WPCH 9(b*/`"ji~$!*zDUb&nxC2rՈ7#)j g5=k|bnCAZ2݅?{ËQ Dg:]gޝi,Ox؞gTz9 2G478M*sS }_BUZ| d{hP!꺊 82u ?^bAæ2kpI#AD]s8NN)jUhe8ե!>RaA4ˋ}&k;oW~'` :I6s*NmD׾ʔ_rZg>B&d\Dz㦒 `I򾞐A?ZW`Ʋ VQf&XpBp%Wtizܓ&."'=pYwk%m<+O%clk Z>CW2=d_R~3Ռ^q?# UNU % 0: ^ w 4   m N/ E1 0U3 f a   @ 0A 0T-Tb; 0#@4bt zU>Obfab/l 0c0 1u 72 0wQ 0 0R 0 0 0m 0H 0D7 1{ 72b6 0:faf-f/a1 0VEb A 0~B 0Dbb fb 0ffaaf a D+ 0KD UB @8 f !a !f!a!!a5!bI!fM!oO!bB0%H0 BMm0 0V0f0f0a0a0f 1 01a1a1 01 02 0O3 03 04 025 05 06 0i7 08 08 0L9 09 0p: 0: 0; 0{< 0%= 0= 0g> 0> 0? 0@?@aSAfgAgAaiAiAiAiAiAf}AaAAA^AAKBBi> (_17  2( 4 <DL223  Ԁ2( 4 <DL2  *DD (_16   ," <DL,23  Ԁ," <DL,   *55 (_15  ) <DL)23  Ԁ) <DL)  *22 (_14 ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ&<<DL& ` *// (_13  #DL#23  Ԁ#DL#  *,, (_12   DL 23  Ԁ DL  *)) (_11 h DDL23  ԀDDL h *&& (_10  L23  ԀL  (## &_9   L23  Ԁ L  (>> &_8  2( 4 <DL223  2( 4 <DL2  (DD &_7   ," <DL,23  ," <DL,   (55 &_6  ) <DL)23  ) <DL)  (22 &_5 ` &<<DL&23  &<<DL& ` (// &_4  #DL#23  #DL#  (,, &_3   DL 23   DL  ()) &_2 h DDL23  DDL h (&& &_1  L23  L  &## $_   L23   L  L@2H:\DOCUMENT\CENSUSLO.GIFH:\documents\census logo.gif p<@  #H|@TABLE Qx|TABLE PTABLE D T <($USUS.,    1    _$ XXԀLinguisticallyisolatedhouseholdsarethosehouseholdswheretheprimarylanguagespokenisnotEnglish    andwherenooneovertheageoffourteenspeaksEnglishverywell. A <($USUS.,    2    _Ԁ$ XX0 ` Thelanguagesforthequestionnaireassistanceguidesavailablein1990wereArabic,Armenian,  Cambodian,Chinese,Creole,Croatian,Czech,Farsi,French,German,Greek,Hindi,Hungarian,  Italian,Japanese,Korean,Lao,Latvian,Lithuanian,Polish,Portuguese,Romanian,Russian, ` Samoan,SerboCroatian,Slovak,Slovene,Tagalog,Thai,Ukrainian,Vietnamese,andYiddish. _ <($USUS.,    3    _0 ` $ XXLanguageAssistanceGuideswereavailableinthefollowinglanguages:Albanian,Amharic,  Arabic,Armenian,Bengali,Burmese,Cambodian,Chamarro,Chinese,Creole(Haitian),Croatian, t Czech,Dari,Dinka,Dutch,Farsi,French,German,Greek,Hebrew,Hindi,Hmong,Hungarian, 8 Ilocano,Italian,Japanese,Korean,Kurdish,Laotian,Polish,Portuguese,Roma,Romanian, L Russian,Samoan,Serbian,Slovak,Somali,Spanish,Swahili,Tagalog,Thai,Tibetan,Tigrean,  Tongan,Ukrainian,Urdu,Vietnamese,andYiddish.` (#` (# #XX $q#0  $ XX !USUS.,  _ ҳ  ::1(# YXXCensus2000EvaluationA.4#XX Yx#Ԉ    AW ) xdExA :   YXX   `     h      p October7,2003 x  I  YUseofNonEnglish  1 QuestionnairesandGuidesin   theCensus2000Language E  Program# Y# h      p  G      FINALREPORT W     y& YXX y&ThisevaluationstudyreportstheresultsofresearchandanalysisundertakenbytheU.S.Census  Bureau.Itispartofabroadprogram,theCensus2000Testing,Experimentation,andEvaluation  (_TXE_)Program,designedtoassessCensus2000andtoinform2010Censusplanning.Findings  fromtheCensus2000_TXE_ԀProgramreportsareintegratedintotopicreportsthatprovidecontext  andbackgroundforbroaderinterpretationofresults.#XXXXi#KXXXXԀ#XXXKX ## YXX# p  {    `     h      p   DamonR.Smith &!    `     h      p   JohnJones '#    `     h      p      x AW ) xdE(xA (M$ q;L=-)`~0@+ " ` E+ " "{+8 q   `     h      p   DecennialStatistical  )\$    `     h      p   StudiesDivision F*%  (#(#(#(#, ((#(# Ї@jj& Y CONTENTS # Y #Ԉ     Vm  Vm 0       YEXECUTIVESUMMARY#""I(#. (#(##ivVm - ݌ N Ќ  Vm  Vm 0     1.BACKGROUND#""J(#. (#(##1Vm  ݌ N Ќ  Vm  Vm 0     2.METHODS#""J(#. (#(##3Vm ݌  N Ќ  Vm  Vmk 0     3.LIMITS#""J(#.(#(##5Vmk ݌  N Ќ  Vm  Vm%0     4.RESULTS#""J(#.f f (#(##6Vm%A݌ N  Ќ  !  !0  0` (#(#    4.10` ` (#` (#Howmanyhouseholdsweremailedanadvanceletterandhowmany N  householdsrequestedanonEnglishquestionnaire?#""J(#.E` (#` (##6!݌ N  Ќ  !  !?0  0` (#(#    4.20` ` (#` (#HowwerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsdistributed N  geographically?#""J(#.#` (#` (##8!?Z݌ N Ќ  !  !x0  0` (#(#    # Y c #  Y4.30` ` (#` (#HowmanynonEnglishquestionnaireswerereturnedasundeliverable!x݌N` (#` (# Ќ  !  !0  0` (#(#     ` asaddressed?#P"P"I(#.!` (#` (##11!݌ N Ќ  !  !0  0` (#(#    4.40` ` (#` (#WerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsinHardtoEnumerate!݌N` (#` (# Ќ  !  !0  0` (#(#     ` (HTE)tracts?#P"P"I(#.!` (#` (##13!݌ N Ќ  !  !w0  0` (#(#    4.50` ` (#` (#HowmanyoftherequestednonEnglishformswerecheckedinanddata N capturedbytheCensusBureau?Whatwastherelativefrequencyof N checkedinanddatacapturednonEnglishformsforthedifferentform N types?#P"P"I(#. ` (#` (##14!w݌ N Ќ  !  !b0  0` (#(#    4.60` ` (#` (#HowdidthenumberandpercentageofnonEnglishquestionnaires N requestedcomparetothenumberandpercentageofLAGsrequested?#P"P"I(#.$!$!V` (#` (##16!b}݌ N Ќ  Vm  Vm0     5.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS#P"P"I(#.DD,(#(##19Vm݌ N Ќ  Vm  Vm0     6.REFERENCES#P"P"I(#. (#(##21Vm݌  N Ќ  # Y #    Y 7.APPENDIXP"P"I(#. 22 "L     ,:(( ҳ 8XXdd8   _4   :LISTOFTABLES# #  @  @h     0   Table1DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsforHouseholdsMailed  AdvanceLetters#""J(#. (#(##6     H  Ho0     Table1aDistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnairesRequestedByLanguage#""J(#.S(#(##7Ho݌   Ќ  H  Hh0     Table2.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyCensusRegion#""J(#.Z Z Y(#(##8Hh݌   Ќ  Table2a.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyLanguageFormwithin    H  H0       CensusRegion#""J(#.T T (#(##9H݌   Ќ  H  Hݛ 0     Table2b.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyRegionalCensusHݛ ݌ (#(# Ќ  H  H!0       Centers(RCC)#P"P"I(#.H H (#(##10H!!݌   Ќ  H  HJ"0     Table3.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsReturnedasHJ"e"݌(#(# Ќ  H  H&#0       UndeliverableasAddressed#P"P"I(#.*(#(##11H&#A#݌  Ќ  0   Table3a.PercentageofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsReturnedasUndeliverable  asAddressedbyTypeofEnumerationArea#P"P"I(#.889(#(##12  H  H$0     Table4.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsinHardToEnumerate  Tracts#P"P"I(#.$ $ (#(##13H$%݌  Ќ  H  H&0     Table5.DistributionofRequestedNonEnglishQuestionnairesCheckedinandData  Captured#P"P"I(#. (#(##15H&&݌  Ќ  H  H!'0     Table5a:PercentageofCheckedinandDataCapturedNonEnglishQuestionnairesby  FormType#P"P"I(#. (#(##15H!'<'݌   Ќ  H  HB(0     Table6:ComparisonofRequestsforNonEnglishQuestionnairestoRequestsfor " LanguageAssistanceGuidesatQACsandthroughtheTQAProgramfor # LanguagesinwhichAlternateLanguageFormswereAvailable#P"P"I(#.llI(#(##17HB(](݌ $  Ќ  cXX # XX)#0   Table6a:ComparisonofRequestsforLAGsatQACstoRequestsforLAGsthroughthe &"" TQAProgramforallAvailableLanguages#P"P"I(#.7(#(##18 '## Appendix:DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyStateP"P"I(#.Q22XX Ԉ  )%% A:# XX+#%'V   `       EXECUTIVESUMMARY  w,# X,#     XX    `    @* XXThispaperdocumentstheuseofNonEnglishquestionnairesandguidesintheCensus  2000LanguageProgram.ForCensus2000,householdsweremailedanadvanceletterin  mailbackareas.Mailbackareaswerethoseenumerationareaswherecensusrespondents  mailedbacktheircensusquestionnaires,thatis,advancelettersweremailedtoaddresses   inmailout/mailback,updateleaveandurbanupdateleaveareas.Theadvanceletters   providedhouseholdsanopportunitytorequestanalternativelanguagequestionnairein   oneoffivedifferentlanguages.Shortandlongformquestionnaireswereavailableupon   requestinSpanish,Chinese,Tagalog,Vietnamese,andKoreanlanguages.#XX R-# XXRespondents   wereaskedtoreturntheiradvanceletterindicatingwhichlanguagequestionnairethey   wouldpreferinanenclosedprepaidenvelope.#XX 0# XXThisapproachspearheadedtheeffortto   encouragerespondentsinlinguisticallyisolatedhouseholds =#  1      ׀tocompleteacensus   questionnaire.   #XX 1# XXTheCensus2000LanguageProgramalsomadeavailablelanguageguidesinfortynine  differentlanguages.Thelanguageguideswereuserfriendlyvisualaidesthatassisted  respondentsincompletingtheCensus2000questionnairesforbothlongandshortforms.  ThelanguageguidesweremadeavailablethroughtheQuestionnaireAssistanceCenters,  LocalandRegionalCensusOffices,andcommunitygroupsandorganizations#XX 3# XX.Another  aspectoftheCensus2000LanguageProgramwastheTelephoneQuestionnaire  Assistanceprogram(seeChesnut,2002).Thisprogramansweredquestionsaboutforeign  languagequestionnaires,andallowedpotentialcensusrespondentstorequestalanguage  guidebymail.  #XX U5# XXԀ  ThisstudyprovidesresultsofnonEnglishformsrequestedfromhouseholdswhowere  mailedadvanceletters.TheseresultsarecomparedtothenumberofLanguage  AssistanceGuidesprovidedbyQuestionnaireAssistanceCenters(seeJonesandBarrett,  2003)andtothenumberofLanguageAssistanceGuidesrequestsreceivedbythe   TelephoneQuestionnaireAssistanceprogram. ! Ѐ " Thekeyfindingsofthisstudyareasfollows: #  0$()*+,-./(Ax3&"$3"  $3:2A3  0    Therewereover2.2millionrequestsfornonEnglishcensusquestionnaires.  %!! Householdsthatreceivedanadvanceletterwereofferedtheoptionofrequestinga &"" nonEnglishcensusquestionnaireinoneoffivelanguages.Thelanguagesoffered '## wereSpanish,Chinese,Tagalog,Vietnamese,andKorean#XX 7# XX.$3:.:݌  ($$(#(# %' %A %  "$3"  $3<2A3  0    Most(83.7percent)ofthehouseholdsthatrequestedalternativelanguage  questionnairesrequestedtheminSpanish .Nextwererequestsfor  questionnairesinChinese(6.8percent),followedbyKoreanquestionnaires  (4.5percent)#XX <# XX.$3<<݌  #XX m># XX(#(# #XX ># XX! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3?2A3  0    About39.4percentofthehouseholdsthatrequestedalternatelanguage   questionnaireswereincensustractsdesignatedasHardtoEnumerate.    Nationwide,about10.5percentofallhouseholdswerelocatedinHTEtracts(see   Methodssection).$3?%@݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3A2A3  0    Lessthanhalf(45.1percent)ofthehouseholdsrequestinganalternate   languageformreturnedtheseformsbymailwhichweresubsequently   checkedinanddatacaptured. $3AB݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3pC2A3  0    AlthoughtherewererequestsfornonEnglishquestionnairesfrom  householdsinallstates,mostoftheserequestswerefromhouseholdsinfour  states. Thefourstates,California(784,071requests),Texas(294,035requests),  NewYork(269,871requests)andFlorida(231,162requests)hadover200,000  requestsfornonEnglishlanguageforms.Thesefourstatesaccountedforabout  70.6percentoftherequestsnationwidewhilecoveringareasthatweremailedonly  28.4percentoftheadvanceletters.$3pCC݌(#(# Ќ  #XX 6?# XX"$3"  $3F2A3  0    About1.3percentoftherequestednonEnglishquestionnaireswerereturned  asUndeliverableAsAddressed. Thiswasabout8percentagepointslowerthan  thenationalpercent.Nationwide,about9.1percentofallforms(Englishandnon  English)werereturnedasUndeliverableAsAddressed.$3F G݌(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3H2A3  0    Whileover2.2million(2,235,435)householdsrequestedanonEnglish  questionnaireontheiradvanceletter,thenumberofrespondentsrequesting   languageassistanceguideswassubstantiallylower. Atleast93,672respondents ! requestedlanguageassistanceguidesfromQuestionnaireAssistanceCenters. "" Another77,191respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguidesthroughthe #  TelephoneQuestionnaireAssistanceprogram.$3H&I݌$ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3K2A3  0    Respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguidesinlanguagesotherthan &"" Spanish,Chinese,Korean,Tagalog,orVietnamese. About34.3percentofthe ' ## languageassistanceguidesrequestedatQuestionnaireAssistanceCentersand ($$$ 18.9percentofthelanguageassistanceguidesrequestedthroughtheTelephone )$%% QuestionnaireAssistanceprogramwereinlanguagesotherthanSpanish,Chinese, *$&& Korean,Tagalog,orVietnamese.$3KK݌+$''(#(# V VU V  ь  #XX F# ! ! XX  Recommendation   #XX "O# XX ToaccommodatetheneedsoftheincreasinglydiverseUnitedStatespopulation,and  tomeettheobjectivesofimprovingresponseratesanddataaccuracy,theCensus  Bureaushouldcontinuetotakeinitiativestohelprespondentsovercomelanguage   barriersincompletingcensusforms. Theseinitiativesshouldincludeprovidingan   opportunityforhouseholdstomakerequestsfornonEnglishquestionnairesviathe   advanceletters,providingguidesandquestionnairesatassistancecenters,andproviding   alternatelanguagetelephoneassistance.     Onesuggestionistoallowhouseholdstheopportunitytorequestlanguageassistance   guidesinadditiontononEnglishquestionnairesontheadvanceletter. Although   over2.2millionhouseholdsrequestedanonEnglishquestionnaire,thesequestionnaires   wereavailableinonlyfivelanguages. Thelanguageassistanceguideswereavailablein   49languages.DatafromtheTelephoneQuestionnaireAssistanceprogramandthe  QuestionnaireAssistanceCentersshowthatrespondentsrequestedguidesinmanyofthe  availablelanguages.However,therelativelylowdemandforguidesfromrespondentsas  reportedfromtheTelephoneQuestionnaireAssistanceprogram(77,191requests)andthe  QuestionnaireAssistanceCenters(93,672requests)suggeststhatmanyhouseholdswith  languagebarriersdidnotobtainlanguageassistanceguides.Thereexistsmoreeffective  waystoinformthepublicoftheiravailability. #XX O# XXԀ#XX V# XX  #XX >W# XXOnepotentiallyeffectivewayistogiverespondentstheopportunitytorequestlanguage  assistanceguidesontheadvanceletter.Doingthiswouldinformmillionsofhouseholds  oftheiravailability,andhopefullyraisethedemandfortheguidesbyhouseholdswith  languagebarriersinlanguagesotherthanthefivealternatelanguagesofferedfora  nonEnglishquestionnaire.Increasingtheavailabilityoftheguidescouldencourage  morehouseholdswithlanguagebarrierstocompletetheircensusforms.Priorresearch   donebytheCensusBureausuggeststhatofferingmorethanonelanguagequestionnaire ! tohouseholdsinlinguisticallyisolatedareassignificantlyincreasesthequestionnaire " completionrate(seeCorteville,1994pg10).Similarly,itislikelythatofferinglanguage # guidesinthemanyavailablelanguagesviatheadvanceletterwouldincreasethe $  completionrateofcensusquestionnairesinlinguisticallyisolatedhouseholds. Itis % ! plausiblethatmakinglanguageassistanceguidesmorewidelyavailablebymaking &"" themanoptionontheadvanceletterwillincreasetheoverallresponsetofuture '## censuses.  (#$  2U@#   1.BACKGROUND  ] # ]#Ԉ  SomeofthemainobjectivesoftheCensus2000weretoraisetheresponserates,improve  thedataaccuracy,andconductacosteffectivedecennialcensus.CensusBureauresearch  indicatedthattheinabilitytospeakorreadEnglishwasabarriertoasuccessful  enumeration.ThepurposeoftheCensus2000LanguageProgramwastosupportthe   censusobjectivesbyprovidingcensusinformationandassistanceinlanguagesotherthan   English,sothatlinguisticallyisolatedhouseholdsspeakingalanguageotherthanEnglish   couldrespondtothecensus.   Inthe1990Census,Spanishlanguageformsandlanguageassistanceguidesinthirtytwo   languages =#  2      ׀wereproducedandusedtoassistinbridgingthelanguagebarriersinthe   UnitedStates.The WereYouCounted?(WYC)programplacedWYCformsin   Englishandsevenotherlanguagesinnewspapersandotherprintedmedia,which   respondentscouldphotocopyandmailtotheCensusBureau.  FortheCensus2000DressRehearsal(DR),anattemptwasmadetotargetlinguistically  isolatedhouseholds.Targetedareaswithhighratesoflinguisticallyisolatedhouseholds  weremailedbothaquestionnaireinEnglishandaquestionnaireineitherSpanishor  Chinese.ThatoperationprovedtobenotfeasibleforCensus2000.ForCensus2000,the  languageprogramwasrevampedinanattempttoaccommodatetheshortcomingsofthe  duallanguagemailingconductedduringDR.  FortheCensus2000LanguageProgram,theCensusBureauofferedallhouseholdsin  mailbackareastheopportunitytorequestaspecificnonEnglishquestionnaire.Mailback  areaswerethoseenumerationareaswherecensusrespondentsmailedbacktheircensus  questionnaires,thatisareasthatusedthemailout/mailback,updateleaveandurban  updateleaveenumerationmethodology.TheopportunitytorequestanonEnglish  questionnairewasextendedtothosehouseholdsthatreceivedanaddressedadvanceletter.   Householdscouldrequestacensusforminoneoffivedifferentlanguagesbymarking ! theirpreferenceontheadvanceletterandreturningittotheCensusBureau.Shortand " longformquestionnaireswereavailableinSpanish,Chinese,Tagalog,Vietnamese,and # Koreanlanguages.AccordingtotheCensusBureau,theselanguagegroupswereamong $  thelargestlinguisticallyisolatedhouseholdpopulationsspeakingalanguageotherthan %!! English.Aprepaidenvelopewasprovidedforthereturnoftherequest.Oncethe &"" requestednonEnglishformsweremailedtothehouseholds,oneofthefollowing  occurred:  "$3"  $3k2A3  0    ThenonEnglishlanguageformwasreturnedtotheCensusBureaubythePostal  Serviceasundeliverableasaddressed(UAA).ThesewereformsthattheUnited  StatesPostalServicecouldnotdelivertothedesignatedaddressbecauseof   missingorerroneousaddressinformation.