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Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 1
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
All Income Levels Under .50
Total Percent Number Percent
Total............................ 268,480 100.0 14,594 100.0
Age
Under 18 years................... 71,069 26.5 6,364 43.6
Under 6 years................ 23,597 8.8 2,454 16.8
6 to 17 years................ 47,472 17.7 3,910 26.8
18 to 24 years................... 25,201 9.4 1,957 13.4
25 to 34 years................... 39,354 14.7 2,076 14.2
35 to 54 years................... 78,519 29.2 2,705 18.5
55 to 59 years................... 12,190 4.5 413 2.8
60 to 64 years................... 10,065 3.7 366 2.5
65 years and over................ 32,082 11.9 713 4.9
Race and Hispanic Origin
White............................ 221,200 82.4 9,427 64.6
Under 18 years................ 55,863 20.8 3,680 25.2
Black............................ 34,458 12.8 4,189 28.7
Under 18 years................ 11,367 4.2 2,255 15.4
Other............................ 12,822 4.8 977 6.7
Under 18 years................ 3,838 1.4 429 2.9
Of Hispanic Origin............... 30,637 11.4 3,329 22.8
Under 18 years................ 10,802 4.0 1,727 11.8
Not Of Hispanic Origin........... 237,843 88.6 11,265 77.2
Under 18 years................ 60,266 22.4 4,637 31.8
Sex
Male............................. 131,376 48.9 6,224 42.6
65 years and over............. 13,524 5.0 238 1.6
Female........................... 137,105 51.1 8,370 57.4
65 years and over............. 18,558 6.9 475 3.3
People in Families
Total............................ 225,369 83.9 10,615 72.7
Householder..................... 70,884 26.4 2,957 20.3
Under 65 years................ 59,614 22.2 2,760 18.9
65 years and over............. 11,270 4.2 197 1.3
Related Children................
Under 18 years................ 69,844 26.0 5,907 40.5
Under 6 years................ 23,363 8.7 2,356 16.1
6 to 17 years ............... 46,481 17.3 3,551 24.3
Own children 18 years and over.. 21,625 8.1 546 3.7
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 2
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
All Income Levels Under .50
Total Percent Number Percent
In Married-Couple Families....... 175,779 65.5 3,335 22.9
Husbands........................ 54,321 20.2 887 6.1
Under 65 years................. 44,635 16.6 747 5.1
65 years and over.............. 9,687 3.6 140 1.0
Wives........................... 54,321 20.2 887 6.1
Under 65 years................. 46,865 17.5 782 5.4
65 years and over.............. 7,456 2.8 105 0.7
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 50,282 18.7 1,363 9.3
Under 6 years................ 17,320 6.5 521 3.6
6 to 17 years ............... 32,962 12.3 842 5.8
Own children 18 years and over.. 13,906 5.2 174 1.2
In Families with Female
Householder, No Spouse Present... 38,412 14.3 6,583 45.1
Householder, .................... 12,652 4.7 1,843 12.6
Under 65 years................. 10,976 4.1 1,794 12.3
65 years and over.............. 1,676 0.6 50 0.3
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 16,175 6.0 4,179 28.6
Under 6 years................ 4,848 1.8 1,643 11.3
6 to 17 years................ 11,326 4.2 2,536 17.4
Own children 18 years and over.. 6,464 2.4 336 2.3
In Unrelated Subfamilies......... 1,440 0.5 377 2.6
Under 18 years.................. 825 0.3 226 1.6
Under 6 years................. 233 0.1 98 0.7
6 to 17 years ................ 592 0.2 128 0.9
18 years and over............... 615 0.2 150 1.0
Unrelated Individuals............ 41,672 15.5 3,602 24.7
Male ........................... 19,804 7.4 1,586 10.9
Under 65 years................. 17,052 6.4 1,500 10.3
Living alone ............... 8,690 3.2 519 3.6
65 years and over.............. 2,752 1.0 86 0.6
Living alone ............... 2,345 0.9 42 0.3
Female.......................... 21,868 8.1 2,016 13.8
Under 65 years................. 13,985 5.2 1,730 11.9
Living alone ............... 7,752 2.9 556 3.8
65 years and over.............. 7,883 2.9 286 2.0
Living alone ............... 7,577 2.8 258 1.8
Marital Status
Male:
Under 65 years................. 36,367 13.5 3,203 21.9
18 years and over.............. 95,009 35.4 3,021 20.7
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 3
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
All Income Levels Under .50
Total Percent Number Percent
Married, Spouse Present...... 55,303 20.6 910 6.2
Married, Spouse Absent....... 1,302 0.5 87 0.6
Divorced..................... 8,322 3.1 425 2.9
Separated.................... 1,996 0.7 113 0.8
Widowed...................... 2,567 1.0 78 0.5
Never Married................ 25,518 9.5 1,408 9.6
Female:
Under 65 years................. 34,702 12.9 3,161 21.7
18 years and over.............. 102,403 38.1 5,209 35.7
Married, Spouse Present...... 55,259 20.6 904 6.2
Married, Spouse Absent....... 1,111 0.4 141 1.0
Divorced..................... 11,078 4.1 923 6.3
Separated.................... 2,885 1.1 497 3.4
Widowed...................... 11,027 4.1 499 3.4
Never Married................ 21,043 7.8 2,244 15.4
Work Experience
Male:
Under 16 years................. 32,261 12.0 2,939 20.1
16 to 64 years................... 85,591 31.9 3,047 20.9
Worked during Year............. 73,672 27.4 1,358 9.3
Full-time, year-round ....... 53,922 20.1 332 2.3
Not full-time, year-round.... 19,749 7.4 1,026 7.0
Did Not Work................... 11,919 4.4 1,689 11.6
