Table 21 B. Help Expected When in Need by Economic Characteristics:                          42
Households with Expectation of Help If Needed, Expect Help from Friends,
Expect Help from Family, and Expect Help from Others: 1998
(Numbers in thousands)

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|Characteristics           |          | Expect any |            |            |            |
|                          |          |  help if   |Expect help |Expect help |Expect help |
|                          |          |   needed   |from friends|from family |from others |
|                          |  Total   |------------+------------+------------+------------|
|                          |Households|  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |  Percent   |
|--------------------------+----------+------------+------------+------------+------------|
|All households            |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Total                   |   102,652|        86.5|        31.4|        43.8|        16.7|
|Household income quintile |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Lowest quintile         |    20,520|        84.6|        29.0|        45.8|        18.4|
|  2nd quintile            |    20,527|        85.7|        31.3|        44.2|        17.3|
|  3rd quintile            |    20,538|        87.2|        32.1|        43.9|        16.3|
|  4th quintile            |    20,530|        87.1|        31.4|        42.7|        15.7|
|  Highest quintile        |    20,533|        88.0|        32.9|        42.3|        15.7|
|Household poverty         |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Income below poverty    |    12,648|        82.0|        26.3|        41.3|        16.1|
|  Income above poverty    |    90,003|        87.1|        32.1|        44.1|        16.8|
|Education of householder  |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Not high school graduate|    17,744|        83.8|        28.5|        46.7|        18.5|
|  High school graduate    |    31,111|        87.5|        31.6|        47.2|        16.9|
|  Some college            |    29,009|        86.0|        31.3|        42.2|        16.1|
|  Bachelors or higher     |    24,788|        87.9|        33.1|        39.3|        15.8|
|Occupation of householder |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Executive               |    10,912|        86.5|        34.7|        42.3|        15.4|
|  Professional            |    11,394|        88.3|        32.0|        37.4|        16.0|
|  Technical               |     2,321|        85.9|        30.2|        41.4|        12.3|
|  Sales                   |     7,956|        87.3|        31.6|        41.7|        14.9|
|  Administrative support  |     9,301|        88.9|        31.0|        43.9|        13.6|
|  Service                 |     8,352|        84.5|        27.8|        39.0|        12.7|
|  Farm                    |     1,899|        86.0|        36.8|        47.5|        21.3|
|  Craft                   |     8,663|        86.8|        31.1|        43.2|        14.7|
|  Labor                   |    10,261|        84.2|        28.3|        43.2|        15.4|
|Region                    |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Northeast               |    19,808|        86.6|        29.8|        44.3|        14.8|
|  Midwest                 |    25,144|        87.3|        28.9|        43.8|        14.8|
|  South                   |    36,086|        86.5|        34.1|        46.0|        21.4|
|  West                    |    21,614|        85.6|        31.0|        39.5|        12.7|
|Metropolitan status       |          |            |            |            |            |
|  Central City            |    13,104|        84.6|        29.6|        39.5|        12.7|
|  Metropolitan, outside   |          |            |            |            |            |
|  central city            |    72,974|        86.7|        30.9|        43.9|        16.1|
|  Non-metropolitan        |    16,573|        87.1|        34.6|        46.8|        22.4|
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 1996 Panel, Wave 8