$3k?k݌ (#(# Ќ  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3m2A3  0    ThenonEnglishformwasmailedtotherespondentandneverreturnedtothe   CensusBureau.Instead,respondentsmayhaveneglectedtocompletetheirform   orelectedtocompletetheirforminotherwayssuchasfillingoutandmailingin   BeCountedformsorcompletingtheirformovertheInternet.$3mm݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3o2A3  0    ThenonEnglishformwasreturnedtotheCensusBureaubytherespondentand   theformwascheckedinanddatacaptured.$3op݌ (#(# Ќ  InadditiontoprovidinghouseholdswiththeopportunitytorequestanonEnglish  questionnaireontheadvanceletter,theCensus2000LanguageProgrammadeavailable  languageassistanceguides(LAGs)infortyninelanguages =#  3      .Thelanguageguideswere  userfriendlyvisualaidesthatassistedrespondentsinunderstandingtheCensus2000  questionnairesforbothlongandshortforms.Theyweremadeavailablefromthe  QuestionnaireAssistanceCenters(QACs),LocalandRegionalCensusOffices,  communitygroupsandorganizations,andtheTelephoneQuestionnaireAssistance(TQA)  program.     @%   2.METHODS t   XX XXWeuseddatafromtheDecennialMasterAddressFile(DMAF)asthesourceorasoneof & thesourcesofthefollowing: & ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3lv2A3  0    NumberofnonEnglishquestionnairesrequestedbylanguageform.$3lvv݌ &(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3bw2A3  0    NumberofnonEnglishquestionnairesreturnedtotheNationalProcessingCenter  & (NPC)asUAA$3bww݌ &(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3x2A3  0    NumberofnonEnglishquestionnairesrequestedbycensusregion,byformtype  & (shortorlongform),andbyRegionalCensusCenter(RCC).$3xx݌ & (#(# Ќ  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./VariablesontheDMAFalsoallowedustoproducedataonthenumberofnonEnglish &  questionnaires#XX u# XXbyRegionalCensusCenterandbylanguageform. &  Thetotalnumberofadvancelettersshownin Table1 (111,366,780)wasobtainedfrom & stateleveldatafilescontainingthenumberofmailableaddressesineachstate.The * numberofmailableaddressesineachstateresultedfromapplyingpostalupdatesoftware * tocensusaddressfiles.Thesestatelevelfilesallowedustocomputeboththenumberof * advancelettersmailedbystateshowninthe Appendix ,andthenumberofadvanceletters * mailedtoeachcensusregionshownin Table2 .TheCensusBureauwasbilledfor . 116,024,977addressesthatitprovidedtothevendorwhointurnprintedthelettersand 2 providedthemtothepostalserviceformailing.Webelievethedifferentcountsresulted 2 becausethePostalServicewasalsoaskedtodeliverablanketadvancelettertothose 2 addressesdeterminedtobeinvalid. 2 #XX {# XX Table4 providesdataonHardtoEnumerate(HTE)censustracts.Censustractsare 2 designatedasHTEwhentheyhavecharacteristicsthatpositivelycorrelatewithahigh 6 rateofcensusnonresponse,ahighrateofmailnonreturn,andahighcensusundercount. 6 Censustractswitharelativelyhighpercentageofthefollowingcharacteristicsaremost  6 likelytoreceivetheHTEdesignation: !6 "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Vacanthousingunits$3݌#6(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Twoormorehousingunitsperstructure$3݌$6 (#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Renteroccupiedunits$3݌%6!!(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Occupiedunitswithmorethanonepersonperroom$3݌&6""(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Householdsthatarenothusbandandwifefamilies$3݌'6##(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Occupiedunitswithnotelephone$3݌(6$$(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $32A3  0    Personsover25yearsofageandwhoarenothighschool )6%% graduates$3݌*6&&(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $3߈2A3  0    Personsbelowthepovertylevel$3߈0݌+6''(#(# Ќ  "$3"     `  $3؉2A3  0    Householdswithpublicassistanceincome$3؉)݌(#(# Ќ  "$3 "     `  $3ڊ2A3  0    Unemployedpersons$3ڊ+݌(#(# Ќ  "$3 "     `  $3Ƌ2A3  0    Linguisticallyisolatedhouseholds$3Ƌ݌(#(# Ќ  "$3 "     `  $3Œ2A3  0    Occupiedunitswherethehouseholdrecentlymovedin$3Œ݌(#(# Ќ  EachcensustractwasassignedaHardtoCount(HTC)score,baseduponthe   aforementionedcharacteristics.TractsthathadaHTCscoregreaterthan70weresaidto   beHTE.TheHTCscoresforeachcensustractwereonthe1990DataforCensus2000   PlanningDatabase(PDB)whichisbasedupon1990censusdataandgeographical   boundaries.AlthoughtheHTCscoreswerebasedupon1990Censusdata,theywere   proventobeaneffectivepredictorofcensusnonreturnratesandnetundercountratesin   the1995testcensusandtheCensus2000DressRehearsal.Theywereexpectedtobea   reliablepredictoroftheseratesinCensus2000.Forourtabulationswemergeddatafrom   thePDBwiththedatafromtheDMAF.   Thecheckindatashownin Table5 wasproducedfromthemailcheckin,mailcheckin  source,andsourceofdatacapturevariablesontheDMAF.Ouruniversewasthe  2,235,435nonEnglishquestionnairerequests.Specifically,wecountedthenumberof  questionnairescheckedinfromMarch26,2000toDecember31,2000whosemailcheck  insourcewasmailbackandthatweredatacapturedfrompaperquestionnaires.   WealsouseddatafromtheRecordofContactForm(D399)oftheQuestionnaire  AssistanceCenters(seeJonesandBarrett,2003)completedbycenterstafftodocument  thereasonsforvisitstothecenters.QuestionnaireAssistanceCentersweretargeted  locationsdesignedtoassistindividualswithquestionsaboutcensusquestionnairesand  individualswithlanguagebarrierstocompletingcensusforms.TheLAGswere  publicationsinfortynineforeignlanguagesdesignedtoaidrespondentsincompletionof  theshortandlongformquestionnaires.Theirpurposewastohelprespondents  experiencinglanguagebarrierscompletetheirEnglishform.Therespondentreadthe   guideintheappropriatelanguageandthenfilledinthecorrespondingresponseonhisor ! herEnglishlanguageform.Theguideswerenotdesignedtobecompletedandreturned " ascensusquestionnaires. # Inaddition,weuseddatafromthe TQAprogram(seeChesnut,2003)forouranalyses. %!! TheTQAprogramprovidedthefollowingservicesbyphonetopotentialcensus &"" respondents: '##  0$()*+,-./(Axx 0$()*+,-./"$3"     ` $32A3  0   Answeredquestionsaboutthecensusandcensusquestionnaires$3_݌($$ (# (# Ќ  "$3"     ` $3%2A3  0   Allowedrespondentstorequestalanguageguidebymail$3%j݌)%% (# (# Ќ  "$3"     ` $3*2A3  0   Allowedsomecallerstorespondtothecensusbyphoneinterview#XX #Ԁ$3*o݌*&& (# (# Ќ     `  +'' @% XX  3.LIMITS Ŝ#XX#Ԉ    XX! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $32A3  0    WecomparedthedistributionofrequestsfornonEnglishformswiththe  distributionofrequestsforLAGsatQACsbylanguage.However,completedata  onthenumberandtypeofLAGsrequestedbypotentialcensusrespondentsare  unavailable(seeJonesandBarrett2003).$3 ݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    RespondentsrequestingnonEnglishquestionnairescouldhaveelectedtocomplete   andmailinaBeCountedformorelectedtocompletetheirquestionnaireoverthe   Internet.ThemailcheckinpercentagecomputedinTable5doesnotincludethese    respondents.Itonlyincludesthoserespondentswhocompletedandmailedina   nonEnglishpaperquestionnairewhichwaslaterdatacaptured.$3 ݌ (#(# Ќ  #XX .# XX! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3a2A3  0    TheresultsinthisreportdonotincludeformsrequestedinPuertoRico.   HouseholdsinPuertoRicoweremailedSpanishformsbutwereofferedtheoption  ofrequestingtheEnglishversionofthecensusquestionnaire.Theresultsinthis  paperreflectstatesideonlynonEnglishcensusformrequests.$3a݌(#(# Ќ  ̀   #XX 矢# XXV  W#XX ȥ#`] \+&( `   o   @FF% XX  4.RESULTS #XX̦#     XX  4.10  Howmanyhouseholdsweremailedanadvanceletterandhowmany  householdsrequestedanonEnglishquestionnaire? u (#(# #XX V#XXXXXX Table1 #XX##XXXXo#XXXXXXgivesthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairerequestsforhouseholds   mailedadvanceletters.   ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3p2A3  0    Therewereatotalof2,235,435nonEnglishquestionnairesrequested.Thisis   2.0percentofthe111,366,780householdsmailedadvanceletters.$3p݌ (#(# Ќ  #XX ##XXXX# XX*YW_ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd +  "   " Table1:DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsforHouseholds d  MailedAdvanceLetters * b  * l '  '@9  Number '  '@C! Percent '  'HouseholdsMailedAdvanceLetters '8 '   @  @F 111,366,780 * SI!80 Y@100.0Y@S   @! 