Table 21 A. Help Expected When in Need by Social Characteristics:                            41
Households with Expectation of Help If Needed, Expect Help from Friends,
Expect Help from Family, and Expect Help from Others: 1998
(Numbers in thousands)

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|Characteristics           |          | Expect any |            |            |            |
|                          |          |  help if   |Expect help |Expect help |Expect help |
|                          |          |   needed   |from friends|from family |from others |
|                          |  Total   |------------+------------+------------+------------|
|                          |Households|  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |
|--------------------------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
|All households            |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Total                   |   102,652|        86.5|        31.4|        43.8|        16.7|
|Age of householder        |          |            |            |            |            |
|  15 to 29                |    12,686|        89.4|        32.2|        46.3|        12.9|
|  30 to 44                |    34,628|        86.2|        29.8|        39.4|        13.9|
|  45 to 64                |    33,549|        84.1|        30.0|        40.6|        16.8|
|  65 or older             |    21,788|        89.1|        35.4|        54.3|        23.2|
|Sex of householder        |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Male                    |    56,448|        86.4|        32.2|        43.2|        16.8|
|  Female                  |    46,204|        86.7|        30.4|        44.5|        16.5|
|Race of householder       |          |            |            |            |            |
|  White                   |    86,272|        87.4|        32.7|        45.0|        17.0|
|  Black                   |    12,474|        81.2|        23.8|        37.0|        16.4|
|  Other                   |     3,906|        83.9|        25.5|        37.8|        10.7|
|Ethnicity of householder  |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Hispanic                |     8,794|        81.3|        26.0|        40.8|        12.3|
|  White non-Hispanic      |    78,219|        88.0|        33.3|        45.3|        17.5|
|Household structure       |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Non-family alone        |    28,005|        88.2|        34.9|        46.9|        17.8|
|  Non-family with others  |     3,647|        85.3|        32.4|        36.5|        11.2|
|  Married, no children    |    27,345|        87.0|        33.3|        47.4|        19.3|
|  Married with children   |    26,955|        86.8|        29.5|        41.2|        15.8|
|  Unmarried, no children  |     5,804|        85.8|        28.7|        44.5|        16.4|
|  Unmarried with children |    10,896|        80.9|        23.0|        35.0|        11.2|
|Householder disability    |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Disabled                |     9,720|        80.0|        24.6|        37.5|        15.2|
|  Not disabled            |    92,932|        87.2|        32.1|        44.4|        16.8|
|Health insurance coverage |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Not insured             |    20,451|        81.2|        25.7|        37.5|        13.5|
|  Insured                 |    82,201|        87.8|        32.8|        45.4|        17.5|
|Housing tenure            |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Home owner              |    68,632|        87.8|        33.4|        46.0|        18.6|
|  Renter                  |    34,020|        83.9|        27.3|        39.3|        12.8|
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1996 Panel, Wave 8