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental

Protection Agency.

• State governments - includes general health activities, public health administration, laboratories, public education, vital statistics, research, alcohol and drug abuse prevention/rehabilitation and other general health. Includes categorical health activities - control of cancer, TB, socially transmitted diseases, mental illness, etc. and maternal activities under Federal W.I.C. program - Women, Infants, and Children, and child health care. Also includes emissions control activities.

• Local governments

- Health related inspections - Inspection of restaurants, water supplies, food handlers, nursing homes, agricultural standards or protection of agricultural products from disease.

- Community health care programs - Community and visiting nurses; immunization programs; out-patient health clinics.

- Regulation of air and water quality - Sanitary engineering and other environmental activities

- Animal control - General animal control plus rabies control, abatement of mosquitoes, rodents, and other vermin.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Effective in 1988, the Census Bureau clarified the classification of nursing homes at Public Welfare (except inspection of such homes) and of ambulance services at Health only if such service is not organized under a fire department.

Local

• Institutions for the custody, treatment, or general care of the mentally insane, or emotionally disturbed.

• TB sanatoria.

• Maternity and children hospitals.

• Orthopedic hospitals.

• Hospitals for chronic diseases.

• Institutions for care and treatment of blind, deaf, developmentally disabled, or other special classes of handicap.

• Hospitals associated with university medical schools (including paid student help).

• Nursing homes (or other welfare institutions) not directly associated with a public hospital (report at Public Welfare, code 79).

• Infirmaries serving particular institutions, like college infirmaries and prison hospitals (report at function involved).

• Hospitals for criminally insane operated by corrections agency (report at Corrections, code 05).

• Medical school hospital instructional staff (use Other Higher Education, code 18).

• State schools for the blind, visually impaired, deaf, or other handicap (report at Other Education, code 21).

Examples:
• State governments - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - HCSD.

• Local governments - Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan (a dependent agency of the city government); King County Hospital District, state of Washington (classified as a special district government).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
For purposes of dissemination, public employment uses code 40 to report hospital employees and payroll, for most public use files.

Local

Examples:
• Federal Government - Bay Pines VA Medical Center, St. Petersburg, Florida (includes inpatient and outpatient treatment).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This function applies solely to the Federal Government; report employees of state-operated veterans hospitals at Hospitals, code 36.

Local

• Snow and ice removal and application of salt and sand (including that by sanitation or street cleaning agencies, if identifiable).

• Street or highway lighting and traffic signals.

• Highway and traffic design, and engineering IF handled by public works or highways agency.

• Operations of ferries (toll and nontoll) and drawspans (including toll takers).

• Construction and maintenance of such highway-related items as curbs, gutters, crosswalks, grade separations, trestles, railroad crossings, and storm drains integral to highway projects.

• Patrol or policing of streets and highways and traffic control activities of police or public safety agencies (report at Police Protection, code 62).

• Street cleaning activities (report at Solid Waste Management, code 81).

• Local public parking facilities or meters (report at Other, code 89).

• Operation of water transport and terminal facilities (use Sea and Inland Port Facilities, code 87).

• Roads and walkways within parks and maintained by a park agency (report at Parks and Recreation, code 61).

Examples:
• Federal Government - Most employees of the Federal Highway Administration (part of the Department of Transportation), including those involved in Highway Trust Fund grant administration.

• State governments - Employees engaged in oversight, maintenance, and toll operations of the New York State Thruway.

• Local governments - Highway and bridge operations of special district governments such as the Delaware River and Bay Authority and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Report employment data for toll highways, toll ferries, and so forth, here. There is no separate Toll Highway function in the Census Bureau's statistics on government employment.

Local

• Community development - Urban renewal and slum clearance; redevelopment and rehabilitation of substandard or deteriorated facilities and areas; rural redevelopment; and revitalization of commercial areas.