100.0 UWHC80 Y@100.0 Y@ U l  NonEnglishFormsRequested OWB W AA2235435AAO  @@6  2,235,435 xWkE 0 AA2235435 AAW @2.0@x  2.0 WWFA 0 @2.0 @W W l  NoAlternativeLanguageFormsRequested UWDhW DA 109131345DAU   109,131,345 WnGh0 DA 109131345 DAW X@98.0X@ J!J!F" 98.0 I?=h X@98.0  X@W I* Obtainedfromstateleveldatafilescontainingthenumberofmailableaddresses   Householdsmailedanadvanceletterwereofferedtheopportunitytorequestanon  Englishquestionnaireinfivealternatelanguages:Spanish,Chinese,Korean,Tagalog,and  Vietnamese.   Ԁ Table1a showsthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairesrequestedby  language .  #XX #  XX 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $32A3  0    ThemostfrequentlyrequestedlanguageformwasSpanish.About83.7percentof   therequests(approximately1.9millionhouseholds)wereforSpanish  ! questionnaires .$3݌!"(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3k2A3  0    Therewere151,752requestsforChineseforms,whichrepresented6.8percentof #$ thenonEnglishformrequests;101,653requestsforKoreanforms,which $% represented4.5percentofthenonEnglishformrequests;and91,765requestsfor % & Vietnameseforms,whichrepresented4.1percentofthenonEnglishform &!' requests.$3k݌'"((#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    LessthanonepercentofthenonEnglishformrequestswerefortheTagalog )$* language(19,200requests). #XX D# XX$3ݹ݌*%+(#(# Ќ    +&, *6W8dddd dd dd YW_(#(#,( dd ,( dd ,( dd +  " " & 4 Table1a:DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnairesRequestedByLanguage * d *NonEnglishForm  Requested ' '  NumberofNonEnglish  FormsRequested 0&!0 0  PercentofNonEnglish  FormsRequested 0&!0 0 Spanish LB6  ٌ96   T@83.7 T@ H Chinese KA   @A151752@AK  151,752 tjD  0 @A151752 @A 333333@6.8333333@t  6.8 PFA  0 333333@6.8 333333@ P Korean KA^  P@101653P@K  101,653 tjD^ 0 P@101653 P@ @4.5@t!!G" 4.5 G=8^  @4.5 @ G Vietnamese J@ B  Pg@91765Pg@J     D 91,765 j`: B  Pg@91765 Pg@ ffffff@4.1ffffff@j!!G" 4.1 G=8 B  ffffff@4.1 ffffff@ G Tagalog J@  @19200@J  19,200 siC 0 @19200 @ ?0.9?s!!G" 0.9 NW=8  ?0.9 ? N Total SWBj W AA2235435AAS<<+ 2,235,435 uWd<j  AA2235435 AAW Y@100.0Y@u E" 100.0 J@>j  Y@100.0  Y@W J'4f ,f'3 ]    4.20  HowwerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsdistributedgeographically?(#(#  WeexaminedthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairesbystate,censusregion,and  RegionalCensusCenter.     4.2.1 HowwerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsdistributedbystate?    The Appendix givesthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairerequestsbystate.It   alsogivesthedistributionofadvancelettersbystate.   ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $32A3  0    Fourstates:California(784,071requests),Texas(294,035requests),NewYork   (269,871requests)andFlorida(231,162requests)hadover200,000requestsfor   nonEnglishlanguageforms.Thesefourstatesaccountedforabout70.6percent   oftherequestsfortheseformsnationwidewhilecoveringareasthatweremailed   only28.4percentoftheadvanceletters   p      x $3݌ (#(# Ќ  4.2.2 HowwerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsdistributedbyregion?   Table2 presentsthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairerequestsbycensusregion.  Italsogivesthedistributionofadvancelettersbyregion.  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3;2A3  0    TheWesthadthehighestnumberofrequests(953,028).ItcontainsCalifornia,  whichhadthehighestnumberofnonEnglishquestionnairerequests(784,701).$3;h݌(#(# Ќ  0  TheSouthhadthesecondhighestnumberofrequests(664,837).ItcontainsTexas  (294,035requests)andFlorida(231,162requests)whichweretwoofthefour  stateswithover200,000nonEnglishquestionnairerequests.(#(# Ѐ*7WQdd( dd ( ( dd ( ( dd ( 6W8(#(#,dd ,'dd ,'dd ,dd ,dd +  " " Table2:DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyCensusRegion * /` * #XX ź#$ XXRegion #XX $# XX    l  l '" ' #XX #$ XXNumberof    Questionnaire !! Requests#XX $# XX 'E"v" ' #XX (#$ XXNumberof  # AdvanceLetters#XX $# XX '!$ ' #XX #$ XXPercentof  % AdvanceLetters !& thatgenerated E"v' #XX $u#$ XXRequests #XX $# XX '#8( ' #XX j#$ XXPercentofNonEnglish  ) QuestionnaireRequests#XX $# XX '!* 'West KA]$ +  -A953028-A K   @ 953,028 yoD]$ ,  -A953028 -A  QwA24451582QwA y@!24,451,582 mc=]$ - QwA24451582 QwA  333333@3.9333333@ m@23.9 i_8]$ . 333333@3.9 333333@  LE@42.6LE@ i@cc@ 42.6 H>9]$ / LE@42.6 LE@  HSouth KA%""0  J$A664837 J$AK@~ ~  664,837 pf;%""1  J$A664837  J$A A37150813Ap  @@&0 @ 37,150,813 vlF%""2  A37150813 A ?1.8?v@21.8 i_8%""3 ?1.8 ? =@29.8=@i@cc@ 29.8 H>9%""4 =@29.8 =@ HNortheast KA'#5 ܴA453943ܴAK   @ 453,943 yoD'#6  ܴA453943 ܴA 0PuA223512670PuAy   @ 22,351,267 vlF'#7  0PuA22351267 0PuA @2.0@v   @ 2.0 rhA'#8  @2.0 @ L4@20.3L4@r  20.3 QGB'#9  L4@20.3 L4@ QMidwest KA)J%: XA163627XAK@~ ~  163,627 pf;)J%; XA163627 XA $zA27413118$zAp   @ 27,413,118 vlF)J%<  $zA27413118 $zA 333333?0.6333333?v@20.6 h^8)J%= 333333?0.6 333333? 333333@7.3333333@h@A 7.3 G=8)J%> 333333@7.3 333333@ GTotal LB*&?  AA2235435AA L@- -  2,235,435 rh<*&@ AA2235435 AA  IA 111366780IA r   @ 111,366,780 wmG*&A  IA 111366780 IA  @2.0@ w@22.0 j`8*&B @2.0 @  Y@100.0Y@ j@--@ 100.0J@>*&C Y@100.0  Y@  J  +(C  Table2a presentsthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairerequestsbylanguage  formwithincensusregion.  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $32A3  0    ThemostrequestednonEnglishlanguageformsineachregionweretheSpanish  languageforms.Inthesouthabout90.0percentoftherequestednonEnglish  formswereSpanish.Inthewest,thepercentagewasabout80.2percent.$3݌(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    Thenextmostrequestedlanguageforminthreeofthefourregionswerethe   Chineselanguageforms.Inthesouth,Vietnamesewasthenextmostrequested   languageform.$3݌  (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    Ineachregion,theleastrequestednonEnglishquestionnairewasTagalog.$3=݌ (#(# Ќ  *zW|dddd 'dd ''dd 'dd dd 7WQ(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  "   " Table2a:DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyLanguageForm 7h  withinCensusRegion * 5f  *#XX Y#&+%XX +! +@ v  West .$ .@  & South .$ .@2j Northeast .$ .@A Midwest 1W  1 Form @ .W3dW .@  Number .W3dW .Percent .W3dW . o @%%!QNumber .W3dW .Percent .W3dW .Number .W3dW .Percent .W3dW .@=ENumber .W3dW .Percent 3d  0& <W 0Spanish ]S!w Q'A764150Q'A]  764,150 ukDw # Q'A764150 Q'A  T@80.2 T@u  80.2 ~tBw!   T@80.2  T@ A"A598253A"A~@@@@!Q598,253 ~tDw"" A"A598253 A"A V@90.0V@~90.0 ~tBw#" V@90.0 V@ 0A3751800A~375,180 ~tDw$" 0A375180 0A ̬T@82.7̬T@~82.7 ~tBw%" ̬T@82.7 ̬T@ PKA133482PKA~@@44=E133,482 ~tDw&" PKA133482 PKA ffffffT@81.6ffffffT@~81.6 ZPBw'" ffffffT@81.6 ffffffT@ ZChinese \R!( `@76582`@\  76,582 siC)# `@76582 `@  @8.0 @s  8.0 |rA*   @8.0  @ @19340@|19,340 |rC+" @19340 @ 333333@2.9333333@|2.9 |rA," 333333@2.9 333333@ @45008@|45,008 |rC-" @45008 @ #@9.9#@|9.9 |rA." #@9.9 #@ #@10822#@|10,822 |rC/" #@10822 #@ ffffff@6.6ffffff@|6.6 YOA0" ffffff@6.6 ffffff@ YKorean \R!O1 @^@51954@^@\  51,954 siCO2# @^@51954 @^@ @5.4@s  5.4 |rAO3  @5.4 @ @17411@|@@jj!Q17,411 |rCO4" @17411 @ @2.6@|2.6 |rAO5" @2.6 @ @23486@|23,486 |rCO6" @23486 @ @5.2@|5.2 {qAO7" @5.2 @ c@8902c@{8,902 {qBO8" c@8902 c@ @5.4@{5.4 YOAO9" @5.4 @ YVietnamese \R!: @48453@\  48,453 siC;# @48453 @ ffffff@5.1ffffff@s  5.1 |rA<  ffffff@5.1 ffffff@ @26694@|26,694 |rC=" @26694 @ @4.0@|4.0 {qA>" @4.0 @ ܾ@7900ܾ@{7,900 {qB?" ܾ@7900 ܾ@ 333333?1.7333333?{1.7 {qA@" 333333?1.7 333333? @8718@{8,718 {qBA" @8718 @ 333333@5.3333333@{5.3 YOAB" 333333@5.3 333333@ YTagalog \R!'XC 8@118898@\  11,889 siC'XD# 8@11889 8@ ?1.3?s  1.3 {qA'XE  ?1.3 ? @3139@{@@"Q3,139 {qB'XF" @3139 @ ?0.5?{0.5 {qA'XG" ?0.5 ? @2369@{2,369 {qB'XH" @2369 @ ?0.5?{0.5 {qA'XI" ?0.5 ? ,@1803,@{1,803 {qB'XJ" ,@1803 ,@ ?1.1?{1.1 \WOA'XK" ?1.1 ?  \Total `WS!L W -A953028-A `953,028 yWlDM3 -A953028 -A W Y@100.0Y@ y  100.0 WuCN  Y@100.0 Y@ W  J$A664837 J$A @@@@!Q664,837 WuDO"  J$A664837  J$A W Y@100.0Y@ 100.0 WuCP" Y@100.0 Y@ W ܴA453943ܴA 453,943 WuDQ" ܴA453943 ܴA W Y@100.0Y@ 100.0 WuCR" Y@100.0 Y@ W XA163627XA 163,627 WuDS" XA163627 XA W Y@100.0Y@ 100.0SIGT" Y@100.0  Y@ W S#XX%&+#   XX K+|'` 4.2.3HowwerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsdistributedbyRegionalCensus  Center?      `    Table2b presentsthedistributionofnonEnglishquestionnairerequestsbyregional  censuscenter(RCC).  