65 years and over................ 13,524 5.0 238 1.6
Worked during Year............. 2,736 1.0 16 0.1
Full-time, year-round........ 995 0.4 2 0.0
Not full-time, year-round.... 1,741 0.6 14 0.1
Did Not Work................... 10,788 4.0 222 1.5
Female:
Under 16 years................. 30,872 11.5 2,832 19.4
16 to 64 years................... 87,674 32.7 5,062 34.7
Worked during Year............. 65,358 24.3 1,758 12.0
Full-time, year-round........ 37,095 13.8 180 1.2
Not full-time, year-rod...... 28,263 10.5 1,578 10.8
Did Not Work................... 22,316 8.3 3,304 22.6
65 years and over................ 18,558 6.9 475 3.3
Worked during Year............. 2,201 0.8 8 0.1
Full-time, year-round........ 618 0.2 0 0.0
Not full-time, year-round.... 1,583 0.6 7 0.0
Did Not Work................... 16,358 6.1 468 3.2
Education and Age
Under 16 years.................... 63,133 23.5 5,771 39.5
16 to 24 years.................... 33,137 12.3 2,549 17.5
Enrolled........................ 18,372 6.8 1,199 8.2
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 4
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
All Income Levels Under .50
Total Percent Number Percent
Not Enrolled.................... 14,765 5.5 1,350 9.3
Did not finish high school..... 3,568 1.3 650 4.5
25 years and over................. 172,211 64.1 6,273 43.0
Did not complete high school.... 29,558 11.0 2,427 16.6
Completed high school........... 142,653 53.1 3,846 26.4
No college..................... 58,174 21.7 2,223 15.2
Some college, not a graduate... 42,506 15.8 1,094 7.5
Completed college.............. 41,974 15.6 529 3.6
Recipiency and Participation
Status of Household
In households with
related children under
18 years.......................... 49,328 18.4 8,229 56.4
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 15,841 5.9 4,680 32.1
Household received
food stamps.................... 18,646 6.9 6,296 43.1
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 7,788 2.9 2,833 19.4
Household received free
or reduced price
school lunches................. 32,130 12.0 6,071 41.6
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 31,763 11.8 6,678 45.8
In households with
no related children
under 18 years................... 15,342 5.7 1,424 9.8
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 7,194 2.7 558 3.8
Household received
food stamps.................... 4,580 1.7 738 5.1
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 3,490 1.3 422 2.9
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 11,840 4.4 1,100 7.5
Size of Household
1 person......................... 26,364 9.8 1,375 9.4
2 people......................... 67,141 25.0 2,365 16.2
3 people......................... 53,421 19.9 2,767 19.0
4 people......................... 62,155 23.2 2,982 20.4
5 people......................... 35,675 13.3 2,423 16.6
6 people......................... 13,720 5.1 1,335 9.1
7 people......................... 5,524 2.1 736 5.0
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 5
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
All Income Levels Under .50
Total Percent Number Percent
8 people......................... 2,491 0.9 347 2.4
9 or more people................. 1,989 0.7 263 1.8
Residence and Region
Metropolitan..................... 216,143 80.5 11,329 77.6
Central City................... 80,089 29.8 6,230 42.7
Not central city............... 136,055 50.7 5,098 34.9
Not metropolitan................. 52,337 19.5 3,265 22.4
Northeast........................ 51,202 19.1 2,707 18.5
Metropolitan..................... 45,653 17.0 2,445 16.8
Central City................... 15,491 5.8 1,604 11.0
Not central city............... 30,161 11.2 841 5.8
Not metropolitan................. 5,549 2.1 262 1.8
Midwest.......................... 62,498 23.3 2,438 16.7
Metropolitan..................... 46,550 17.3 1,789 12.3
Central City................... 16,632 6.2 1,097 7.5
Not central city............... 29,918 11.1 692 4.7
Not metropolitan................. 15,948 5.9 649 4.4
South............................ 94,235 35.1 5,759 39.5
Metropolitan..................... 71,091 26.5 3,960 27.1
Central City................... 25,597 9.5 1,876 12.9
Not central city............... 45,495 16.9 2,084 14.3
Not metropolitan................. 23,143 8.6 1,799 12.3
West............................. 60,545 22.6 3,689 25.3
Metropolitan..................... 52,849 19.7 3,134 21.5
Central City................... 22,368 8.3 1,652 11.3
Not central city............... 30,481 11.4 1,482 10.2
Not metropolitan................. 7,697 2.9 555 3.8
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 6
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.00 Under 1.25
Number Percent Number Percent
Total............................ 35,574 100.0 47,853 100.0
Age
Under 18 years................... 14,113 39.7 17,937 37.5
Under 6 years................ 5,199 14.6 6,642 13.9
6 to 17 years................ 8,914 25.1 11,296 23.6
18 to 24 years................... 4,416 12.4 5,898 12.3
25 to 34 years................... 4,759 13.4 6,422 13.4
35 to 54 years................... 6,690 18.8 9,150 19.1
55 to 59 years................... 1,092 3.1 1,452 3.0
60 to 64 years................... 1,127 3.2 1,554 3.2
65 years and over................ 3,376 9.5 5,440 11.4
Race and Hispanic Origin
White............................ 24,396 68.6 33,612 70.2
Under 18 years................ 8,990 25.3 11,715 24.5
