Industry and Occupation - View Census 2002 Classified Index of Occupations Mapped to SOC


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SOC CODE	OCCUPATION CODE	SOC TITLE	SOC DEFINITION
11-1011	001	Chief Executives	Determine and formulate policies and provide the overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within the guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers.
11-1021	002	General and Operations Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of companies or public and private sector organizations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Include owners and managers who head small business establishments whose duties are primarily managerial. Exclude "First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Retail Sales Workers" (41-1011) and workers in other small establishments.
11-1031	003	Legislators	Develop laws and statutes at the Federal, State, or local level. Include only elected officials.
11-2011	004	Advertising and Promotions Managers	Plan and direct advertising policies and programs or produce collateral materials, such as posters, contests, coupons, or give-aways, to create extra interest in the purchase of a product or service for a department, an entire organization, or on an account basis.
11-2021	005	Marketing Managers	Determine the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services.
11-2022	005	Sales Managers	Direct the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.
11-2031	006	Public Relations Managers	Plan and direct public relations programs designed to create and maintain a favorable public image for employer or client; or if engaged in fundraising, plan and direct activities to solicit and maintain funds for special projects and nonprofit organizations.
11-3011	010	Administrative Services Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate supportive services of an organization, such as recordkeeping, mail distribution, telephone operator/receptionist, and other office support services. May oversee facilities planning and maintenance and custodial operations. Exclude "Purchasing Managers" (11-3061).
11-3021	011	Computer and Information Systems Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. Exclude "Computer Specialists" (15-1011 through 15-1099).
11-3031	012	Financial Managers	Plan, direct, and coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment.
11-3041	013	Compensation and Benefits Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate compensation and benefits activities and staff of an organization. Include job analysis and position description managers.
11-3042	013	Training and Development Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities and staff of an organization.
11-3049	013	Human Resources Managers, All Other	All Human Resources Managers not listed separately.
11-3051	014	Industrial Production Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications.
11-3061	015	Purchasing Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of buyers, purchasing officers, and related workers involved in purchasing materials, products, and services. Include wholesale or retail trade merchandising managers and procurement managers.
11-3071	016	Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution activities in accordance with governmental policies and regulations. Include logistics managers.
11-9011	020	Farm, Ranch, and Other Agricultural Managers	On a paid basis, manage farms, ranches, aquacultural operations, greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, cotton gins, packing houses, or other agricultural establishments for employers. Carry out production, financial, and marketing decisions relating to the managed operations following guidelines from the owner. May contract tenant farmers or producers to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and marketing activities. May prepare cost, production, and other records. May perform physical work and operate machinery.
11-9012	021	Farmers and Ranchers	On an ownership or rental basis, operate farms, ranches, greenhouses, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural production establishments which produce crops, horticultural specialties, livestock, poultry, finfish, shellfish, or animal specialties. Include operators of cotton gins, packing houses, and other post-harvest operations. May plant, cultivate, harvest, perform post-harvest activities, and market crops and livestock; may hire, train, and supervise farm workers or supervise a farm labor contractor; may prepare cost, production, and other records. May maintain and operate machinery and perform physical work.
11-9021	022	Construction Managers	Plan, direct, coordinate, or budget, usually through subordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of a construction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, and implementation. Include specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing. Include general superintendents, project managers, and constructors who manage, coordinate, and supervise the construction process.
11-9031	023	Education Administrators, Preschool and Child Care Center/Program	Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic and nonacademic activities of preschool and child care centers or programs. Exclude "Preschool Teachers" (25-2011).
11-9032	023	Education Administrators, Elementary and Secondary School	Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, clerical, or auxiliary activities of public or private elementary or secondary level schools.
11-9033	023	Education Administrators, Postsecondary	Plan, direct, or coordinate research, instructional, student administration and services, and other educational activities at postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and junior and community colleges.
11-9039	023	Education Administrators, All Other	All education administrators not listed separately.
11-9041	030	Engineering Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. Exclude "Natural Sciences Managers" (11-9121).
11-9051	031	Food Service Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages.
11-9061	032	Funeral Directors	Perform various tasks to arrange and direct funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary for embalming, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, procuring official for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners.
11-9071	033	Gaming Managers and Gaming Department Heads	Plan, organize, direct, control, or coordinate gaming operations in a casino. Formulate gaming policies for their area of responsibility.
11-9081	034	Lodging Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that provides lodging and other accommodations. Exclude "Food Service Managers" (11-9051) in lodging establishments.
11-9111	035	Medical and Health Services Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate medicine and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.