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3] 2A3  0    TheLosAngelesRCChadthehighestpercentage(28.6percent)ofnonEnglish   formsrequestedamongthetwelveRCCs,whiletheNewYorkandDallasRCCs   hadthesecondandthirdhighestpercentages(15.4percentand13.5percent   respectively)ofnonEnglishformsrequested.TogetherthesethreeRCCsreceived    overhalf(57.5percent)oftheNonEnglishformrequests.$3]  ݌  (#(# Ќ  *GWHd ddd =dd =dd =dd =dd =dd =dd =dd Ddd zW|(#(#,%dd +     &  A Table2b.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaire 5f  RequestsbyRegionalCensusCenters(RCC) (3d   ( A'*lCWFdd%dd %GWH(#(#l,Sdd ,dd ,4dd +  'aa '$   RegionalCensus  Center  l 9/! 9   NumberofNonEnglish  QuestionnaireRequests 9/!0 9   PercentofNonEnglish  QuestionnaireRequests #  $#$   0&!0 0#  $p#LosAngeles KA B#A639649B#AK   @  @ 639,649 ~tD0 B#A639649 B#A <@28.6<@~28.6 QGB3 <@28.6 <@ QNewYork KAq  A344763 AK"=344,763 uk;q  A344763  A .@15.4.@u15.4 QGBq3 .@15.4 .@ QDallas KA6 nA301953nAK  301,953 ~tD60 nA301953 nA +@13.5+@~  13.5 QGB63 +@13.5 +@ QAtlanta KA A263741AK  263,741 ~tD0 A263741 A '@11.8'@~   11.8 QGB 3 '@11.8 '@ QSeattle KA-^! x#A197743x#AK  197,743 }sD-^"0 x#A197743 x#A !@8.9!@}u  8.9 PFA-^#3 !@8.9 !@ PDenver KA$ @120921@K  120,921 }sD%0 @120921 @ @5.4@}  5.4 PFA&3 @5.4 @ PChicago KAU'  _@112114 _@K  112,114 }sDU(0  _@112114  _@ @5.0@}$  5.0 PFAU)3 @5.0 @ PBoston J@* C@70713C@J  70,713 @  @ |rC+0 C@70713 C@  @3.2 @|3.2 PFA,3  @3.2  @ PPhiladelphia J@}!- @65519@J  65,519 |rC}!.0 @65519 @ 333333@2.9333333@|2.9 PFA}!/3 333333@2.9 333333@ PCharlotte J@#B0 @59400@J  59,400 |rC#B10 @59400 @ @2.7@|  2.7 PFA#B23 @2.7 @ PKansasCity J@$ 3 `@38627`@J  38,627 |rC$ 40 `@38627 `@ 333333?1.7333333?|H!  1.7 PFA$ 53 333333?1.7 333333? PDetroit J@9&j"6 @20292@J  20,292 |rC9&j"70 @20292 @ ?0.9?|0.9 SWFA9&j"83 ?0.9 ? STotal l  OWB'#9W AA2235435AAO =2,235,435 zWm<'#: AA2235435 AAW Y@100.0Y@z100.0SIG'#;3 Y@100.0 Y@W S'5  +((> Ї4.30  HowmanynonEnglishquestionnaireswerereturnedasundeliverableas  addressed(UAA)? (#(#  Table3 presentsthedistributionofhouseholdsthatrequestedanonEnglish  questionnaire,butwerereturnedtotheNPCasUAA.Advanceletterswerereturnedto  NPCbythePostalServicewhentheycouldnotbedeliveredtothedesignatedaddress  becauseofmissingorerroneousaddressinformation.    0$()*+,-./(Ayx0$()*+,-./"$3"  ݀$3'2A3  0    OfthosenonEnglishquestionnairesrequested,1.3percentwerereturnedtoNPC   asundeliverableasaddressed.Thispercentagewasabout8percentagepoints   lowerthanthenationalrate.About9.1percentofall(EnglishandnonEnglish)   formswerereturnedasUAA,nationwide(seeKohn,2003,pg.10).Onepossible   reasonthatsomenonEnglishquestionnaireswereUAAwasthattheaddresses   representedvacanthousingunits.$3''݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  ݀$3o*2A3  0    AlthoughSpanishformswerethemostrequestedamongthefivelanguages,only  about1.2percentoftheSpanishquestionnairesrequestedwerereturnedtoNPCas  UAA.About2.3percentoftherequestedKoreanquestionnaireswerereturnedas  UAA.$3o**݌(#(# Ќ  ݀    XX *WddSdd Sdd 4dd 4CWF(#(#,xdd +   &  # XXx,# ATable3.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsReturnedas 3d UndeliverableasAddressed A-(1b  (*lDWEddxdd xW(#(#l,dd ,Sdd ,'dd ,dd ,Vdd +    ee XX  NonEnglishForm  Requested    0&y 0a/  Numberof  NonEnglish  Forms  Requested 9/!3 9Numberof   NonEnglish ! Forms " Returned # UAA @ X  ԍYX  ԍYX  ԍYX  ԍYX  ԍYX  ԍY 9/!y$3 9Percentof % NonEnglish & Forms ' ReturnedV   ( W2UAA @  y) (Within e* Language) 9/!Q +3 9Percentof , NonEnglish - Forms . Returned / UAA@@ E  y0     (Overall e1 UAAs) 0&!Q 23 04Spanish UK!3 ٌ3 P@101653 P@ z@2365z@~2,365 {qB$!?3 z@2365 z@ ffffff@2.3ffffff@{2.3 zpA$!@3 ffffff@2.3 ffffff@  @8.3 @z8.3 PFA$!A3  @8.3  @ PVietnamese SIQ&"B Pg@91765Pg@S91,765 |rCQ&"C3 Pg@91765 Pg@ @@936@@|936 zpAQ&"D3 @@936 @@ ?1.0?z1.0 zpAQ&"E3 ?1.0 ? ffffff @3.3ffffff @z3.3 PFAQ&"F3 ffffff @3.3 ffffff @ PTagalog SI'$G @19200@S19,200 |rC'$H3 @19200 @ Pr@293Pr@|293 zpA'$I3 Pr@293 Pr@ ?1.5?z1.5 zpA'$J3 ?1.5 ? ?1.0?z1.0'3l-QGE'$K3 ?1.0  ? Q*Wdddd Sdd S'dd 'dd Vdd VDWE(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,Fdd +  #(%K(% #Total UKQ)%L AA2235435AAU2,235,435 vEQ)%M3 AA2235435 AA @28604@28,604 |rCQ)%N3 @28604 @ ?1.3?|1.3 YOAQ)%O3 ?1.3 ? Y100.1*6,*Q)%P3   6*Percentagesmaynotaddto100percentduetoroundingerror. t*&P  # XX/#  `+'Q ЇAdvancelettersweremailedtohouseholdsinmailbackareas.Mailbackareaswerethose  enumerationareaswherecensusrespondentsmailedbacktheircensusquestionnaires,that  ismailout/mailback,updateleaveandurbanupdateleaveareas. Table3a providesthe  numberandpercentageofallNonEnglishformsrequestedthatwerereturnedasUAA,  bytypeofenumerationarea(TEA).ThepercentageisofthespecificnonEnglish  questionnairerequestsintheTEA.  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axy0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3eF2A3  0    Overall,about1.3percentofthealternatelanguageformsrequestedinmailback   areaswerereturnedasUAA.About1.8percentofthealternatelanguageforms   requestedinupdateleaveareaswerereturnedasUAA.$3eFF݌  (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3H2A3  0    EachalternatelanguageformhadasmallerpercentageofformsreturnedasUAA   inmailout/mailbackareasthaninupdateleaveareas. $3HFH݌ (#(# Ќ  *]Wydddd dd dd dd Fdd FW(#(#,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,dd ,9dd ,dd +  " "$  &    $Table3a:NumberandPercentageofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequests 5f ReturnedasUAAbyTypeofEnumerationArea#$  oK# * 3d  *NonEnglish  FormRequested   l +!Iz +Mailout/Mailback  Areas .$ .UpdateLeave  Areas .$ .UrbanUpdate  LeaveAreasand  OtherTEAs* .$Iz .  Total 3)$  3 0& 0Number 9/!" 9Percent    OO"O 9/!a 9Number 9/! " 9Percent 9/!!" 9Number 9/!"" 9Percent 9/!#" 9Number 9/!$" 9Percent 0&!%" 0 Spanish  l SI& @@22121@@S 22,121 |rC'" @@22121 @@ 333333?1.2333333?|1.2 zpA(" 333333?1.2 333333? @853@z853 zpA)" @853 @ 333333?1.7333333?z1.7 yoA*" 333333?1.7 333333?  G@47G@y47 yo@+"  G@47 G@ ?0.8?y0.8 |rA," ?0.8 ? @{@23021@{@|23,021 |rC-" @{@23021 @{@ 333333?1.2333333?|1.2 PFA." 333333?1.2 333333? P Korean RH@/ >@2335>@R 2,335 {qB@0" >@2335 >@ ffffff@2.3ffffff@{ 2.3 yoA@1" ffffff@2.3 ffffff@  :@26:@y 26 yo@@2"  :@26 :@ 333333@2.4333333@y 2.4 xnA@3" 333333@2.4 333333@  @4@x 4 xn?@4"  @4 @ ?0.9?x 0.9 {qA@5" ?0.9 ? z@2365z@{ 2,365 {qB@6" z@2365 z@ ffffff@2.3ffffff@{ 2.3 PFA@7" ffffff@2.3 ffffff@ P Chinese RHg8 @1966@R 1,966 {qBg9" @1966 @ ?1.3?{1.3 yoAg:" ?1.3 ?  5@215@y21 yo@g;"  5@21 5@ 333333?1.7333333?y1.7 xnAg<" 333333?1.7 333333?  @2@x2 xn?g="  @2 @ 333333?0.3333333?x0.3 {qAg>" 333333?0.3 333333? @1989@{1,989 {qBg?" @1989 @ ?1.3?{1.3 PFAg@" ?1.3 ? P Vietnamese QGA @916@Q916 zpAB" @916 @ ?1.0?z1.0 yoAC" ?1.0 ?  1@171@y17 yo@D"  1@17 1@ ?1.8?y1.8 xnAE" ?1.8 ?  @3@x3 xn?F"  @3 @ @2.6@x2.6 zpAG" @2.6 @ @@936@@z936 zpAH" @@936 @@ ?1.0?z1.0 PFAI" ?1.0 ? P Tagalog QGHJ q@280q@Q 280 zpAHK" q@280 q@ ?1.5?z1.5 yoAHL" ?1.5 ?  (@12(@y12 yo@HM"  (@12 (@ @2.2@y2.2 xnAHN" @2.2 @  ?1?x1 xn?HO"  ?1 ? ffffff?1.9ffffff?x1.9 zpAHP" ffffff?1.9 ffffff? Pr@293Pr@z293 zpAHQ" Pr@293 Pr@ ?1.5?z1.5 WWFAHR" ?1.5 ? W TotalNonEnglish o S Forms ZWI3!dTW @27618@Z 27,618 WrCo U" @27618 @W ?1.3?1.3 WpAo V" ?1.3 ?W @929@929 WpAo W" @929 @W ?1.8?1.8 WoAo X" ?1.8 ?W  L@57L@57 Wo@o Y"  L@57 L@W ?0.8?0.8 WrAo Z" ?0.8 ?W @28604@28,604 WrCo [" @28604 @W ?1.3?1.3 QGEo \" ?1.3  ?W Q'5cK  $* Thiscategoryincludesmilitaryupdateleaveareas  '"X\    ,J(f Ї4.40  WerethenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsinHardtoEnumerate(HTE)  tracts?(#(#  jTable4 presentsthenonEnglishquestionnairerequestsbyHTEtracts.AnHTEtract  wasdefinedtobeatractlikelytohaveahighnonresponserate.Eachcensustractwas  assignedascorethatwasbaseduponvariablesknowntohaveastrongpositive  correlationwiththecensusnonreturnrate.Thehigherthescore,thegreaterthelikelihood   thatthetractwouldhaveahighnonreturnrate.HardtoEnumeratetractsweresaidtobe   thosewithscoresexceeding70.AccordingtothePlanningDatabase(PDB),about   12.6percentofallcensustractsareclassifiedasHTE.    ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3n2A3  0    About39.4percentofthetotalnumberofnonEnglishquestionnaireswere   requestedbyhouseholdslocatedinHTEtracts.Nationwide,about10.1percentof   householdswerelocatedinHTEtracts(seeMethodssection).