Black............................ 9,116 25.6 11,646 24.3
Under 18 years................ 4,225 11.9 5,159 10.8
Other............................ 2,062 5.8 2,595 5.4
Under 18 years................ 899 2.5 1,063 2.2
Of Hispanic Origin............... 8,308 23.4 11,003 23.0
Under 18 years................ 3,972 11.2 5,057 10.6
Not Of Hispanic Origin........... 27,266 76.6 36,851 77.0
Under 18 years................ 10,141 28.5 12,881 26.9
Sex
Male............................. 15,187 42.7 20,702 43.3
65 years and over............. 953 2.7 1,566 3.3
Female........................... 20,387 57.3 27,151 56.7
65 years and over............. 2,423 6.8 3,874 8.1
People in Families
Total............................ 26,217 73.7 35,460 74.1
Householder..................... 7,324 20.6 10,032 21.0
Under 65 years................ 6,646 18.7 8,938 18.7
65 years and over............. 678 1.9 1,094 2.3
Related Children................
Under 18 years................ 13,422 37.7 17,144 35.8
Under 6 years................ 5,049 14.2 6,472 13.5
6 to 17 years ............... 8,373 23.5 10,672 22.3
Own children 18 years and over.. 1,727 4.9 2,552 5.3
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 7
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.00 Under 1.25
Number Percent Number Percent
In Married-Couple Families....... 11,166 31.4 16,854 35.2
Husbands........................ 2,821 7.9 4,377 9.1
Under 65 years................. 2,378 6.7 3,604 7.5
65 years and over.............. 444 1.2 774 1.6
Wives........................... 2,821 7.9 4,377 9.1
Under 65 years................. 2,508 7.0 3,817 8.0
65 years and over.............. 314 0.9 561 1.2
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 4,759 13.4 6,877 14.4
Under 6 years................ 1,844 5.2 2,732 5.7
6 to 17 years ............... 2,915 8.2 4,145 8.7
Own children 18 years and over.. 591 1.7 920 1.9
In Families with Female
Householder, No Spouse Present... 13,494 37.9 16,525 34.5
Householder, .................... 3,995 11.2 4,974 10.4
Under 65 years................. 3,770 10.6 4,655 9.7
65 years and over.............. 225 0.6 318 0.7
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 7,928 22.3 9,320 19.5
Under 6 years................ 2,863 8.0 3,299 6.9
6 to 17 years................ 5,065 14.2 6,022 12.6
Own children 18 years and over.. 1,055 3.0 1,510 3.2
In Unrelated Subfamilies......... 670 1.9 813 1.7
Under 18 years.................. 405 1.1 493 1.0
Under 6 years................. 150 0.4 170 0.4
6 to 17 years ................ 255 0.7 323 0.7
18 years and over............... 266 0.7 320 0.7
Unrelated Individuals............ 8,687 24.4 11,581 24.2
Male ........................... 3,447 9.7 4,588 9.6
Under 65 years................. 3,001 8.4 3,887 8.1
Living alone ............... 1,248 3.5 1,628 3.4
65 years and over.............. 447 1.3 701 1.5
Living alone ............... 328 0.9 549 1.1
Female.......................... 5,240 14.7 6,992 14.6
Under 65 years................. 3,454 9.7 4,155 8.7
Living alone ............... 1,489 4.2 1,869 3.9
65 years and over.............. 1,786 5.0 2,837 5.9
Living alone ............... 1,698 4.8 2,714 5.7
Marital Status
Male:
Under 65 years................. 7,179 20.2 9,129 19.1
18 years and over.............. 8,009 22.5 11,573 24.2
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 8
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.00 Under 1.25
Number Percent Number Percent
Married, Spouse Present...... 2,903 8.2 4,492 9.4
Married, Spouse Absent....... 163 0.5 245 0.5
Divorced..................... 969 2.7 1,350 2.8
Separated.................... 336 0.9 447 0.9
Widowed...................... 312 0.9 506 1.1
Never Married................ 3,326 9.3 4,533 9.5
Female:
Under 65 years................. 6,934 19.5 8,808 18.4
18 years and over.............. 13,452 37.8 18,343 38.3
Married, Spouse Present...... 2,887 8.1 4,474 9.4
Married, Spouse Absent....... 335 0.9 420 0.9
Divorced..................... 2,415 6.8 3,201 6.7
Separated.................... 1,054 3.0 1,264 2.6
Widowed...................... 2,080 5.8 3,172 6.6
Never Married................ 4,682 13.2 5,812 12.1
Work Experience
Male:
Under 16 years................. 6,511 18.3 8,263 17.3
16 to 64 years................... 7,723 21.7 10,873 22.7
Worked during Year............. 4,095 11.5 6,352 13.3
Full-time, year-round ....... 1,369 3.8 2,463 5.1
Not full-time, year-round.... 2,726 7.7 3,889 8.1
Did Not Work................... 3,629 10.2 4,521 9.4
65 years and over................ 953 2.7 1,566 3.3
Worked during Year............. 68 0.2 118 0.2
Full-time, year-round........ 12 0.0 21 0.0
Not full-time, year-round.... 56 0.2 97 0.2
Did Not Work................... 885 2.5 1,448 3.0
Female:
Under 16 years................. 6,310 17.7 7,992 16.7
16 to 64 years................... 11,654 32.8 15,285 31.9
Worked during Year............. 5,209 14.6 7,408 15.5
Full-time, year-round........ 961 2.7 1,840 3.8
Not full-time, year-rod...... 4,248 11.9 5,567 11.6
Did Not Work................... 6,445 18.1 7,878 16.5
65 years and over................ 2,423 6.8 3,874 8.1
Worked during Year............. 72 0.2 124 0.3
Full-time, year-round........ 3 0.0 7 0.0
Not full-time, year-round.... 69 0.2 117 0.2
Did Not Work................... 2,351 6.6 3,750 7.8
Education and Age
Under 16 years.................... 12,821 36.0 16,255 34.0
