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Poverty
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Poverty - Poverty Dynamics 1996-99 Table 4
Table 4. Spells of Poverty for Persons Who Became Poor During the 1996 SIPP Panel, by Selected Characteristics:
1996-1999
Percentage
Total of spells Median
spells right- Survival rates of poverty spells after - Spell
(thousands) censored 1month 4months 8months 12months 16months 20months 24months 28months 32months 36months 40months 44months Duration
All persons 102,412 18.3 1.0000 0.4891 0.2959 0.2036 0.1560 0.1187 0.0916 0.0756 0.0657 0.0569 0.0509 0.0441 4.0
Race and Hispanic origin
White 76,904 17.2 1.0000 0.4727 0.2743 0.1868 0.1394 0.1048 0.0797 0.0638 0.0568 0.0506 0.0427 0.0355 3.9
Not of Hispanic origin1 61,573 16.7 1.0000 0.4569 0.2640 0.1779 0.1315 0.1006 0.0784 0.0633 0.0564 0.0502 0.0416 0.0392 3.8
Black 19,297 22.7 1.0000 0.5424 0.3825 0.2707 0.2202 0.1719 0.1404 0.1251 0.1015 0.0837 0.0821 0.0759 4.9
Hispanic origin 16,400 18.8 1.0000 0.5354 0.3169 0.2199 0.1705 0.1243 0.0863 0.0687 0.0574 0.0509 0.0459 0.0247 4.6
Not of Hispanic origin 86,013 18.2 1.0000 0.4804 0.2919 0.2006 0.1533 0.1176 0.0927 0.0770 0.0673 0.0580 0.0518 0.0485 3.9
Age
Under 18 years 31,947 18.1 1.0000 0.5203 0.3212 0.2248 0.1772 0.1306 0.0955 0.0773 0.0674 0.0565 0.0488 0.0379 4.4
18 to 64 years 62,484 17.4 1.0000 0.4728 0.2787 0.1863 0.1385 0.1055 0.0824 0.0677 0.0575 0.0504 0.0455 0.0390 3.9
65 years and over 7,982 26.2 1.0000 0.4898 0.3282 0.2549 0.2088 0.1765 0.1529 0.1357 0.1261 0.1131 0.1062 0.1062 4.0
Sex
Male 46,908 16.8 1.0000 0.4697 0.2758 0.1864 0.1407 0.1036 0.0780 0.0646 0.0559 0.0473 0.0421 0.0318 3.9
Female 55,504 19.6 1.0000 0.5055 0.3129 0.2182 0.1691 0.1316 0.1033 0.0851 0.0740 0.0649 0.0584 0.0548 4.1
Educational Attainment
(persons 18 years and over)
Less than 4 years of high school 19,821 24.3 1.0000 0.5519 0.3601 0.2645 0.2149 0.1656 0.1380 0.1221 0.1084 0.0962 0.0926 0.0789 5.3
High school graduate, no college 23,245 17.9 1.0000 0.4807 0.2876 0.1948 0.1463 0.1118 0.0845 0.0706 0.0625 0.0537 0.0436 0.0436 3.9
1 or more years of college 27,400 14.6 1.0000 0.4141 0.2265 0.1420 0.0969 0.0768 0.0608 0.0455 0.0360 0.0326 0.0314 0.0277 3.7
Disability Status
(persons 15 to 69 years)
With a work disability 11,141 25.9 1.0000 0.5824 0.3908 0.2835 0.2296 0.1967 0.1709 0.1462 0.1380 0.1255 0.1189 0.1058 5.8
With no work disability 58,754 16.0 1.0000 0.4522 0.2588 0.1686 0.1218 0.0887 0.0659 0.0528 0.0432 0.0365 0.0319 0.0279 3.8
Residence
Metropolitan 74,384 17.8 1.0000 0.4758 0.2904 0.2035 0.1539 0.1154 0.0877 0.0709 0.0614 0.0521 0.0484 0.0378 3.9
Central city 33,908 19.5 1.0000 0.5078 0.3218 0.2254 0.1782 0.1345 0.1053 0.0852 0.0716 0.0598 0.0581 0.0420 4.2
Non-central city 40,476 16.4 1.0000 0.4491 0.2641 0.1851 0.1340 0.0996 0.0731 0.0591 0.0530 0.0463 0.0397 0.0354 3.8
Nonmetropolitan 28,029 19.7 1.0000 0.5249 0.3108 0.2040 0.1617 0.1275 0.1019 0.0875 0.0766 0.0690 0.0575 0.0575 4.5
Region
Northeast 16,918 19.0 1.0000 0.4730 0.2884 0.2261 0.1776 0.1354 0.1114 0.0982 0.0761 0.0680 0.0586 0.0586 3.9
Midwest 21,558 17.1 1.0000 0.4890 0.2930 0.1865 0.1460 0.1134 0.0784 0.0635 0.0555 0.0478 0.0478 0.0325 4.0
South 38,580 19.4 1.0000 0.5118 0.3144 0.2154 0.1652 0.1245 0.1009 0.0859 0.0756 0.0660 0.0566 0.0566 4.2
West 25,356 17.3 1.0000 0.4654 0.2751 0.1852 0.1359 0.1026 0.0757 0.0546 0.0519 0.0431 0.0394 0.0236 3.9
Family Status
In families 83,010 17.2 1.0000 0.4821 0.2854 0.1943 0.1459 0.1079 0.0805 0.0647 0.0557 0.0466 0.0405 0.0317 3.9
In families with related
children under 18 years 66,515 17.4 1.0000 0.4972 0.3009 0.2056 0.1565 0.1136 0.0831 0.0668 0.0577 0.0490 0.0424 0.0303 4.0
In married-couple families 54,156 14.2 1.0000 0.4296 0.2412 0.1579 0.1144 0.0814 0.0584 0.0451 0.0382 0.0354 0.0254 0.0179 3.7
