Table 5. Odds Ratios (a) and (std errors (b)) for being at modal grade for age for children 6 to 17 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 1992 Wave 9, 1993 Wave 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Characteristics - Covariates Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 ---------------------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- Base Multivariate Prefered Relationship (b) Relationship Model N (unweighted) 11760 11760 11760 Chi-square (NA) 1031.141 *** 1022.512 *** d.f (NA) 41 29 a. Designated Parent's Background Characteristics Age Less than 35 1.000 (.061) 0.945 (.070) 0.941 (.069) 35-39 (R) 1 1 1 40 and over 1.049 (.059) 1.121 (.067) + 1.120 (.065) + Race White, non-Hispanic (R) 1 1 1 Black, non-Hispanic 0.675 (.070) *** 0.885 (.090) 0.867 (.086) + Hispanic, regardless of race 0.945 (.071) 1.158 (.091) 1.137 (.088) Other Race 1.462 (.144) ** 1.393 (.155) * 1.386 (.154) * Education Less than high school 0.613 (.066) *** 0.650 (.078) *** 0.646 (.077) *** 12 years or GED (R) 1 1 1 At least some college 1.266 (.056) *** 1.010 (.075) 1.057 (.061) Employment Designated Parent Employed 1.244 (.051) *** 1.119 (.081) 1.076 (.061) Designated Parent Not Employed (R) 1 1 1 Marital Status Designated Parent Currently Married (R) 1 1 1 Designated Parent Never Married 0.746 (.097) ** 1.097 (.128) 1.115 (.120) Designated Parent Previous Marriage 0.695 (.057) *** 0.848 (.085) + 0.880 (.068) + Region Northeast 1.489 (.072) *** 1.138 (.086) 1.151 (.085) + Midwest 0.995 (.062) 0.836 (.069) ** 0.838 (.068) ** South (R) 1 1 1 West 1.777 (.070) *** 1.452 (.082) *** 1.454 (.081) *** b. Child's Background Characteristics Age Single years from 6 through 17 0.900 (.007) *** 0.883 (.009) *** 0.880 (.009) *** Gender Boys (R) 1 1 1 Girls 1.581 (.050) *** 1.570 (.054) *** 1.585 (.053) *** Number of Siblings in Household One 0.997 (.066) 1.203 (.073) * 1.190 (.072) * Two (R) 1 1 1 Three 0.991 (.063) 1.050 (.068) 1.049 (.068) Four or more 0.768 (.072) *** 0.894 (.082) 0.899 (.081) Page 40 Table 5. Cont. Odds Ratios (a) and (std errors (b)) for being at modal grade for age for children 6 to 17 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 1992 Wave 9, 1993 Wave 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c. Circumstances Creating Stress in Child's Household School Mobility Never changed schools (R) 1 1 Changed school 1 or more times 0.711 (.049) *** 0.946 (.055) (d) Adults in Household with Disabilities No adults with disabilities (R) 1 1 1 1 or more adults with disabilites 0.645 (.057) *** 0.857 (.063) * 0.851 (.063) * Child has Limitations Relating to School No Limitations (R) 1 1 1 Child has limitations 0.339 (.087) *** 0.437 (.094) *** 0.432 (.093) *** d. Household Characteristics Adult availability One or Two adults in household (R) 1 1 Three or more adults in household 0.885 (.065) + 0.944 (.077) (d) Working adults Zero or one working adult in household (R) 1 1 Two or more working adults in household 1.273 (.049) *** 0.937 (.084) (d) Education of adults Zero or one adults with some college (R) 1 1 Two or more adults with some college 1.604 (.055) *** 1.068 (.084) (d) e. Economic Indicators Tenure in Current Residence Owns Residence 1 1 1 Does Not Own Residence 0.718 (.050) *** 0.875 (.066) * 0.858 (.063) * Designated Parent Receives Public Housing or Rent Assistance Does not Receive Aid 1 1 Recieves Aid 0.595 (.094) *** 0.892 (.114) (d) Family Income In Poverty and Missing 0.660 (.062) *** 0.851 (.085) + 0.845 (.078) * 100-300% of the Poverty Line 1 1 1 > 300% of the Poverty Line 1.374 (.058) *** 1.111 (.068) + 1.125 (.067) + Designated Parent Receives Child Support or Alimony Does not receive support 1 1 Receives Support 0.859 (.068) * 1.042 (.080) (d) Designated Parent Receives AFDC,WIC, FS or GA Does not receive support 1 1 Receives Support 0.600 (.061) *** 1.037 (.093) (d) Page 41 Table 5. Cont. Odds Ratios (a) and (std errors (b)) for being at modal grade for age for children 6 to 17 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 1992 Wave 9, 1993 Wave 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- f. Enrichment activities and television rules Participation in Sports Does not play sports (R) 1 1 1 Plays sports 1.336 (.051) *** 1.278 (.058) *** 1.290 (.058) *** Participation in Clubs Does not participate in clubs or groups (R) 1 1 1 Participates in clubs or groups 1.467 (.051) *** 1.242 (.057) *** 1.262 (.056) *** Particpation in lessons Does not take lessons (R) 1 1 Takes lessons 1.653 (.064) *** 1.099 (.071) (d) Parental Rules regarding television No rules regarding television (R) 1 1 1 Parents have rules regarding television 1.209 (.073) ** 0.832 (.081) * 0.836 (.080) * g. Neighborhood Context Impression of child related Neighborhood levels of social capital and safety. Medium or Positive Impression (R) 1 1 Poor Impression 0.787 (.051) *** 0.957 (.059) (d) Impression of child related Neighborhood levels of social capital (Trust in others) (d). Low trust in neighborhood/community 0.853 (.059) ** Medium trust in neighborhood/community (R) 1 (e) (e) High trust in neighborhood/community 1.078 (.060) Impression of child related Neighborhood levels of perceived dangers (d). Low danger in neighborhood/community 1.023 (.060) Medium danger in neighborhood/community (R) 1 (e) (e) High danger in neighborhood/community 0.836 (.061) ** Urbanicity Central city 0.838 (.059) ** 1.019 (.067) Suburbs (R) 1 1 (d) Non-metropolitan area 0.710 (.060) *** 0.983 (.075) Local Poverty Rate 20% in poverty or more (R) 1 1 Less than 20% in poverty 1.513 (.063) *** 1.026 (.079) (d) Population of Area Pop'n less than 1m or non-metro area 0.867 (.057) * 0.941 (.069) 0.932 (.061) Pop'n ge 1m and lt 5m (R) 1 1 1 Pop'n ge 5m and lt 10m 1.205 (.108) + 1.246 (.118) + 1.242 (.117) + Pop'n ge 10m 1.646 (.093) *** 1.580 (.110) *** 1.573 (.109) *** h. Intercept (NA) 11.310 (.195) *** 11.672 (.176) *** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + p<.10 * p<.05 ** p<.01 *** p<.001 a Antilog of the multinomial logit coefficient. b The standard errors are adjusted for the design effect of these SIPP panels. c Model 1 enters each set of dummy variables independently, not controlling for other relationships d Item dropped from model to improve model specification. e These aspects of neighborhood social capital are combined in the multivaiate model as impression of neighborhood item. (R) Indicates reference category for logistic regression. (NA) Not applicable/Not included in Model. Page 42