16 to 24 years.................... 5,709 16.0 7,581 15.8
Enrolled........................ 2,739 7.7 3,561 7.4
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 9
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.00 Under 1.25
Number Percent Number Percent
Not Enrolled.................... 2,970 8.3 4,020 8.4
Did not finish high school..... 1,322 3.7 1,666 3.5
25 years and over................. 17,044 47.9 24,018 50.2
Did not complete high school.... 7,244 20.4 10,013 20.9
Completed high school........... 9,800 27.5 14,005 29.3
No college..................... 5,769 16.2 8,112 17.0
Some college, not a graduate... 2,747 7.7 4,088 8.5
Completed college.............. 1,284 3.6 1,804 3.8
Recipiency and Participation
Status of Household
In households with
related children under
18 years.......................... 19,557 55.0 25,052 52.4
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 9,453 26.6 10,891 22.8
Household received
food stamps.................... 12,959 36.4 15,081 31.5
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 5,229 14.7 6,218 13.0
Household received free
or reduced price
school lunches................. 14,215 40.0 18,135 37.9
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 15,062 42.3 18,419 38.5
In households with
no related children
under 18 years................... 4,980 14.0 6,628 13.9
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 2,653 7.5 3,406 7.1
Household received
food stamps.................... 2,550 7.2 3,146 6.6
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 1,600 4.5 2,116 4.4
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 3,873 10.9 5,055 10.6
Size of Household
1 person......................... 4,764 13.4 6,760 14.1
2 people......................... 5,690 16.0 8,066 16.9
3 people......................... 6,374 17.9 8,454 17.7
4 people......................... 6,923 19.5 9,278 19.4
5 people......................... 5,622 15.8 7,433 15.5
6 people......................... 2,940 8.3 3,765 7.9
7 people......................... 1,714 4.8 2,139 4.5
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 10
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.00 Under 1.25
Number Percent Number Percent
8 people......................... 722 2.0 885 1.8
9 or more people................. 826 2.3 1,074 2.2
Residence and Region
Metropolitan..................... 27,273 76.7 36,377 76.0
Central City................... 15,018 42.2 19,573 40.9
Not central city............... 12,255 34.4 16,803 35.1
Not metropolitan................. 8,301 23.3 11,477 24.0
Northeast........................ 6,474 18.2 8,342 17.4
Metropolitan..................... 5,811 16.3 7,446 15.6
Central City................... 3,709 10.4 4,604 9.6
Not central city............... 2,102 5.9 2,842 5.9
Not metropolitan................. 663 1.9 896 1.9
Midwest.......................... 6,493 18.3 8,992 18.8
Metropolitan..................... 4,616 13.0 6,263 13.1
Central City................... 2,819 7.9 3,782 7.9
Not central city............... 1,797 5.1 2,482 5.2
Not metropolitan................. 1,878 5.3 2,729 5.7
South............................ 13,748 38.6 18,627 38.9
Metropolitan..................... 9,305 26.2 12,622 26.4
Central City................... 4,499 12.6 5,988 12.5
Not central city............... 4,805 13.5 6,635 13.9
Not metropolitan................. 4,444 12.5 6,005 12.5
West............................. 8,858 24.9 11,892 24.9
Metropolitan..................... 7,542 21.2 10,045 21.0
Central City................... 3,991 11.2 5,200 10.9
Not central city............... 3,551 10.0 4,845 10.1
Not metropolitan................. 1,316 3.7 1,847 3.9
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 11
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.50 Under 1.75
Number Percent Number Percent
Total............................ 60,331 100.0 73,080 100.0
Age
Under 18 years................... 21,738 36.0 25,600 35.0
Under 6 years................ 8,004 13.3 9,364 12.8
6 to 17 years................ 13,735 22.8 16,236 22.2
18 to 24 years................... 7,174 11.9 8,363 11.4
25 to 34 years................... 8,141 13.5 9,966 13.6
35 to 54 years................... 11,800 19.6 14,383 19.7
55 to 59 years................... 1,847 3.1 2,175 3.0
60 to 64 years................... 1,951 3.2 2,376 3.3
65 years and over................ 7,679 12.7 10,218 14.0
Race and Hispanic Origin
White............................ 43,627 72.3 53,971 73.9
Under 18 years................ 14,694 24.4 17,695 24.2
Black............................ 13,722 22.7 15,697 21.5
Under 18 years................ 5,876 9.7 6,610 9.0
Other............................ 2,982 4.9 3,413 4.7
Under 18 years................ 1,168 1.9 1,294 1.8
Of Hispanic Origin............... 13,441 22.3 15,603 21.4
Under 18 years................ 6,027 10.0 6,831 9.3
Not Of Hispanic Origin........... 46,890 77.7 57,477 78.6
Under 18 years................ 15,711 26.0 18,769 25.7
Sex
Male............................. 26,326 43.6 32,185 44.0
65 years and over............. 2,278 3.8 3,223 4.4
Female........................... 34,005 56.4 40,895 56.0
65 years and over............. 5,401 9.0 6,995 9.6
People in Families
Total............................ 45,052 74.7 55,380 75.8
Householder..................... 12,845 21.3 16,004 21.9
Under 65 years................ 11,179 18.5 13,574 18.6
65 years and over............. 1,665 2.8 2,430 3.3
Related Children................