11-9121	036	Natural Sciences Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields. Exclude "Engineering Managers" (11-9041) and "Computer and Information Systems Managers" (11-3021).
11-9131	040	Postmasters and Mail Superintendents	Direct and coordinate operational, administrative, management, and supportive services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office.
11-9141	041	Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers	Plan, direct, or coordinate selling, buying, leasing, or governance activities of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate properties. Include managers of homeowner and condominium associations, rented or leased housing units, buildings, or land (including rights-of-way).
11-9151	042	Social and Community Service Managers	Plan, organize, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers.
11-9199	043	Managers, All Other	All managers not listed separately.
13-1011	050	Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes	Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes to prospective employers. May handle contract negotiation and other business matters for clients.
13-1021	051	Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products	Purchase farm products either for further processing or resale. Include Christmas tree contractors, grain brokers and market operators, grain buyers, and tobacco buyers.
13-1022	052	Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products	Buy merchandise or commodities, other than farm products, for resale to consumers at the wholesale or retail level, including both durable and nondurable goods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records, price, and quality of merchandise to determine value and yield. Select, order, and authorize payment for merchandise according to contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and introduce new products. Include assistant buyers.
13-1023	053	Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products	Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, or services necessary for the operation of an establishment. Purchase raw or semi-finished materials for manufacturing. Include contract specialists, field contractors, purchasers, price analysts, tooling coordinators, and media buyers. Exclude "Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm Products" (13-1021) and "Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products" (13-1022).
13-1031	054	Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators	Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements have been made in accordance with company practices and procedures, ensuring that proper methods have been followed. Report overpayments, underpayments, and other irregularities. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation.
13-1032	054	Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage	Appraise automobile or other vehicle damage to determine cost of repair for insurance claim settlement and seek agreement with automotive repair shop on cost of repair. Prepare insurance forms to indicate repair cost or cost estimates and recommendations.
13-1041	056	Compliance Officers, Except Agriculture, Construction, Health and Safety, and Transportation	Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and other compliance and enforcement inspection activities not classified elsewhere. Exclude "Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents" (13-2081) and "Financial Examiners" (13-2061).
13-1051	060	Cost Estimators	Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured.
13-1061	073	Emergency Management Specialists	Coordinate disaster response or crisis management activities, provide disaster preparedness training, and prepare emergency plans and procedures for natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes), wartime, or technological (e.g., nuclear power plant emergencies, hazardous materials spills) disasters or hostage situations.
13-1071	062	Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists	Recruit and place workers.
13-1072	062	Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists	Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs.
13-1073	062	Training and Development Specialists	Conduct training and development programs for employees.
13-1079	062	Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other	All human resources, training, and labor relations specialists not listed separately.
13-1081	070	Logisticians	Analyze and coordinate the logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources.
13-1111	071	Management Analysts	Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplifications and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Include program analysts and management consultants. Exclude "Computer Systems Analysts" (15-1051) and "Operations Research Analysts" (15-2031).
13-1121	072	Meeting and Convention Planners	Coordinate activities of staff and convention personnel to make arrangements for group meetings and conventions.
13-1199	073	Business Operations Specialists, All Other	All business operations specialists not listed separately.
13-2011	080	Accountants and Auditors	Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.
13-2021	081	Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate	Appraise real property to determine its fair value. May assess taxes in accordance with prescribed schedules.
13-2031	082	Budget Analysts	Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports for the purpose of maintaining expenditure controls.
13-2041	083	Credit Analysts	Analyze current credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with this credit information for use in decision-making.
13-2051	084	Financial Analysts	Conduct quantitative analyses of information affecting investment programs of public or private institutions.
13-2052	085	Personal Financial Advisors	Advise clients on financial plans utilizing knowledge of tax and investment strategies, securities, insurance, pension plans, and real estate. Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities, cash flow, insurance coverage, tax status, and financial objectives to establish investment strategies.
13-2053	086	Insurance Underwriters	Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications.
13-2061	090	Financial Examiners	Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify correctness of, or establish authenticity of records.
13-2071	091	Loan Counselors	Provide guidance to prospective loan applicants who have problems qualifying for traditional loans. Guidance may include determining the best type of loan and explaining loan requirements or restrictions.
13-2072	091	Loan Officers	Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise borrowers on financial status and methods of payments. Include mortgage loan officers and agents, collection analysts, loan servicing officers, and loan underwriters.
13-2081	093	Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents	Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business firms according to prescribed laws and regulations.
13-2082	094	Tax Preparers	Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses but do not have the background or responsibilities of an accredited or certified public accountant.
13-2099	095	Financial Specialists, All Other	All financial specialists not listed separately.