Examples: Local governments - Employees funded by Federal grants for housing code enforcement activity. Minneapolis Public Housing Authority, classified as a special district government serving the Minneapolis, MN area.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
The emphasis of this function is on physical plant - its construction, provision, improvement, financing, and the operation of public housing facilities. Activities that directly aid homeowners or renters themselves (e.g., housing expense relief) generally fall under Public Welfare, code 79.

Local

• Law libraries (report at Judicial and Legal, code 25).

• Libraries operated by school systems - elementary, secondary, or higher education - primarily for the benefit of students and teachers (report at Education, codes 12 and 18).

• Specialized libraries which do not serve the general public, such as a medical library of a university hospital (report at the function involved).

Examples:
• Federal Government - Library of Congress.
• State governments - Hawaii Public Schools Library (see note below).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
At the state level, this function applies only to the State of Hawaii.

Local

Examples:
• Federal Government - Includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce) and the U.S. Geological Survey (Department of the Interior).

• State and local governments - Includes inspectors of agricultural products and livestock.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This is the only Natural Resources function applicable to the Census Bureau's statistics on government employment. In contrast, there are multiple "Natural Resource" functions applicable to Federal, state, and local governments in the Census Bureau's statistics on government finances.

Local

Examples:
• Federal Government - Smithsonian Institution and National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

• State governments - State park authorities such as the Virginia State Parks, a division of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.

• Local governments - Maryland National Capitol Parks and Planning Commission (a joint dependent agency of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties, Maryland).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This function applies solely to the Federal Government; report employees of state-operated veterans hospitals at Hospitals, code 36.

Local

• Temporary "lockups" and transporting criminals.

• Police communications and radios services.

• For state and local governments, report park rangers at Parks and Recreation, code 61, fish and game wardens at Natural Resources, code 59, campus police at Higher Education, code 18, transit police at Public Mass Transit Systems, code 94, and so forth. This function also excludes law enforcement employees of legal offices (report at Judicial and Legal, code 25); traffic control and engineering performed by non-police agencies (report at Highways, code 44); police jails that hold people beyond arraignment (report at Corrections, code 05); civil or bailiff activities of sheriff offices (use Judicial and Legal, code 25).

Examples:
• Federal Government - Includes the U.S. Department of Justice agencies of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); the Department of Homeland Security agencies U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration (TSA), U.S. Secret Service (parts of the Department of Homeland Security), ement activities of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. and law enforc

• State governments - Includes employees of the California Highway Patrol.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Code 062. Police Officers - Police employees with power of arrest
Code 162. Other Police Protection Employees - Includes school crossing guards (as part-time employees only).

Special Considerations:
Effective with 1988 data, the treatment of traffic control and engineering and liquor control

enforcement were clarified to include them here only if handled by a police agency.

.

Local

• Employees engaged in programs where benefits are not contingent upon need.

• Public defenders and indigent legal defense (report at Judicial and Legal, code 25).

• Health and hospital employees providing care to needy or homeless through government's own hospitals or health agencies (report at appropriate Health, code 32, or Hospitals, codes 36 and 37, functions).

Examples:
Federal Government - Includes employees involved in administering Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This is the only Public Welfare function applicable to the Census Bureau's statistics on government employment. In contrast, there are multiple "Public Welfare" functions applicable to Federal, state, and local governments in the Census Bureau's statistics on government finances.

.

Local

Examples:
• State governments - Narragansett Bay Water Quality Management, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.

• Local governments - Buffalo Sewer Authority (a municipal sewerage department), as well as special district water and sewer districts.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. For combined water supply and sewer systems, include segregable amounts related to sewage collection and disposal here and Water Supply activities at code 91.

Local

Examples: Local governments - Employees of landfills and recycling centers, such as the Prince William County Sanitary Landfill, a dependent agency of Prince William County, Virginia.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. The rationale for including at this function waste or resource recovery facilities that co-generate gas or electricity is that their primary purpose is disposing of wastes.

Local

Examples:
• State governments - Pennsylvania Port Authority or the Port of New Orleans (Louisiana), which are both dependent agencies of their respective state governments.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. This category is devoted to commercial water transportation and terminals rather than the provision of water-related activities and facilities for pleasure or recreation.

