Table 20 B. Meeting Basic Needs by Economic Characteristics:                                 40
Households with Difficulty Meeting Basic Needs Who Received Help, Received Help From Family,
Received Help From Friends, and Received Help From Others: 1998
(Numbers in thousands)

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|Characteristics           |          |  Any help  | Help from  | Help from  | Help from  |
|                          |          |  meeting   |family-basic|  friends-  |others-basic|
|                          |          |basic needs |   needs    |basic needs |   needs    |
|                          |  Total   |------------+------------+------------+------------|
|                          |Households|  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |
|--------------------------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
|Households with difficulty|          |            |            |            |            |
|  Total                   |    17,794|        19.2|         4.1|         1.3|         1.5|
|Household income quintile |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Lowest quintile         |     5,580|        30.0|         6.3|         2.2|         3.3|
|  2nd quintile            |     4,728|        17.3|         3.2|         0.9|         1.1|
|  3rd quintile            |     3,800|        13.4|         3.0|         1.3|         0.6|
|  4th quintile            |     2,416|        13.2|         3.7|         0.7|         0.3|
|  Highest quintile        |     1,269|         7.2|         1.6|         0.2|         1.0|
|Household poverty         |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Income below poverty    |     4,374|        32.6|         6.5|         2.3|         3.4|
|  Income above poverty    |    13,419|        14.8|         3.3|         1.0|         1.0|
|Education of householder  |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Not high school graduate|     4,144|        23.0|         5.0|         1.5|         2.5|
|  High school graduate    |     5,992|        20.3|         3.7|         1.8|         1.8|
|  Some college            |     5,535|        16.9|         3.7|         0.7|         0.9|
|  Bachelors or higher     |     2,123|        14.5|         4.5|         0.8|         0.7|
|Occupation of householder |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Executive               |     1,235|        12.0|         3.2|         1.3|         0.6|
|  Professional            |     1,267|        13.1|         3.9|         1.1|         0.3|
|  Technical               |       328|        13.7|         6.0|         0.0|         0.0|
|  Sales                   |     1,301|        15.7|         4.2|         0.3|         1.0|
|  Administrative support  |     1,936|        15.2|         2.8|         0.4|         0.7|
|  Service                 |     2,412|        22.7|         4.8|         1.4|         2.0|
|  Farm                    |       387|        20.8|         4.6|         1.7|         0.7|
|  Craft                   |     1,464|        19.0|         3.4|         0.5|         0.4|
|  Labor                   |     2,383|        15.7|         2.2|         1.7|         1.3|
|Region                    |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Northeast               |     3,061|        17.2|         4.4|         1.0|         2.1|
|  Midwest                 |     4,135|        18.2|         3.3|         1.0|         2.0|
|  South                   |     6,476|        20.0|         4.5|         1.0|         1.1|
|  West                    |     4,123|        20.3|         4.0|         2.2|         1.4|
|Metropolitan status       |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Central City            |     3,416|        22.3|         4.2|         1.6|         2.0|
|  Metropolitan, outside   |          |            |            |            |            |
|  central city            |    11,687|        17.8|         4.1|         1.3|         1.4|
|  Non-metropolitan        |     2,691|        21.0|         3.9|         0.8|         1.5|
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1996 Panel, Wave 8