$3nn݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $3p2A3  0    About43.1percentoftheSpanishformswererequestedfromhouseholdsinHTE  censustracts.Only17.3percentoftheKoreanformswererequestedfrom  householdsinHTEcensustracts.$3pp݌(#(# Ќ  XX *MWNd ddd 9dd 9dd 9dd 9dd 9dd 9dd 9dd 9dd ]Wy(#(#,xdd +   & @ # XXr# ATable4.DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsinHardTo N EnumerateTracts As (L  (*lOWPddxdd xMWN(#(#l,dd ,dd ,dd , dd +  IzIz XX  NonEnglishForms  Requested    0& 0 NumberofNon  EnglishForms  RequestedinHTE  Tracts @@# 9/!q3 9 TotalNumber  ofNonEnglish  Forms  Requested 9/!q3 9 PercentofNonEnglish   FormsRequestedin ! HTETracts  "  0&!q#3 0Spanish TJ"$ ԕ(A805610ԕ(AT805,610 wD"%3 ԕ(A805610 ԕ(A ٌ9 L F@45.0 F@ H Chinese TJ  @A151752@AT 151,752 uD " @A151752 @A @@72516@@ 󀀀72,516 }sC " @@72516 @@ fffffG@47.8fffffG@} 47.8 QGB " fffffG@47.8 fffffG@ Q Korean TJ L  P@101653P@T 101,653 uD L " P@101653 P@ H@49734H@ 󀀀49,734 }sC L " H@49734 H@ 33333sH@48.933333sH@} 48.9 QGB L " 33333sH@48.9 33333sH@ Q Vietnamese SI  Pg@91765Pg@S 91,765 ~tC " Pg@91765 Pg@ ` @38987` @~ 󀀀38,987 }sC " ` @38987 ` @ @E@42.5@E@} 42.5 QGB " @E@42.5 @E@ Q Tagalog SIL  @19200@S 19,200 }sCL " @19200 @ @5399@}Ѐ 5,399 |rBL " @5399 @ <@28.1<@| 28.1 QGBL " <@28.1 <@ Q Total UK ! AA2235435AAU 2,235,435 xE "" AA2235435 AA h.A1009204h.A 1,009,204 uE #" h.A1009204 h.A ̌F@45.1̌F@ 45.1RHF $" ̌F@45.1  ̌F@ R XX#XX 矢# XX Table5a presentsthepercentageofnonEnglishformsreceivedanddatacapturedthat % wereshortandlongforms. & ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3C2A3  0    About85.9percentofthetotalnumberofnonEnglishformsreceivedbyNPC ( wereshortforms.About14.1percentofthetotalnumberofnonEnglishforms ) receivedanddatacapturedwerelongforms.$3Cp݌*(#(# Ќ    * W!dd` dd ` Sdd Sdd dd ZW[(#(#,`dd ,Fdd ,dd ,dd +  ", "& < ATable5a:PercentageofCheckedinandDataCapturedNonEnglish  #T-  Questionnaires AB byFormType * !R. * *X  XX*NonEnglishForm / Requested '0 'V  . XX  X.W   Numberof 1 Forms 2 Received 0&!3  0   Percentageof 4 FormsReceived 5 thatwereShort 6 Forms 0&! 7  0   Percentageof 8 FormsReceived 9 thatwere Long : Forms  @ 0&! ;  0Spanish TJK"|< )A842568)AT842,568 ~tDK"|=" )A842568 )A fffffU@86.1fffffU@~86.1 |rBK"|>" fffffU@86.1 fffffU@ +@13.9+@|13.9 QGBK"|?" +@13.9 +@ QChinese SI# @ @@72516@@S72,516 }sC# A" @@72516 @@ ffffffU@85.6ffffffU@}85.6 |rB# B" ffffffU@85.6 ffffffU@ ,@14.4,@|14.4 QGB# C" ,@14.4 ,@ QKorean SIs%!D H@49734H@S49,734 }sCs%!E" H@49734 H@ LU@85.2LU@}85.2 |rBs%!F" LU@85.2 LU@ -@14.8-@|14.8 QGBs%!G" -@14.8 -@ QVietnamese SI'8#H ` @38987` @S38,987 }sC'8#I" ` @38987 ` @ T@83.9T@}83.9 |rB'8#J" T@83.9 T@ 0@16.10@|16.1 QGB'8#K" 0@16.1 0@ QTagalog RH($L @5399@R5,399 |rB($M" @5399 @ 33333T@82.333333T@|82.3 |rB($N" 33333T@82.3 33333T@ 333331@17.7333331@|17.7 XWWGB($O" 333331@17.7 333331@ XTotal \WWK/*`&PWW h.A1009204h.A\1,009,204 WWuE/*`&Q" h.A1009204 h.AWW yU@85.9yU@85.9 WWrB/*`&R" yU@85.9 yU@WW 333333,@14.1333333,@14.1RHF/*`&S" 333333,@14.1  333333,@WW R'<#3  _+'S Ї    4.60  HowdidthenumberandpercentofnonEnglishquestionnairesrequested  comparetothenumberandpercentoflanguageassistanceguidesrequested? da(#(#     `    InadditiontocensusquestionnairesinSpanish,Chinese,Korean,Vietnamese,and  Tagalog,LAGsin49foreignlanguageswereavailabletopotentialcensusrespondents  withlanguagebarriers.ThepurposeoftheLAGswastohelpcensusrespondents  interprettheirEnglishlanguagecensusforms.Potentialcensusrespondentsreadthe   censusquestionsintheirrespectivelanguageontheLAGandmadetheappropriate   responseontheirEnglishlanguageform.RespondentstotheTQAprogramcouldcalla   separatetollfreenumbercorrespondingtoeachofthelanguageforms:English,Spanish,    Chinese,Korean,Tagalog,orVietnamese.TheTQAprogramalsoassistedcallersby   answeringquestionsaboutthecensusandcensusquestionnairesaswellasallowcallers   whometspecificcriteriatorespondtothecensusbyphone.TheTQAprogramalso   allowedrespondentstorequestaLAGinanyofthe49languages.    Table6 comparesthedistributionofrequestsfornonEnglishformstothedistributionof  requestsforLAGsatQACsandtothedistributionofrequestsforLAGs throughtheTQA  programforthelanguagesinwhichnonEnglishquestionnaireswereavailable.    "$3"  $3Q2A3  0    TheSpanishlanguagequestionnaireorguidereceivedthemostattention.The  nextmostrequestedguideorquestionnaireamongthefivealternatelanguageswas  Chinese.TheleastrequestedlanguageformorguidewasTagalog.$3Q~݌(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    Foreachsource, theKoreanlanguageandtheVietnameselanguagehadsimilar  percentages.Theyhadnearlythesamepercentageofrequestedalternatelanguage  questionnaires(4.5percentand4.1percent),ofLAGsrequestedatQACs$3>݌(#(# Ќ  0  (5.2percentand4.9percent),andofLAGsrequestedthroughtheTQAprogram  (2.0percentand2.2percent).(#(#     `     h      p    *@W\dd`dd `Fdd Fdd dd  W!(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  " "&   ATable6:ComparisonofRequestsforNonEnglishQuestionnairestoRequestsfor 3d LanguageAssistanceGuidesatQACsandthroughtheTQAProgram AԀfor 1b LanguagesinwhichAlternateLanguageFormswereAvailable 3)/` 3&+% AlternateLanguage  Offered =3! =NonEnglishForms  Requested @6$ @ЀLAGsRequestedat  QACs* @6$  @LAGsRequested   throughtheTQA   program** 3)$q   3# %&+#$   0&   0Number 9/! " 9Percent 9/! " 9Number 9/! " 9Percent 0&! " 0@;9Number '  '@  C-!Percent '  ' Spanish UK3 d   Table6a comparestherequestsforLAGsatQACstotherequestsforLAGsthroughthe @ TQAprogramforallavailablelanguages.  A  "$3"  $3l2A3  0    Whileover2.2million(2,235,435)householdsrequestedanonEnglish C questionnaireontheiradvanceletter,notasmanyhouseholdsrequestedlanguage D assistanceguidesfromtheQACsorthroughtheTQAprogram.About93,672 E respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguidesfromQACs(seeJonesand F Barrett,2003).About77,191respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguides G throughtheTQAprogram(seeChesnut,2003).Eachsourcehadrequestsforthese H guidesinthemajorityofthe49availablelanguages.$3l݌I(#(# Ќ  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3@2A3  0    TheSpanishlanguageguidewasthemostrequestedguidefromeachsource.The !K nextmostrequestedlanguageguideamongthe49availablelanguagesfromQACs "L wasRussian(seeJonesandBarrett,2003,AppendixB).Thenextmostrequested # M languageguidefromtheTQAprogramwasAlbanian(seeChesnut,2003, $!N AppendixG).$3@m݌%"O(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    TherewereahigherpercentageofLAGsinotherlanguagesrequestedatQACs '$Q (34.3percent)thanthroughtheTQAprogram(18.9percent).    x $3݌(%R(#(# Ќ    )&S *SW`d ddd dd dd dd dd dd dd @W\(#(#,( dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  " "Table6a:ComparisonofRequestsforLAGsatQACstoRequestsforLAGs 3d  throughtheTQAprogramforallAvailableLanguages * 1b *$  AlternateLanguageOffered +! +ЀLAGsRequestedatQACs* .$ .ЀLAGsRequestedthroughthe  TQAprogram** *  * '  '   @ Number 0&!   0@ee,vPercent '   '   @ Number 0&!    0@B Percent ,"   , Spanish J@1 b  }@50158}@J@{{"b 50,158 ka:1 b  }@50158 }@ J@53.5J@k@-v 53.5 ka91 b J@53.5 J@ `@57563`@k  57,563 tjC1 b  `@57563 `@ fffffR@74.6fffffR@t@ C  74.6 MC>1 b fffffR@74.6  fffffR@ M Chinese RH  @4848@R 4,848 {qB " @4848 @ @5.2@{ 5.2 rhA " @5.2 @ ,@2326,@r  2,326 rhB   ,@2326 ,@ @3.0@r@5 5 D  3.0 G=8  @3.0 @ G Korean RH' X  $@3218$@R 3,218 {qB' X " $@3218 $@ 333333 @3.4333333 @{ 3.4 rhA' X " 333333 @3.4 333333 @ p@1244p@r  1,244 rhB' X   p@1244 p@ ?1.6?r@5 5 D  1.6 G=8' X  ?1.6 ? G Vietnamese RH  @3068@R 3,068 {qB " @3068 @ ffffff @3.3ffffff @{ 3.3 rhA " ffffff @3.3 ffffff @ ȕ@1394ȕ@r  1,394 rhB   ȕ@1394 ȕ@ ?1.8?r   @ 1.8 PFA   ?1.8 ? P Tagalog QG  r@300r@Q 300 zpA !" r@300 r@ 333333?0.3333333?z 0.3 pfA "" 333333?0.3 333333?  O@63O@p  63 pf@ #   O@63 O@ ?0.1?p@5 5 D  0.1 G=8 $ ?0.1 ? G OtherLanguages*** SI/` % T@32080T@S 32,080 }sC/` &" T@32080 T@ fffff&A@34.3fffff&A@} 34.3 tjB/` '" fffff&A@34.3 fffff&A@ @14601@t  14,601 tjC/` (  @14601 @ fffff2@18.9fffff2@t@ C  18.9 H>9/` ) fffff2@18.9 fffff2@ H Total SI* @93672@S 93,672 ~tC+" @93672 @ Y@100.0Y@~ 100.0 ukC," Y@100.0 Y@ p@77191p@u@7 77,191 lb:- p@77191 p@ Y@100.0Y@l  100.0 SIG.  