15-1011	100	Computer and Information Scientists, Research	Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Solve or develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software.
15-1021	101	Computer Programmers	Convert project specifications and statements of problems and procedures to detailed logical flow charts for coding into computer language. Develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information. May program web sites.
15-1031	102	Computer Software Engineers, Applications	Develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers" (17-2061).
15-1032	102	Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software	Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software requirements. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis.
15-1041	104	Computer Support Specialists	Provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems. Exclude "Network and Computer Systems Administrators" (15-1071).
15-1051	100	Computer Systems Analysts	Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data processing problems for application to electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. Exclude persons working primarily as "Engineers" (17-2011 through 17-2199), "Mathematicians" (15-2021), or "Scientists" (19-1011 through 19-3099). May supervise computer programmers.
15-1061	106	Database Administrators	Coordinate changes to computer databases, test and implement the database applying knowledge of database management systems. May plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases.
15-1071	110	Network and Computer Systems Administrators	Install, configure, and support an organization's local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and Internet system or a segment of a network system. Maintain network hardware and software. Monitor network to ensure network availability to all system users and perform necessary maintenance to support network availability. May supervise other network support and client server specialists and plan, coordinate, and implement network security measures. Exclude "Computer Support Specialists" (15-1041).
15-1081	111	Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts	Analyze, design, test, and evaluate network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), Internet, intranet, and other data communications systems. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning. Research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software. Include telecommunications specialists who deal with the interfacing of computer and communications equipment. May supervise computer programmers.
15-1099	100	Computer Specialists, All Other	All computer specialists not listed separately.
15-2011	120	Actuaries	Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain premium rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.
15-2021	121	Mathematicians	Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields. Solve or direct solutions to problems in various fields by mathematical methods.
15-2031	122	Operations Research Analysts	Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods using a computer to develop and interpret information that assists management with decision making, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May develop related software, service, or products. Frequently concentrates on collecting and analyzing data and developing decision support software. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation.
15-2041	123	Statisticians	Engage in the development of mathematical theory or apply statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields, such as bio-statistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, economic statistics, or other fields. Include mathematical statisticians.
15-2099	124	Mathematical Scientists, All Other	All mathematical scientists not listed separately.
15-3011	124	Mathematical Technicians	Apply standardized mathematical formulas, principles, and methodology to technological problems in engineering and physical sciences in relation to specific industrial and research objectives, processes, equipment, and products.
17-1011	130	Architects, Except Landscape and Naval	Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.
17-1012	130	Landscape Architects	Plan and design land areas for such projects as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.
17-1021	131	Cartographers and Photogrammetrists	Collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data. Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or graphic form for legal, social, political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems.
17-1022	131	Surveyors	Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.
17-2011	132	Aerospace Engineers	Perform a variety of engineering work in designing, constructing, and testing aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. May conduct basic and applied research to evaluate adaptability of materials and equipment to aircraft design and manufacture. May recommend improvements in testing equipment and techniques.
17-2021	133	Agricultural Engineers	Apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products.
17-2031	134	Biomedical Engineers	Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and heath management and care delivery systems.
17-2041	135	Chemical Engineers	Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering.
17-2051	136	Civil Engineers	Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units. Include architectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers. Exclude "Hydrologists" (19-2043).
17-2061	140	Computer Hardware Engineers	Research, design, develop, and test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or computer-related equipment and components. Exclude "Computer Software Engineers, Applications" (15-1031) and "Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software" (15-1032).
17-2071	141	Electrical Engineers	Design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers" (17-2061).
17-2072	141	Electronics Engineers, Except Computer	Research, design, develop, and test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use utilizing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls. Exclude "Computer Hardware Engineers" (17-2061).
17-2081	142	Environmental Engineers	Design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental health hazards utilizing various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology.
17-2111	143	Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors	Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws. Include industrial product safety engineers.
17-2112	143	Industrial Engineers	Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination. Exclude "Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors" (17-2111).
17-2121	144	Marine Engineers and Naval Architects	Design, develop, and evaluate the operation of marine vessels, ship machinery, and related equipment, such as power supply and propulsion systems.
17-2131	145	Materials Engineers	Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Include those working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Include metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers.
17-2141	146	Mechanical Engineers	Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of such equipment as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.
17-2151	150	Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers	Determine the location and plan the extraction of coal, metallic ores, nonmetallic minerals, and building materials, such as stone and gravel. Work involves conducting preliminary surveys of deposits or undeveloped mines and planning their development; examining deposits or mines to determine whether they can be worked at a profit; making geological and topographical surveys; evolving methods of mining best suited to character, type, and size of deposits; and supervising mining operations.