2. For leased facilities include only the government's own employees and exclude the lessees' contractual employees.

3. For the Federal Government, this function included the former Panama Canal Commission in the historical time series.

Local

Miscellaneous commercial activities (Miscellaneous Commercial Activities, NEC, finance code *03).
General Public Buildings (General Public Buildings, finance code *31).
Parking Facilities (Parking Facilities, finance code *60).
Protective Inspection and Regulation, NEC (Protective Inspection and Regulation, NEC, finance code *66).
Federal and State Veterans Services (Federal and State Veterans' Services, finance code *85).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. Note that there are functions applicable only to Census Bureau statistics on government finances that are not listed in the "Includes" section above. These almost never involve employment, but rather are intended to cover activities involving large amounts of expenditure (e.g. General Local Government Support, code *30, used to classify state financial aid programs for their local governments).

2. In tabular presentations involving employment statistics, "Other and Unallocable" will vary in meaning depending on the level of functional detail in table.

Local

Examples: State governments - West Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Administration, which controls the wholesale distribution of alcoholic beverages in that state.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
This function applies solely to the Federal Government; report employees of state-operated veterans hospitals at Hospitals, code 36.

Local

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
1. Pertains only to systems owned and operated by a government.

2. For combined water-sewer systems, include segregable employment related to water supply here (report Sewerage activities at code 80).

Local

• Activities not directly related to utility operations, such as administration of utility debt or investments (report at Financial Administration, code 23).

• Waste or resource recovery facilities which cogenerate electricity as a by-product (report at Solid Waste Management, code 81).

Examples: State governments - Power Authority of the State of New York, which operates the hydroelectric generating facility in Niagara County, New York.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Relates only to systems owned and operated by a government, or managed by private contractor where government maintains day-to-day financial oversight (e.g., by directly paying utility employees).

Local

• Activities not directly related to utility operations, such as administration of utility debt or investments (report at Financial Administration, code 23).

• Waste or resource recovery facilities which cogenerate gas as a by-product (report at Solid Waste Management, code 81).

Examples: Local governments - Southeast Alabama Natural Gas District (classified as a special district government and serving southeastern Alabama).

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Relates only to systems owned and operated by a government or managed by private contractor when government maintains day-to-day financial oversight (e.g., by directly paying utility employees).

Local

• Ferries (report at Highways, code 44).

• Systems exclusively for handicapped or senior citizens (report at Public Welfare, code 79).

• Employees of systems owned but operated under private contract without financial oversight.

• Activities not directly related to utility operation, such as administration of utility debt (report at Financial Administration, code 23).

Examples:
• State governments - Long Island Railroad, a component of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority serving the New York City area, which is a dependent agency of New York State.

• Local governments - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, a special district government serving Washington, DC and parts of Maryland and Virginia.

Sub-Categories for Employment Statistics

Special Considerations:
Relates only to systems owned and operated by a government or managed by private contractor when government maintains day-to-day financial oversight (e.g., by directly paying utility employees).

Local

This table lists all the functions for classifying public employment statistics, arranged
by the groups used for their publication. It contains the relevant function(s) that apply to finance statistics, including multiples where applicable. However, the list of finance
functions is not designed to be complete - there are other finance functions with no corresponding employment code (see Chapter 5 for complete descriptions). Selected sub-functions apply only to employment statistics.

Relevant finance functions

Employment
sub-codes only

    Higher Education

       Unallocable

   Libraries

   Public Welfare

   Health

  Social Insurance Administration

Transportation:

  Highways

51,53,55,56,57,58,59

  Other and Unallocable (functions not listed elsewhere)

LIQUOR STORES (State Governments Only)

Table 12.2
Applicability of Employment Function Codes, by Level and Type of Government

Special
Districts

Key:

X

Valid

Not a valid code for the level or type of government indicated (there are no statistics).

Notes:
¹Applies to Washington, DC only for local governments.
²Public use files containing employment statistics also can use code 40 for this function.
³Applies to the state of Hawaii, only.