Y@100.0 Y@ S#  $g# *SeeJonesandBarrett,2003,AppendixB.Dataisavailablefor37specificlanguages {. andLargePrintEnglish.Thetotaldoes not includeLargePrintEnglish. {/ **SeeChesnut,2003,AppendixG.Dataisavailableforall49availablelanguagesand 0 LargePrintEnglish. Thetotaldoes not includeLargePrintEnglish.  1 *** SeeSection1,Background,pg2foralistofallofthelanguagesinwhichassistance 2  guideswereavailable  3 ! !&      `  @     5.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONS # #Ԉ   TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoprovideresultsofnonEnglishformsrequestedfrom  householdswhoreceivedadvancelettersduringCensus2000.Theseresultswillhelp  determinetheextenttowhichthesequestionnairesandguideshelpnonEnglishspeaking  censusrespondents.Theseresultscanalsohelpprovidearationalefortheenhancement  oftheLanguageProgramforfuturecensuses.   V  WMajorconclusionsareasfollowsV  W:   "$3"  $32A3  0    Therewereover2.2millionrequestsfornonEnglishcensusquestionnaires.     Householdsthatreceivedanadvanceletterwereofferedtheoptionofrequestinga   nonEnglishcensusquestionnaireinoneoffivelanguages.Thelanguagesoffered   wereSpanish,Chinese,Tagalog,Vietnamese,andKorean.$3'݌ (#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    Most(83.7percent)ofthehouseholdsthatrequestedalternativelanguage  questionnairesrequestedtheminSpanish .Nextwererequestsfor  questionnairesinChinese(6.8percent),followedbyKoreanquestionnaires " (4.5percent).$3F݌  "(#(# "$3"  $32A3  0    Lessthanhalf(45.1percent)ofthehouseholdsrequestinganalternate " languageformreturnedtheseformsbymailwhichweresubsequently & checkedinanddatacaptured. $3*݌$(#(# Ќ  ! ! 0$()*+,-./(Axx0$()*+,-./"$3"  $3.2A3  0    About39.4percentofthehouseholdsthatrequestedalternatelanguage ( questionnaireswereincensustractsdesignatedasHardtoEnumerate.  , Nationwide,about10.5percentofallhouseholdswerelocatedinHTEtracts(see * Methodssection).$3.[݌*(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    AlthoughtherewererequestsfornonEnglishquestionnairesfrom  * householdsinallstates,mostoftheserequestswerefromhouseholdsinfour !. states. Fourstates,California(784,071requests),Texas(294,035requests),New ", York(269,871requests)andFlorida(231,162requests)hadthemostrequestsfor #0  nonEnglishlanguageforms.Thesefourstatesaccountedforabout70.6percent $0!! oftherequestsnationwidewhilecoveringareasthatweremailedonly28.4percent %0"" oftheadvanceletters.$3D݌&0##(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $39 2A3  0    Whileover2.2million(2,235,435)householdsrequestedanonEnglish (0%% questionnaireontheiradvanceletter,thenumberofrespondentsrequesting )0&& languageassistanceguideswassubstantiallylower. Atleast93,672respondents *0'' requestedlanguageassistanceguidesfromQuestionnaireAssistanceCenters. ,4(( Another77,191respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguidesthroughthe  TelephoneQuestionnaireAssistanceprogram.$39 f ݌(#(# Ќ  "$3"  $32A3  0    Respondentsrequestedlanguageassistanceguidesinlanguagesotherthan  Spanish,Chinese,Korean,Tagalog,orVietnamese. About34.3percentofthe  LAGsrequestedatQACsand18.9percentoftheLAGsrequestedthroughthe  TQAprogramwereinlanguagesotherthanSpanish,Chinese,Korean,Tagalog,or   Vietnamese.$3/݌ (#(# Ќ      ! !Recommendation      Tomeettheobjectivesofimprovingresponseratesanddataaccuracy,theCensus   Bureaushouldcontinuetotakeinitiativestohelprespondentsovercomelanguage   barrierstocompletingcensusforms. Theseinitiativesshouldincludeprovidingan   opportunityforhouseholdstomakerequestsfornonEnglishquestionnairesviathe  advanceletters,providingguidesandquestionnairesatassistancecenters,andproviding  alternatelanguagetelephoneassistance.   Onesuggestionistoallowhouseholdstheopportunitytorequestlanguageassistance  guidesinadditiontononEnglishquestionnairesontheadvanceletter. Although  over2.2millionhouseholdsrequestedanonEnglishquestionnaire,thesequestionnaires  wereavailableinonlyfivelanguages. TheLAGswereavailablein49languages.Data  fromtheTQAprogramandtheQACsshowthatrespondentsrequestedguidesinmanyof  the49availablelanguages.However,therelativelylowdemandforguidesfrom  respondentsasreportedfromtheTQAprogram(77,191requests)andtheQACs(93,672  requests)suggeststhatmanyhouseholdswithlanguagebarriersdidnotobtainLAGs.  Thereexistsmoreeffectivewaystoinformthepublicoftheiravailability. One  potentiallyeffectivewayistogiverespondentstheopportunitytorequestLAGsonthe  advanceletter.Doingthiswouldinformmillionsofhouseholdsoftheiravailability,and   hopefullyraisethedemandfortheguidesbyhouseholdswithlanguagebarriersin ! languagesotherthanthefivealternatelanguagesofferedforanonEnglishquestionnaire. " Increasingtheavailabilityoftheguidescouldencouragemorehouseholdswithlanguage #  barrierstocompletetheircensusforms.PriorresearchdonebytheCensusBureau $!! suggeststhatofferingmorethanonelanguagequestionnairetohouseholdsin %"" linguisticallyisolatedareassignificantlyincreasesthequestionnairecompletionrate. &## Similarly,itislikelythatofferinglanguageguidesinthemanyavailablelanguagesviathe '$$ advanceletterwouldincreasethecompletionrateofcensusquestionnairesin (%% linguisticallyisolatedhouseholds. Itisplausiblethatmakinglanguageassistance )&& guidesmorewidelyavailablebymakingthemanoptionontheadvanceletterwill *'' increasetheoverallresponsetofuturecensuses. +(( Ї@gg$   6.REFERENCES 6# #Ԉ   Briggs,Carol(1999) Census2000LanguageProgramMasterPlanCensus2000  InformationalMemorandum#9.    Burcham,Joseph(2001) AccuracyandCoverageEvaluation:InputFilesforHousing   UnitDualSystemEstimatesDSSDCensus2000ProceduresandOperationsMemo   Series,Q55,March31,2001.         Chesnut,ThomasJ.(2003) EvaluationoftheTelephoneQuestionnaireAssistance   Operation,DSSDCensus2000ProceduresandOperationsMemorandumSeriesEE4,   March20,2003.   Corteville,JeffreyS.(1994) SpanishFormsAvailabilityTest(SFAT)CompletionRate   Evaluation,DSSD2000CensusMemorandumSeriesD8,May10,1994.   Ingold,Jane(1999) ChangesPlannedfortheCensus2000LanguageProgram,Census   2000DecisionMemorandumNo.77,March25,1999.   Jones,JohnandBarrett,Diane(2003) QuestionnaireAssistanceCentersinthe2000   DecennialCensus,DSSDCensus2000ProceduresandOperationsMemorandumSeries   H.4,April8,2003.   Kohn,Felipe(2003) TheUnitedStatesPostalServiceUndeliverableRatesforCensus   2000MailOutQuestionnaires,DSSDCensus2000ProceduresandOperations   MemorandumSeriesA.6.a,April10,2003.   U.S.CensusBureau(1999). 1990DataforCensus2000Planning,Departmentof   Commerce,BureauoftheCensus,December1,1999.     +'(    `     h APPENDIX  *4W5d d( dd ( dd dd dd dd SW`(#(#,4dd ,dd ,rdd ,dd ,edd +  " "DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyState 1W 1b 1$  State#  $%#   l .WW .$    NumberofNon  English  Questionnaire Gx Requests#  $n&# 7W&! :  W 7&$    NumberofAdvance   Letters   '  $ .WGx W .$    Percentageof   AdvanceLetters#  $6(#  $  thatgenerated Gx Requests 7W&! : W 7U(Percentage  ofRequests 'W ' California KA_  'A784071'AK   @  @o 784,071 xD_   'A784071 'A gA12572647gA 12,572,647 vF_ " gA12572647 gA Q@6.23Q@ 6.23 }sB_ " Q@6.23 Q@ )\A@35.07)\A@} 35.07 [QC_ " )\A@35.07 )\A@ [ Texas TJ!  LA294035LAT@ 294,035 oe;  LA294035 LA jLA3744980jLAo@* 3,744,980 mc<  jLA3744980 jLA ffffff@7.85ffffff@m@gg9 7.85 ka9  ffffff@7.85 ffffff@ L*@13.15L*@k@8 8 D  13.15 I?:  L*@13.15 L*@ I NewYork KA @  xA269871xAK@ 269,871 oe; @  xA269871 xA {!^A7898607{!^Ao   @| 7,898,607 vlE @   {!^A7898607 {!^A \(\ @3.42\(\ @v@gg9 3.42 ka9 @  \(\ @3.42 \(\ @ p= #(@12.07p= #(@k@8 8 D  12.07 I?: @ ! p= #(@12.07 p= #(@ I Florida KAg " 7 A2311627 AK@ 231,162 xn;g # 7 A231162 7 A k\A7450522k\Ax 7,450,522 uEg $" k\A7450522 k\A @3.10@ 3.10 }sBg %" @3.10 @ Gz$@10.34Gz$@} 10.34 RHCg &" Gz$@10.34 Gz$@ R NewJersey J@ ' 0@986910@J@ 98,691 nd: ( 0@98691 0@ RJA3450355RJAn   @| 3,450,355 vlE )  RJA3450355 RJA zG@2.86zG@v@gg9 2.86 j`9 * zG@2.86 zG@ p= ף@4.41p= ף@j@b b D  4.41 H>9 + p= ף@4.41 p= ף@ H Illinois J@H , 3@950393@J@ 95,039 wm:H - 3@95039 3@ @(2TA5294241@(2TAw 5,294,241 uEH ." @(2TA5294241 @(2TA ?1.80? 1.80 |rBH /" ?1.80 ? @4.25@|@@C_  4.25 QGBH 0" @4.25 @ Q Arizona J@o1 V@49846V@J   49,846  @o  @ vCo2  V@49846 V@ B@A2131198B@A 2,131,198 uEo3" B@A2131198 B@A p= ף@2.33p= ף@ 2.33 |rBo4" p= ף@2.33 p= ף@ ףp= @2.23ףp= @| 2.23 QGBo5" ףp= @2.23 ףp= @ Q Massachusetts J@6  @32488@ J@ 32,488 wm:7 @32488 @  \DA2669034\DAw 2,669,034 uE8" \DA2669034 \DA \(\?1.21\(\? 