In married-couple families
with related children under 18 years 42,301 14.2 1.0000 0.4409 0.2521 0.1658 0.1232 0.0842 0.0591 0.0453 0.0374 0.0351 0.0238 0.0120 3.8
In families with a female householder,
no spouse present 25,034 24.0 1.0000 0.5925 0.3865 0.2788 0.2170 0.1695 0.1301 0.1124 0.0988 0.0743 0.0743 0.0669 5.8
In families with a female householder,
no spouse present, with related
children under 18 years 21,635 24.2 1.0000 0.6034 0.3970 0.2874 0.2232 0.1736 0.1297 0.1121 0.1023 0.0793 0.0793 0.0709 6.1
In families with a male householder,
no spouse present 3,821 14.0 1.0000 0.5059 0.2558 0.1654 0.1336 0.0894 0.0780 0.0503 0.0415 0.0415 0.0415 4.1
In families with a male householder,
no spouse present, with related
children under 18 years 2,579 13.7 1.0000 0.5303 0.3019 0.1815 0.1497 0.1064 0.0960 0.0611 0.0468 0.0468 0.0468 4.8
Unrelated individuals 19,402 23.2 1.0000 0.5192 0.3413 0.2440 0.1999 0.1658 0.1405 0.1230 0.1090 0.1004 0.0943 0.0924 4.4
Employment and Labor Force Status
(persons 18 years and over)
Employed full-time 17,955 14.1 1.0000 0.4183 0.2314 0.1448 0.1042 0.0747 0.0505 0.0398 0.0328 0.0248 0.0183 0.0119 3.7
Employed part-time 17,676 15.5 1.0000 0.4604 0.2652 0.1754 0.1220 0.0876 0.0636 0.0485 0.0426 0.0402 0.0356 0.0335 3.8
Unemployed 5,449 13.5 1.0000 0.4689 0.2675 0.1793 0.1331 0.1003 0.0814 0.0659 0.0491 0.0250 0.0250 3.8
Not in labor force 29,386 23.6 1.0000 0.5191 0.3313 0.2380 0.1896 0.1555 0.1331 0.1159 0.1032 0.0961 0.0900 0.0809 4.5
Marital Status
(persons 18 years and over)
Married 32,306 14.6 1.0000 0.4212 0.2358 0.1538 0.1093 0.0786 0.0578 0.0465 0.0408 0.0376 0.0305 0.0235 3.7
Separated, divorced, or widowed 17,090 24.1 1.0000 0.5402 0.3461 0.2557 0.2045 0.1641 0.1428 0.1192 0.1066 0.0940 0.0901 0.0876 4.9
Never married 21,069 19.6 1.0000 0.5045 0.3090 0.2058 0.1563 0.1261 0.0988 0.0849 0.0702 0.0591 0.0560 0.0512 4.1
Family Size
1 person (unrelated individual) 19,402 23.2 1.0000 0.5192 0.3413 0.2440 0.1999 0.1658 0.1405 0.1230 0.1090 0.1004 0.0943 0.0924 4.4
2 persons 17,135 17.5 1.0000 0.4584 0.2706 0.1893 0.1420 0.1129 0.0897 0.0718 0.0634 0.0512 0.0475 0.0364 3.9
3 persons 16,522 17.5 1.0000 0.4872 0.2842 0.1992 0.1341 0.0997 0.0775 0.0603 0.0509 0.0437 0.0437 3.9
4 persons 19,876 15.8 1.0000 0.4572 0.2711 0.1772 0.1291 0.0965 0.0674 0.0590 0.0528 0.0453 0.0396 0.0396 3.8
5 persons 14,522 16.2 1.0000 0.4786 0.2788 0.1955 0.1480 0.1106 0.0814 0.0601 0.0487 0.0431 0.0337 3.9
6 or more persons 14,955 18.9 1.0000 0.5405 0.3293 0.2167 0.1836 0.1234 0.0890 0.0736 0.0620 0.0497 0.0375 5.1
Access to Health Insurance
Covered by health insurance 71,690 18.6 1.0000 0.4750 0.2902 0.1990 0.1573 0.1236 0.0978 0.0808 0.0704 0.0619 0.0578 0.0497 3.9
Private insurance 50,322 14.1 1.0000 0.3999 0.2203 0.1370 0.0993 0.0756 0.0576 0.0448 0.0384 0.0349 0.0328 0.0319 3.6
Medicare 9,119 27.7 1.0000 0.5149 0.3481 0.2713 0.2280 0.1947 0.1767 0.1574 0.1417 0.1320 0.1177 0.1177 4.6
Medicaid 21,673 28.6 1.0000 0.6530 0.4514 0.3393 0.2902 0.2345 0.1912 0.1646 0.1425 0.1248 0.1190 0.0955 7.3
Not covered by health insurance 30,722 17.6 1.0000 0.5219 0.3091 0.2143 0.1534 0.1076 0.0773 0.0636 0.0547 0.0452 0.0353 0.0312 4.4
Receipt of Public Assistance
Received public assistance2 29,804 27.3 1.0000 0.6504 0.4458 0.3287 0.2774 0.2180 0.1764 0.1496 0.1333 0.1177 0.1102 0.0901 7.3
Did not receive public assistance 72,609 14.6 1.0000 0.4230 0.2340 0.1519 0.1059 0.0777 0.0567 0.0451 0.0377 0.0318 0.0261 0.0255 3.7
1Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
2Public assistance programs include AFDC or General Assistance, Supplemental Security Income,
food stamps, Medicaid, and housing assistance.
Go to Poverty Dynamics 1996-99
Go to Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division
Last Revised: May 13, 2005