Under 18 years................ 20,878 34.6 24,666 33.8
Under 6 years................ 7,807 12.9 9,154 12.5
6 to 17 years ............... 13,071 21.7 15,512 21.2
Own children 18 years and over.. 3,353 5.6 4,129 5.7
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 12
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.50 Under 1.75
Number Percent Number Percent
In Married-Couple Families....... 23,401 38.8 30,607 41.9
Husbands........................ 6,185 10.3 8,284 11.3
Under 65 years................. 4,961 8.2 6,430 8.8
65 years and over.............. 1,224 2.0 1,854 2.5
Wives........................... 6,185 10.3 8,284 11.3
Under 65 years................. 5,267 8.7 6,833 9.4
65 years and over.............. 919 1.5 1,450 2.0
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 9,335 15.5 11,815 16.2
Under 6 years................ 3,694 6.1 4,698 6.4
6 to 17 years ............... 5,641 9.3 7,117 9.7
Own children 18 years and over.. 1,251 2.1 1,592 2.2
In Families with Female
Householder, No Spouse Present... 18,977 31.5 21,325 29.2
Householder, .................... 5,772 9.6 6,567 9.0
Under 65 years................. 5,318 8.8 5,981 8.2
65 years and over.............. 454 0.8 586 0.8
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 10,379 17.2 11,358 15.5
Under 6 years................ 3,601 6.0 3,819 5.2
6 to 17 years................ 6,778 11.2 7,540 10.3
Own children 18 years and over.. 1,930 3.2 2,319 3.2
In Unrelated Subfamilies......... 919 1.5 1,018 1.4
Under 18 years.................. 548 0.9 605 0.8
Under 6 years................. 197 0.3 210 0.3
6 to 17 years ................ 351 0.6 395 0.5
18 years and over............... 372 0.6 413 0.6
Unrelated Individuals............ 14,359 23.8 16,683 22.8
Male ........................... 5,588 9.3 6,492 8.9
Under 65 years................. 4,665 7.7 5,337 7.3
Living alone ............... 1,995 3.3 2,323 3.2
65 years and over.............. 923 1.5 1,155 1.6
Living alone ............... 743 1.2 924 1.3
Female.......................... 8,772 14.5 10,191 13.9
Under 65 years................. 4,993 8.3 5,574 7.6
Living alone ............... 2,277 3.8 2,552 3.5
65 years and over.............. 3,779 6.3 4,618 6.3
Living alone ............... 3,622 6.0 4,441 6.1
Marital Status
Male:
Under 65 years................. 11,036 18.3 12,919 17.7
18 years and over.............. 15,290 25.3 19,265 26.4
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 13
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.50 Under 1.75
Number Percent Number Percent
Married, Spouse Present...... 6,347 10.5 8,501 11.6
Married, Spouse Absent....... 319 0.5 389 0.5
Divorced..................... 1,773 2.9 2,111 2.9
Separated.................... 526 0.9 621 0.8
Widowed...................... 656 1.1 872 1.2
Never Married................ 5,668 9.4 6,771 9.3
Female:
Under 65 years................. 10,702 17.7 12,680 17.4
18 years and over.............. 23,303 38.6 28,215 38.6
Married, Spouse Present...... 6,329 10.5 8,477 11.6
Married, Spouse Absent....... 495 0.8 560 0.8
Divorced..................... 3,853 6.4 4,381 6.0
Separated.................... 1,426 2.4 1,614 2.2
Widowed...................... 4,330 7.2 5,332 7.3
Never Married................ 6,871 11.4 7,852 10.7
Work Experience
Male:
Under 16 years................. 9,974 16.5 11,657 16.0
16 to 64 years................... 14,074 23.3 17,305 23.7
Worked during Year............. 8,802 14.6 11,405 15.6
Full-time, year-round ....... 3,844 6.4 5,434 7.4
Not full-time, year-round.... 4,959 8.2 5,971 8.2
Did Not Work................... 5,272 8.7 5,899 8.1
65 years and over................ 2,278 3.8 3,223 4.4
Worked during Year............. 164 0.3 237 0.3
Full-time, year-round........ 35 0.1 48 0.1
Not full-time, year-round.... 129 0.2 189 0.3
Did Not Work................... 2,114 3.5 2,986 4.1
Female:
Under 16 years................. 9,700 16.1 11,505 15.7
16 to 64 years................... 18,904 31.3 22,395 30.6
Worked during Year............. 9,768 16.2 12,100 16.6
Full-time, year-round........ 2,935 4.9 4,058 5.6
Not full-time, year-rod...... 6,834 11.3 8,042 11.0
Did Not Work................... 9,136 15.1 10,295 14.1
65 years and over................ 5,401 9.0 6,995 9.6
Worked during Year............. 220 0.4 321 0.4
Full-time, year-round........ 17 0.0 32 0.0
Not full-time, year-round.... 203 0.3 289 0.4
Did Not Work................... 5,181 8.6 6,674 9.1
Education and Age
Under 16 years.................... 19,674 32.6 23,162 31.7
16 to 24 years.................... 9,238 15.3 10,801 14.8
Enrolled........................ 4,322 7.2 5,073 6.9
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 14
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.50 Under 1.75
Number Percent Number Percent
Not Enrolled.................... 4,916 8.1 5,728 7.8
Did not finish high school..... 1,967 3.3 2,202 3.0
25 years and over................. 31,419 52.1 39,118 53.5
Did not complete high school.... 12,634 20.9 15,034 20.6
