| Characteristics | All Citizens | All Citizens | All Citizens | All Naturalized Citizens | ||||||||
| Model 1: Base Model | Model 2: Includes Nativity Status | Model 3: Includes Region of Origin | Model 4: Includes Year of Entry and Region of Origion |
|||||||||
| Parameter Estimate |
Modified std error |
Odds Ratio |
Parameter Estimate |
Modified std error |
Odds Ratio |
Parameter Estimate |
Modified std error |
Odds Ratio |
Parameter Estimate |
Modified std error |
Odds Ratio |
|
| Nativity Status | ||||||||||||
| Naturalized | -0.4371 | 0.0555 | 0.65 | |||||||||
| Duration in the U.S. | ||||||||||||
| 11 to 25 years | 0.4741 | 0.1680 | 1.61 | |||||||||
| 26 to 45 years | 0.9202 | 0.2011 | 2.51 | |||||||||
| 46 to 65 years | 1.2914 | 0.3275 | 3.64 | |||||||||
| 66 years or more | 1.5404 | 0.4307 | 4.67 | |||||||||
| Region of Origin | ||||||||||||
| Europe | -0.2921 | 0.0883 | 0.75 | -0.1735 | 0.3607 | 0.84 | ||||||
| Asia | -0.5632 | 0.0987 | 0.57 | -0.1101 | 0.4002 | 0.90 | ||||||
| Latin America | -0.2880 | 0.0869 | 0.75 | 0.2688 | 0.4467 | 1.31 | ||||||
| Other North America | -0.2160 | 0.2458 | 0.81 | (R) | (R) | (R) | ||||||
| Other Regions | -0.4581 | 0.2249 | 0.63 | -0.3402 | 0.4556 | 0.71 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 0.2063 | 0.0229 | 1.23 | 0.2071 | 0.0229 | 1.23 | 0.2067 | 0.0229 | 1.23 | 0.0603 | 0.1175 | 1.06 |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 18 to 99 | 0.0260 | 0.0010 | 1.03 | 0.0266 | 0.0010 | 1.03 | 0.0264 | 0.0010 | 1.03 | 0.0201 | 0.0057 | 1.02 |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| Black, not Hispanic | 0.3867 | 0.0374 | 1.47 | 0.3907 | 0.0374 | 1.48 | 0.3875 | 0.0374 | 1.47 | 0.2422 | 0.3423 | 1.27 |
| Hispanic, regardless of race | -0.1005 | 0.0446 | 0.90 | -0.0226 | 0.0456 | 0.98 | -0.0475 | 0.0446 | 0.95 | -0.1118 | 0.3033 | 0.89 |
| Other race, not Hispanic | -0.6296 | 0.0615 | 0.53 | -0.4575 | 0.0654 | 0.63 | -0.3953 | 0.0615 | 0.67 | -0.2026 | 0.2223 | 0.82 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Married | 0.2348 | 0.0328 | 1.27 | 0.2417 | 0.0328 | 1.27 | 0.2423 | 0.0328 | 1.27 | -0.0106 | 0.1910 | 0.99 |
| Widowed, divorced, separated | -0.1006 | 0.0390 | 0.90 | -0.1015 | 0.0390 | 0.90 | -0.1002 | 0.0390 | 0.91 | -0.2781 | 0.2337 | 0.76 |
| Presence of Related Kids | -0.1141 | 0.0261 | 0.89 | -0.1103 | 0.0261 | 0.90 | -0.1096 | 0.0261 | 0.90 | -0.2339 | 0.1325 | 0.79 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| At least some college | 1.0555 | 0.0254 | 2.87 | 1.0597 | 0.0254 | 2.89 | 1.0618 | 0.0254 | 2.89 | 0.8534 | 0.1309 | 2.35 |
| Employment Status | ||||||||||||
| Employed | 0.1551 | 0.0289 | 1.17 | 0.1581 | 0.0289 | 1.17 | 0.1580 | 0.0289 | 1.17 | 0.0272 | 0.1505 | 1.03 |
| Not employed | 0.1073 | 0.0595 | 1.11 | 0.1104 | 0.0595 | 1.12 | 0.1079 | 0.0595 | 1.11 | 0.3226 | 0.3302 | 1.38 |
| Occupation | ||||||||||||
| Professional | 0.4047 | 0.0359 | 1.50 | 0.4035 | 0.0359 | 1.50 | 0.4028 | 0.0359 | 1.50 | 0.2128 | 0.1662 | 1.24 |
| Income | 0.1147 | 0.0077 | 1.12 | 0.1156 | 0.0077 | 1.12 | 0.1156 | 0.0077 | 1.12 | 0.1085 | 0.0381 | 1.12 |
| Dummy for Income | -0.1327 | 0.0399 | 0.88 | -0.1319 | 0.0399 | 0.88 | -0.1331 | 0.0399 | 0.88 | -0.7678 | 0.1879 | 0.46 |
| Tenure | ||||||||||||
| Owns | 0.2894 | 0.0282 | 1.34 | 0.2887 | 0.0282 | 1.34 | 0.2883 | 0.0282 | 1.33 | 0.0647 | 0.1401 | 1.07 |
| Length of Time at Address | ||||||||||||
| 1 to 4 years | 0.2498 | 0.0317 | 1.28 | 0.2502 | 0.0317 | 1.28 | 0.2491 | 0.0317 | 1.28 | 0.2184 | 0.1694 | 1.24 |
| 5 or more years | 0.6686 | 0.0335 | 1.95 | 0.6663 | 0.0335 | 1.95 | 0.6653 | 0.0335 | 1.95 | 0.3896 | 0.1728 | 1.48 |
| Metropolitan Status | ||||||||||||
| Suburb | -0.1579 | 0.0277 | 0.85 | -0.1612 | 0.0277 | 0.85 | -0.1617 | 0.0277 | -5.838458 | -0.1164 | 0.1207 | 0.89 |
| Nonmetropolitan | -0.0581 | 0.0334 | 0.94 | -0.073 | 0.0334 | 0.93 | -0.0739 | 0.0334 | 0.93 | -0.1234 | 0.2556 | 0.88 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | -0.0136 | 0.0317 | 0.99 | 0.00153 | 0.0318 | 1.00 | -0.0034 | 0.0317 | 1.00 | 0.1914 | 0.1603 | 1.21 |
| Midwest | 0.1782 | 0.0296 | 1.20 | 0.1794 | 0.0296 | 1.20 | 0.1776 | 0.0296 | 1.19 | 0.3049 | 0.2055 | 1.36 |
| West | 0.0765 | 0.0319 | 1.08 | 0.0800 | 0.0319 | 1.08 | 0.0787 | 0.0319 | 1.08 | 0.1202 | 0.1501 | 1.13 |
| Intercept | -1.7862 | 0.0626 | . | -1.8134 | 0.0627 | . | -1.8020 | 0.0627 | . | -1.7926 | 0.5098 | . |
R = Omitted Category
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey (CPS).