17-2161	151	Nuclear Engineers	Conduct research on nuclear engineering problems or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and utilization of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal.
17-2171	152	Petroleum Engineers	Devise methods to improve oil and gas well production and determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Oversee drilling and offer technical advice to achieve economical and satisfactory progress.
17-2199	153	Engineers, All Other	All engineers not listed separately.
17-3011	154	Architectural and Civil Drafters	Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Utilize knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.
17-3012	154	Electrical and Electronics Drafters	Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout drawings used for manufacture, installation, and repair of electrical equipment in factories, power plants, and buildings.
17-3013	154	Mechanical Drafters	Prepare detailed working diagrams of machinery and mechanical devices, including dimensions, fastening methods, and other engineering information.
17-3019	154	Drafters, All Other	All drafters not listed separately.
17-3021	155	Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technicians	Operate, install, calibrate, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data.
17-3022	155	Civil Engineering Technicians	Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
17-3023	155	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians	Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. Exclude "Broadcast Technicians" (27-4012).
17-3024	155	Electro-mechanical Technicians	Operate, test, and maintain unmanned, automated, servo-mechanical, or electromechanical equipment. May operate unmanned submarines, aircraft, or other equipment at worksites, such as oil rigs, deep ocean exploration, or hazardous waste removal. May assist engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment.
17-3025	155	Environmental Engineering Technicians	Apply theory and principles of environmental engineering to modify, test, and operate equipment and devices used in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental pollution, including waste treatment and site remediation. May assist in the development of environmental pollution remediation devices under direction of engineer.
17-3026	155	Industrial Engineering Technicians	Apply engineering theory and principles to problems of industrial layout or manufacturing production, usually under the direction of engineering staff. May study and record time, motion, method, and speed involved in performance of production, maintenance, clerical, and other worker operations for such purposes as establishing standard production rates or improving efficiency.
17-3027	155	Mechanical Engineering Technicians	Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, and test machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.
17-3029	155	Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other	All engineering technicians, except drafters, not listed separately.
17-3031	156	Surveying and Mapping Technicians	Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of a surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of topographical maps. Exclude "Surveyors" (17-1022), "Cartographers and Photogrammetrists" (17-1021), and "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" (19-2042).
19-1011	160	Animal Scientists	Conduct research in the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and development of domestic farm animals.
19-1012	160	Food Scientists and Technologists	Use chemistry, microbiology, engineering, and other sciences to study the principles underlying the processing and deterioration of foods; analyze food content to determine levels of vitamins, fat, sugar, and protein; discover new food sources; research ways to make processed foods safe, palatable, and healthful; and apply food science knowledge to determine best ways to process, package, preserve, store, and distribute food.
19-1013	160	Soil and Plant Scientists	Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and crop productivity.
19-1021	161	Biochemists and Biophysicists	Study the chemical composition and physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.
19-1022	161	Microbiologists	Investigate the growth, structure, development, and other characteristics of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, algae, or fungi. Include medical microbiologists who study the relationship between organisms and disease or the effects of antibiotics on microorganisms.
19-1023	161	Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists	Study the origins, behavior, diseases, genetics, and life processes of animals and wildlife. May specialize in wildlife research and management, including the collection and analysis of biological data to determine the environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water areas.
19-1029	161	Biological Scientists, All Other	All biological scientists not listed separately.
19-1031	164	Conservation Scientists	Manage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands from fire and rodent damage. May instruct farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering. Exclude "Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists" (19-1023) and "Foresters" (19-1032).
19-1032	164	Foresters	Manage forested lands for economic, recreational, and conservation purposes. May inventory the type, amount, and location of standing timber, appraise the timber's worth, negotiate the purchase, and draw up contracts for procurement. May determine how to conserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality, and soil stability, and how best to comply with environmental regulations. May devise plans for planting and growing new trees, monitor trees for healthy growth, and determine the best time for harvesting. Develop forest management plans for public and privately-owned forested lands.
19-1041	165	Epidemiologists	Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, and other health outcomes and develop the means for prevention and control.
19-1042	165	Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists	Conduct research dealing with the understanding of human diseases and the improvement of human health. Engage in clinical investigation or other research, production, technical writing, or related activities. Include medical scientists such as physicians, dentists, public health specialists, pharmacologists, and medical pathologists. Exclude practitioners who provide medical or dental care or dispense drugs.
19-2011	170	Astronomers	Observe, research, and interpret celestial and astronomical phenomena to increase basic knowledge and apply such information to practical problems.