Completed high school........... 18,785 31.1 24,083 33.0
No college..................... 10,821 17.9 13,731 18.8
Some college, not a graduate... 5,599 9.3 7,316 10.0
Completed college.............. 2,365 3.9 3,037 4.2
Recipiency and Participation
Status of Household
In households with
related children under
18 years.......................... 29,767 49.3 33,926 46.4
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 11,817 19.6 12,630 17.3
Household received
food stamps.................... 16,172 26.8 17,000 23.3
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 6,664 11.0 7,013 9.6
Household received free
or reduced price
school lunches................. 21,478 35.6 24,540 33.6
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 20,719 34.3 22,722 31.1
In households with
no related children
under 18 years................... 7,890 13.1 8,818 12.1
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 4,035 6.7 4,470 6.1
Household received
food stamps.................... 3,512 5.8 3,748 5.1
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 2,467 4.1 2,684 3.7
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 5,982 9.9 6,670 9.1
Size of Household
1 person......................... 8,638 14.3 10,240 14.0
2 people......................... 10,765 17.8 13,731 18.8
3 people......................... 10,329 17.1 12,547 17.2
4 people......................... 11,640 19.3 14,099 19.3
5 people......................... 9,100 15.1 11,075 15.2
6 people......................... 4,896 8.1 5,727 7.8
7 people......................... 2,512 4.2 2,989 4.1
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 15
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.50 Under 1.75
Number Percent Number Percent
8 people......................... 1,171 1.9 1,309 1.8
9 or more people................. 1,279 2.1 1,362 1.9
Residence and Region
Metropolitan..................... 45,751 75.8 55,439 75.9
Central City................... 23,538 39.0 27,726 37.9
Not central city............... 22,213 36.8 27,713 37.9
Not metropolitan................. 14,580 24.2 17,641 24.1
Northeast........................ 10,402 17.2 12,384 16.9
Metropolitan..................... 9,241 15.3 11,029 15.1
Central City................... 5,452 9.0 6,201 8.5
Not central city............... 3,789 6.3 4,828 6.6
Not metropolitan................. 1,161 1.9 1,356 1.9
Midwest.......................... 11,477 19.0 14,432 19.7
Metropolitan..................... 7,982 13.2 10,071 13.8
Central City................... 4,541 7.5 5,457 7.5
Not central city............... 3,441 5.7 4,614 6.3
Not metropolitan................. 3,495 5.8 4,361 6.0
South............................ 23,603 39.1 28,449 38.9
Metropolitan..................... 16,031 26.6 19,377 26.5
Central City................... 7,416 12.3 8,835 12.1
Not central city............... 8,614 14.3 10,542 14.4
Not metropolitan................. 7,572 12.6 9,072 12.4
West............................. 14,850 24.6 17,815 24.4
Metropolitan..................... 12,497 20.7 14,962 20.5
Central City................... 6,128 10.2 7,232 9.9
Not central city............... 6,369 10.6 7,730 10.6
Not metropolitan................. 2,352 3.9 2,852 3.9
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 16
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.85 Under 2.00
Number Percent Number Percent
Total............................ 78,776 100.0 86,264 100.0
Age
Under 18 years................... 27,257 34.6 29,384 34.1
Under 6 years................ 9,935 12.6 10,614 12.3
6 to 17 years................ 17,322 22.0 18,770 21.8
18 to 24 years................... 8,965 11.4 9,712 11.3
25 to 34 years................... 10,826 13.7 11,872 13.8
35 to 54 years................... 15,683 19.9 17,514 20.3
55 to 59 years................... 2,339 3.0 2,613 3.0
60 to 64 years................... 2,521 3.2 2,761 3.2
65 years and over................ 11,186 14.2 12,407 14.4
Race and Hispanic Origin
White............................ 58,554 74.3 64,514 74.8
Under 18 years................ 18,939 24.0 20,595 23.9
Black............................ 16,530 21.0 17,705 20.5
Under 18 years................ 6,912 8.8 7,284 8.4
Other............................ 3,693 4.7 4,045 4.7
Under 18 years................ 1,406 1.8 1,506 1.7
Of Hispanic Origin............... 16,580 21.0 17,604 20.4
Under 18 years................ 7,147 9.1 7,485 8.7
Not Of Hispanic Origin........... 62,196 79.0 68,660 79.6
Under 18 years................ 20,110 25.5 21,899 25.4
Sex
Male............................. 34,964 44.4 38,562 44.7
65 years and over............. 3,596 4.6 4,091 4.7
Female........................... 43,812 55.6 47,702 55.3
65 years and over............. 7,590 9.6 8,316 9.6
People in Families
Total............................ 59,837 76.0 66,155 76.7
Householder..................... 17,320 22.0 19,277 22.3
Under 65 years................ 14,571 18.5 16,119 18.7
65 years and over............. 2,750 3.5 3,157 3.7
Related Children................
Under 18 years................ 26,288 33.4 28,392 32.9
Under 6 years................ 9,722 12.3 10,399 12.1
6 to 17 years ............... 16,567 21.0 17,993 20.9
Own children 18 years and over.. 4,492 5.7 5,045 5.8
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 17
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.85 Under 2.00
Number Percent Number Percent
In Married-Couple Families....... 33,903 43.0 38,591 44.7
Husbands........................ 9,205 11.7 10,605 12.3
Under 65 years................. 7,075 9.0 8,122 9.4
65 years and over.............. 2,129 2.7 2,484 2.9
Wives........................... 9,205 11.7 10,605 12.3
Under 65 years................. 7,519 9.5 8,619 10.0
65 years and over.............. 1,685 2.1 1,986 2.3
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 12,982 16.5 14,532 16.8
Under 6 years................ 5,119 6.5 5,634 6.5
6 to 17 years ............... 7,863 10.0 8,898 10.3
Own children 18 years and over.. 1,809 2.3 2,073 2.4
In Families with Female
Householder, No Spouse Present... 22,164 28.1 23,415 27.1
Householder, .................... 6,852 8.7 7,292 8.5
Under 65 years................. 6,222 7.9 6,589 7.6
65 years and over.............. 630 0.8 704 0.8
Related Children.................
Under 18 years................. 11,697 14.8 12,160 14.1
Under 6 years................ 3,904 5.0 4,037 4.7
6 to 17 years................ 7,793 9.9 8,124 9.4
Own children 18 years and over.. 2,453 3.1 2,690 3.1
In Unrelated Subfamilies......... 1,076 1.4 1,111 1.3
Under 18 years.................. 637 0.8 658 0.8
Under 6 years................. 214 0.3 215 0.2
6 to 17 years ................ 423 0.5 443 0.5
18 years and over............... 439 0.6 453 0.5
Unrelated Individuals............ 17,864 22.7 18,998 22.0
Male ........................... 7,078 9.0 7,569 8.8
Under 65 years................. 5,838 7.4 6,218 7.2
Living alone ............... 2,532 3.2 2,702 3.1
65 years and over.............. 1,240 1.6 1,352 1.6
Living alone ............... 1,004 1.3 1,091 1.3
Female.......................... 10,785 13.7 11,429 13.2
Under 65 years................. 5,885 7.5 6,224 7.2
Living alone ............... 2,670 3.4 2,837 3.3
65 years and over.............. 4,900 6.2 5,205 6.0
Living alone ............... 4,707 6.0 4,999 5.8
Marital Status
Male:
Under 65 years................. 13,762 17.5 14,852 17.2
18 years and over.............. 21,202 26.9 23,709 27.5
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 18
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.85 Under 2.00
Number Percent Number Percent
Married, Spouse Present...... 9,456 12.0 10,889 12.6
Married, Spouse Absent....... 426 0.5 466 0.5
Divorced..................... 2,280 2.9 2,493 2.9
Separated.................... 653 0.8 698 0.8
Widowed...................... 944 1.2 1,057 1.2
Never Married................ 7,444 9.4 8,105 9.4
Female:
Under 65 years................. 13,495 17.1 14,532 16.8
18 years and over.............. 30,317 38.5 33,170 38.5
Married, Spouse Present...... 9,432 12.0 10,865 12.6
Married, Spouse Absent....... 614 0.8 648 0.8
Divorced..................... 4,621 5.9 4,916 5.7
Separated.................... 1,698 2.2 1,790 2.1
Widowed...................... 5,657 7.2 6,127 7.1
Never Married................ 8,295 10.5 8,825 10.2
Work Experience
Male:
Under 16 years................. 12,436 15.8 13,423 15.6
16 to 64 years................... 18,932 24.0 21,047 24.4
Worked during Year............. 12,774 16.2 14,536 16.9
Full-time, year-round ....... 6,308 8.0 7,511 8.7
Not full-time, year-round.... 6,466 8.2 7,024 8.1
Did Not Work................... 6,158 7.8 6,511 7.5
65 years and over................ 3,596 4.6 4,091 4.7
Worked during Year............. 269 0.3 312 0.4
Full-time, year-round........ 51 0.1 64 0.1
Not full-time, year-round.... 218 0.3 247 0.3
Did Not Work................... 3,327 4.2 3,780 4.4
Female:
Under 16 years................. 12,259 15.6 13,175 15.3
16 to 64 years................... 23,963 30.4 26,211 30.4
Worked during Year............. 13,223 16.8 14,849 17.2
Full-time, year-round........ 4,626 5.9 5,448 6.3
Not full-time, year-rod...... 8,597 10.9 9,401 10.9
Did Not Work................... 10,740 13.6 11,362 13.2
65 years and over................ 7,590 9.6 8,316 9.6