19-2012	170	Physicists	Conduct research into the phases of physical phenomena, develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply laws and theories to industry and other fields.
19-2021	171	Atmospheric and Space Scientists	Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Include weather analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed knowledge of a meteorologist.
19-2031	172	Chemists	Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or chemical experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. Exclude "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" (19-2042) and "Biochemists and Biophysicists" (19-1021).
19-2032	172	Materials Scientists	Research and study the structures and chemical properties of various natural and manmade materials, including metals, alloys, rubber, ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and glass. Determine ways to strengthen or combine materials or develop new materials with new or specific properties for use in a variety of products and applications. Include glass scientists, ceramic scientists, metallurgical scientists, and polymer scientists.
19-2041	174	Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health	Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or the health of the population. Utilizing knowledge of various scientific disciplines may collect, synthesize, study, report, and take action based on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources. Exclude "Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists" (19-1023), "Conservation Scientists" (19-1031), "Forest and Conservation Technicians" (19-4093), "Fish and Game Wardens" (33-3031), and "Forest and Conservation Workers" (45-4011).
19-2042	174	Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers	Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the earth's internal composition, atmospheres, oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Include mineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.
19-2043	174	Hydrologists	Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; study the form and intensity of precipitation, its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and its return to the ocean and atmosphere.
19-2099	176	Physical Scientists, All Other	All physical scientists not listed separately.
19-3011	180	Economists	Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to aid in solution of economic problems arising from production and distribution of goods and services. May collect and process economic and statistical data using econometric and sampling techniques. Exclude "Market Research Analysts" (19-3021).
19-3021	181	Market Research Analysts	Research market conditions in local, regional, or national areas to determine potential sales of a product or service. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May use survey results to create a marketing campaign based on regional preferences and buying habits.
19-3022	181	Survey Researchers	Design or conduct surveys. May supervise interviewers who conduct the survey in person or over the telephone. May present survey results to client. Exclude "Statisticians" (15-2041), "Economists" (19-3011), and "Market Research Analysts" (19-3021).
19-3031	182	Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists	Diagnose and treat mental disorders; learning disabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional problems using individual, child, family, and group therapies. May design and implement behavior modification programs.
19-3032	182	Industrial-Organizational Psychologists	Apply principles of psychology to personnel, administration, management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include policy planning; employee screening, training and development; and organizational development and analysis. May work with management to reorganize the work setting to improve worker productivity.
19-3039	182	Psychologists, All Other	All psychologists not listed separately.
19-3041	183	Sociologists	Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members.
19-3051	184	Urban and Regional Planners	Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities of local jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas.
19-3091	186	Anthropologists and Archeologists	Study the origin, development, and behavior of humans. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of existing people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.
19-3092	186	Geographers	Study nature and use of areas of earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global.
19-3093	186	Historians	Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters.
19-3094	186	Political Scientists	Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. Research a wide range of subjects, such as relations between the United States and foreign countries, the beliefs and institutions of foreign nations, or the politics of small towns or a major metropolis. May study topics, such as public opinion, political decision making, and ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents.
19-3099	186	Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other	All social scientists and related workers not listed separately.
19-4011	190	Agricultural and Food Science Technicians	Work with agricultural scientists in food, fiber, and animal research, production, and processing; assist with animal breeding and nutrition work; under supervision, conduct tests and experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects. Include technicians who assist food scientists or food technologists in the research, development, production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and use of foods.
19-4021	191	Biological Technicians	Assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs.
19-4031	192	Chemical Technicians	Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for purposes, such as research and development of new products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences.
19-4041	193	Geological and Petroleum Technicians	Assist scientists in the use of electrical, sonic, or nuclear measuring instruments in both laboratory and production activities to obtain data indicating potential sources of metallic ore, gas, or petroleum. Analyze mud and drill cuttings. Chart pressure, temperature, and other characteristics of wells or bore holes. Investigate and collect information leading to the possible discovery of new oil fields.
19-4051	194	Nuclear Technicians	Assist scientists in both laboratory and production activities by performing technical tasks involving nuclear physics, primarily in operation, maintenance, production, and quality control support activities.
19-4061	196	Social Science Research Assistants	Assist social scientists in laboratory, survey, and other social research. May perform publication activities, laboratory analysis, quality control, or data management. Normally these individuals work under the direct supervision of a social scientist and assist in those activities which are more routine. Exclude "Graduate Teaching Assistants" (25-1191) who both teach and do research.
19-4091	196	Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health	Performs laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health. Under direction of an environmental scientist or specialist, may collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing and take corrective actions as assigned.
19-4092	196	Forensic Science Technicians	Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry.
19-4093	196