Worked during Year............. 390 0.5 443 0.5
Full-time, year-round........ 42 0.1 48 0.1
Not full-time, year-round.... 348 0.4 396 0.5
Did Not Work................... 7,200 9.1 7,872 9.1
Education and Age
Under 16 years.................... 24,695 31.3 26,599 30.8
16 to 24 years.................... 11,526 14.6 12,497 14.5
Enrolled........................ 5,374 6.8 5,845 6.8
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 19
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.85 Under 2.00
Number Percent Number Percent
Not Enrolled.................... 6,152 7.8 6,652 7.7
Did not finish high school..... 2,295 2.9 2,433 2.8
25 years and over................. 42,555 54.0 47,168 54.7
Did not complete high school.... 15,939 20.2 17,061 19.8
Completed high school........... 26,615 33.8 30,107 34.9
No college..................... 15,149 19.2 17,151 19.9
Some college, not a graduate... 8,067 10.2 9,175 10.6
Completed college.............. 3,399 4.3 3,781 4.4
Recipiency and Participation
Status of Household
In households with
related children under
18 years.......................... 35,523 45.1 37,424 43.4
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 12,897 16.4 13,211 15.3
Household received
food stamps.................... 17,269 21.9 17,528 20.3
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 7,101 9.0 7,296 8.5
Household received free
or reduced price
school lunches................. 25,703 32.6 26,976 31.3
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 23,466 29.8 24,260 28.1
In households with
no related children
under 18 years................... 9,240 11.7 9,760 11.3
Household received cash
public assistance.............. 4,657 5.9 4,876 5.7
Household received
food stamps.................... 3,854 4.9 3,975 4.6
Household received public
or subsidized housing.......... 2,761 3.5 2,829 3.3
One or more members
covered by Medicaid............ 6,997 8.9 7,396 8.6
Size of Household
1 person......................... 10,914 13.9 11,629 13.5
2 people......................... 15,026 19.1 16,853 19.5
3 people......................... 13,349 16.9 14,729 17.1
4 people......................... 15,371 19.5 17,020 19.7
5 people......................... 12,029 15.3 13,136 15.2
6 people......................... 6,172 7.8 6,681 7.7
7 people......................... 3,079 3.9 3,263 3.8
Table 15. Distribution of People by Ratio of Income to Poverty Level 20
by Selected Characteristics: 1997
(Numbers in thousands)
Under 1.85 Under 2.00
Number Percent Number Percent
8 people......................... 1,450 1.8 1,546 1.8
9 or more people................. 1,387 1.8 1,406 1.6
Residence and Region
Metropolitan..................... 59,780 75.9 65,434 75.9
Central City................... 29,649 37.6 31,944 37.0
Not central city............... 30,131 38.2 33,490 38.8
Not metropolitan................. 18,997 24.1 20,830 24.1
Northeast........................ 13,416 17.0 14,735 17.1
Metropolitan..................... 11,920 15.1 12,989 15.1
Central City................... 6,561 8.3 6,979 8.1
Not central city............... 5,360 6.8 6,010 7.0
Not metropolitan................. 1,495 1.9 1,745 2.0
Midwest.......................... 15,683 19.9 17,542 20.3
Metropolitan..................... 10,899 13.8 12,164 14.1
Central City................... 5,828 7.4 6,395 7.4
Not central city............... 5,072 6.4 5,768 6.7
Not metropolitan................. 4,784 6.1 5,378 6.2
South............................ 30,457 38.7 33,128 38.4
Metropolitan..................... 20,792 26.4 22,708 26.3
Central City................... 9,451 12.0 10,185 11.8
Not central city............... 11,341 14.4 12,524 14.5
Not metropolitan................. 9,665 12.3 10,419 12.1
West............................. 19,220 24.4 20,859 24.2
Metropolitan..................... 16,168 20.5 17,573 20.4
Central City................... 7,810 9.9 8,386 9.7
Not central city............... 8,358 10.6 9,187 10.7
Not metropolitan................. 3,052 3.9 3,286 3.8
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Contact: Census Bureau Question & Answer Center at ask.census.gov
Last revised: July 20, 2004
URL: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/cpstables/macro/031998/pov/new15_000.htm