1.21 |rB9" \(\?1.21 \(\? 333333?1.45333333?| 1.45 QGB:" 333333?1.45 333333? Q Georgia J@P; x@29155x@J@ 29,155 wm:P< x@29155 x@ 4GIA33132574GIAw 3,313,257 uEP=" 4GIA3313257 4GIA )\(?0.88)\(? 0.88 |rBP>" )\(?0.88 )\(? ?1.30?|@@C_  1.30 QGBP?" ?1.30 ? Q Washington J@w@ @26566@J@ 26,566 nd:wA @26566 @ Y=CA2521778Y=CAn   @| 2,521,778 vlEwB  Y=CA2521778 Y=CA ?1.05?v@@gg9 1.05 j`9wC ?1.05 ?  ףp= ?1.19 ףp= ?j@b b D  1.19 H>9wD  ףp= ?1.19  ףp= ? H Virginia J@E @25486@J   @ 25,486 wmCF  @25486 @ CEA2787283CEAw  2,787,283 vlEG  CEA2787283 CEA Q?0.91Q?v@gg9 0.91 j`9H Q?0.91 Q? = ףp=?1.14= ףp=?j@b b D  1.14 H>9I = ףp=?1.14 = ףp=? H Pennsylvania J@'XJ @24566@J@ 24,566 nd:'XK @24566 @ /TA5265599/TAn   5,265,599 vlE'XL  /TA5265599 /TA Gz?0.47Gz?v  0.47 siB'XM  Gz?0.47 Gz? ?1.10?s@b b D  1.10 H>9'XN ?1.10 ? H Colorado J@O @@23253@@J@ 23,253 wm:P @@23253 @@ UL;A1789013UL;Aw 1,789,013 uEQ" UL;A1789013 UL;A ?1.30? 1.30 |rBR" ?1.30 ? p= ף?1.04p= ף?| 1.04 QGBS" p= ף?1.04 p= ף? Q Nevada J@T @@22309@@J@ 22,309 mc:U @@22309 @@ 'A775295'Am   @| 775,295 ukDV  'A775295 'A  ףp= @2.88 ףp= @u@gg9 2.88 j`9W  ףp= @2.88  ףp= @ ?1.00?j@b b D  1.00 H>9X ?1.00 ? H Maryland J@/`Y  @20516 @J@ 20,516 wm:/`Z  @20516  @ @A2209773@Aw 2,209,773 uE/`[" @A2209773 @A (\?0.93(\? 0.93 |rB/`\" (\?0.93 (\? q= ףp?0.92q= ףp?|@@C_  0.92 QGB/`]" q= ףp?0.92 q= ףp? Q NorthCarolina J@^ @20427@J@ 20,427 nd:_ @20427 @ OIA3317583OIAn   @| 3,317,583 vlE`  OIA3317583 OIA ףp= ?0.62ףp= ?v@gg9 0.62 j`9a ףp= ?0.62 ףp= ? Q?0.91Q?j@b b D  0.91 H>9b Q?0.91 Q? H Connecticut J@c @20222@J@ 20,222 wm:d @20222 @ )6A1452519)6Aw 1,452,519 uEe" )6A1452519 )6A = ףp=?1.39= ףp=? 1.39 |rBf" = ףp=?1.39 = ףp=? ?0.90?| 0.90 QGBg" ?0.90 ? Q Oregon J@7!hh r@15077r@J@ 15,077 nd:7!hi r@15077 r@ 6A14895876An  1,489,587 vlE7!hj  6A1489587 6A )\(?1.01)\(?v@gg9 1.01 j`97!hk )\(?1.01 )\(? q= ףp?0.67q= ףp?j@b b D  0.67 H>97!hl q= ףp?0.67 q= ףp? H NewMexico J@"m @11686@J@ 11,686 mc:"n @11686 @ "$A686481"$Am@+ 686,481 lb;"o "$A686481 "$A 333333?1.70333333?l  1.70 siB"p  333333?1.70 333333? p= ף?0.52p= ף?s@b b D  0.52 H>9"q p= ף?0.52 p= ף? H Michigan SI# r @11611@S @  @o 11,611 wmC# s" @11611 @ @4dPA4296913@4dPAw@* 4,296,913 mc<# t @4dPA4296913 @4dPA HzG?0.27HzG?m@gg9 0.27 j`9# u HzG?0.27 HzG? p= ף?0.52p= ף?j@b b D  0.52 H>9# v p= ף?0.52 p= ף? H Indiana I??%p!w @8667@I@ 8,667 vl9?%p!x @8667 @ DA2635602DAv 2,635,602 uE?%p!y" DA2635602 DA Q?0.33Q? 0.33 |rB?%p!z" Q?0.33 Q? (\?0.39(\?|@@C_  0.39 QGB?%p!{" (\?0.39 (\? Q Kansas I?&"| @8640@I@ 8,640 vl9&"} @8640 @ p1A1118576p1Av 1,118,576 uE&"~" p1A1118576 p1A p= ף?0.77p= ף? 0.77 |rB&"" p= ף?0.77 p= ף? (\?0.39(\?| 0.39 QGB&"" (\?0.39 (\? Q Wisconsin I?' $ l@8408l@I@ 8,408 mc9' $ l@8408 l@ AA2308379AAm@* 2,308,379 mc<' $ AA2308379 AA  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?m@gg9 0.36 j`9' $  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ? RQ?0.38RQ?j@b b D  0.38 H>9' $ RQ?0.38 RQ? H Ohio I?G)x% T@8360T@I@ 8,360 mc9G)x% T@8360 T@ RA4892363RAm   @| 4,892,363 vlEG)x%  RA4892363 RA (\?0.17(\?v  0.17 siBG)x%  (\?0.17 (\? Gz?0.37Gz?s@b b D  0.37 H>9G)x% Gz?0.37 Gz? H Minnesota RH*& G@8335G@R @  @o 8,335 vlB*&" G@8335 G@ ϩ>A2009551ϩ>Av@* 2,009,551 mc<*& ϩ>A2009551 ϩ>A = ףp=?0.41= ףp=?m  0.41 siB*&  = ףp=?0.41 = ףp=? Gz?0.37Gz?s?e  0.37 ZPB*&  Gz?0.37 Gz? ZeUtah&+% $ RH!+(( @8126@R@#$ %&+Sf#8,126 lb9+(( @8126 @ 'A755905'Al@+ 755,905 lb;+(( 'A755905 'A Q?1.07Q?l@gg9 1.07 j`9+(( Q?1.07 Q?  ףp= ?0.36 ףp= ?j@b b D  0.36 LB9+((  ףp= ?0.36  ףp= ? L  $DistributionofNonEnglishQuestionnaireRequestsbyState#$  h#Ԅ  $Ԁcontd#$  ki# 1W 3d 1State   l .WIzW .  NumberofNon  English  Questionnaire Iz Requests 7W&! < W 7=j  NumberofAdvance   Letters   j  $ .WIz W .$    Percentageof   AdvanceLetters#  $k#   $  thatgenerated Iz Requests 7W&! < W 7kPercentage  ofRequests 'W ' Oklahoma I?a  @7916@I@ 7,916 mc9a  @7916 @  G5A1394442 G5Am@* 1,394,442 mc<a   G5A1394442  G5A = ףp=?0.57= ףp=?m@gg9 0.57 j`9a  = ףp=?0.57 = ףp=? ffffff?0.35ffffff?j@b b D  0.35 H>9a  ffffff?0.35 ffffff? H Hawaii I?  ʽ@7626ʽ@I@ 7,626 uk9  ʽ@7626 ʽ@ A502523Au 502,523 ~tD " A502523 A RQ?1.52RQ?~ 1.52 |rB " RQ?1.52 RQ? (\?0.34(\?|@@C_  0.34 QGB " (\?0.34 (\? Q RhodeIsland I? B @6553@I@ 6,553 lb9 B @6553 @ 4A4621124Al@+ 462,112 lb; B 4A462112 4A Q?1.42Q?l@gg9 1.42 j`9 B Q?1.42 Q? (\?0.29(\?j@b b D  0.29 QG9 B  (\?0.29 (\? Q Tennessee RH!i ! @6292@R@ 6,292 mc9i " @6292 @ BBA2393502BBAm@* 2,393,502 mc<i # BBA2393502 BBA p= ף?0.26p= ף?m@gg9 0.26 j`9i $ p= ף?0.26 p= ף? Q?0.28Q?j@b b D  0.28 H>9i % Q?0.28 Q? H Louisiana I? & @6275@I@ 6,275 vl9 ' @6275 @ w;A1834359w;Av 1,834,359 uE (" w;A1834359 w;A (\?0.34(\? 0.34 |rB )" (\?0.34 (\? Q?0.28Q?|@@C_  0.28 QGB *" Q?0.28 Q? Q Missouri RHJ + @5791@R @  @o 5,791 vlBJ ," @5791 @ BA2369920BAv   @| 2,369,920 vlEJ -  BA2369920 BA Q?0.24Q?v@gg9 0.24 j`9J . Q?0.24 Q? p= ף?0.26p= ף?j@b b D  0.26 H>9J / p= ף?0.26 p= ף? H Nebraska I?q 0 s@4723s@I@ 4,723 lb9q 1 s@4723 s@ p[%A699832p[%Al@+ 699,832 lb;q 2 p[%A699832 p[%A q= ףp?0.67q= ףp?l@gg9 0.67 j`9q 3 q= ףp?0.67 q= ףp? zG?0.21zG?j@b b D  0.21 H>9q 4 zG?0.21 zG? H DistrictofColumbia I?5 ?@4671?@I@ 4,671 uk96 ?@4671 ?@ TA290069TAu 290,069 ~tD7" TA290069 TA (\?1.61(\?~1.61 |rB8" (\?1.61 (\? zG?0.21zG?|0.21 ZPB9" zG?0.21 zG? ZSouthCarolina RH!!R: @4490@R&+% $@#$ %&+# 4,490 mc9!R; @4490 @ W9A1692247W9Am  1,692,247 vlE!R<  W9A1692247 W9A HzG?0.27HzG?v@gg9 0.27 j`9!R= HzG?0.27 HzG? ?0.20?j@b b D  0.20 H>9!R> ?0.20 ? H Arkansas I?y? f@4454f@I   @  @o 4,454 uBy@  f@4454 f@ I0A1094729I0A 1,094,729 uEyA" I0A1094729 I0A = ףp=?0.41= ףp=? 0.41 |rByB" = ףp=?0.41 = ףp=? ?0.20?| 0.20 QGByC" ?0.20 ? Q Iowa I?D F@3491F@I@ 3,491 vl9E F@3491 F@ 3A12463943Av 1,246,394 uEF" 3A1246394 3A Q?0.28Q? 0.28 |rBG" Q?0.28 Q? {Gz?0.16{Gz?|@@C_  0.16 QGBH" {Gz?0.16 {Gz? Q Alabama  I?)ZI @3424@I   @  @o 3,424 uB)ZJ  @3424 @ w@2975>@I@ 2,975 uk9O >@2975 >@ wA499182wAu 499,182 ~tDP" wA499182 wA 333333?0.60333333?~ 0.60 |rBQ" 333333?0.60 333333? p= ף?0.13p= ף?|@@C_  0.13 QGBR" p= ף?0.13 p= ף? Q Kentucky I? S "@2705"@I@ 2,705 vl9 T "@2705 "@ 9A16457319Av 1,645,731 uE U" 9A1645731 9A {Gz?0.16{Gz? 0.16 |rB V" {Gz?0.16 {Gz? Q?0.12Q?|@@C_  0.12 QGB W" Q?0.12 Q? Q Delaware I?1bX $@1865$@I@ 1,865 uk91bY $@1865 $@ A340517Au 340,517 ~tD1bZ" A340517 A HzG?0.54HzG?~ 0.54 |rB1b[" HzG?0.54 HzG? {Gz?0.08{Gz?| 0.08 QGB1b\" {Gz?0.08 {Gz? Q Mississippi RH] @1643@R @  @o 1,643 vlB^" @1643 @ 0A10834200Av@* 1,083,420 mc<_ 0A1083420 0A 333333?0.15333333?m  0.15 siB`  333333?0.15 333333? Q?0.07Q?s@b b D  0.07 H>9a Q?0.07 Q? H NewHampshire I?b ؑ@1142ؑ@I@ 1,142 lb9c ؑ@1142 ؑ@ $2A478345$2Al   @| 478,345 ukDd  $2A478345 $2A Q@2.39Q@u@gg9 2.39 j`9e Q@2.39 Q@ ?0.05?j@b b D 0.05 H>9f ?0.05 ? H Alaska I?9 jg Ԑ@1077Ԑ@I@ 1,077 uk99 jh Ԑ@1077 Ԑ@ Xu A208555Xu Au 208,555 ~tD9 ji" Xu A208555 Xu A p= ף?0.52p= ף?~ 0.52 |rB9 jj" p= ף?0.52 p= ף? ?0.05?|0.05 ZPB9 jk" ?0.05 ? ZSouthDakota QG!!l w@382w@Q&+% $@TT #$ %&+ #382 ka8!m w@382 w@ @A282658@Ak@+ 282,658 lb;!n @A282658 @A p= ף?0.13p= ף?l@gg9 0.13 j`9!o p= ף?0.13 p= ף? {Gz?0.02{Gz?j@b b D  0.02 H>9!p {Gz?0.02 {Gz? H WestVirginia H>"q t@321t@H@TT  321 ka8"r t@321 t@ #%A692687#%Ak@+ 692,687 lb;"s #%A692687 #%A ?0.05?l@gg9 0.05 j`9"t ?0.05 ? {Gz?0.01{Gz?j@b b D  0.01 H>9"u {Gz?0.01 {Gz? H Maine H>A$r v q@285q@H   285 }sAA$r w  q@285 q@ A472693A} 472,693 ~tDA$r x" A472693 A Q?0.06Q?~ 0.06 |rBA$r y" Q?0.06 Q? {Gz?0.01{Gz?|@@C_  0.01 QGBA$r z" {Gz?0.01 {Gz? Q Wyoming H>%!{ `p@262`p@H@TT  262 ka8%!| `p@262 `p@ A177752Ak  177,752 ukD%!}  A177752 A 333333?0.15333333?u@gg9 0.15 j`9%!~ 333333?0.15 333333? {Gz?0.01{Gz?j@b b D  0.01 H>9%! {Gz?0.01 {Gz? H NorthDakota H>&"# f@180f@H@TT  180 ka8&"# f@180 f@ A258689Ak@+ 258,689 lb;&"# A258689 A Q?0.07Q?l@gg9 0.07 j`9&"# Q?0.07 Q? {Gz?0.01{Gz?j@b b D  0.01 H>9&"# {Gz?0.01 {Gz? H Montana H>I(z$ @c@154@c@H@TT  154 ka8I(z$ @c@154 @c@ A341666Ak   @| 341,666 ukDI(z$  A341666 A {Gz?0.04{Gz?u@gg9 0.04 j`9I(z$ {Gz?0.04 {Gz? {Gz?0.01{Gz?j@b b D  0.01 H>9I(z$ {Gz?0.01 {Gz? H Vermont H>)% @_@125@_@H  125 }sA)%  @_@125 @_@ A202003A} 202,003 ~tD)%" A202003 A Q?0.06Q?~ 0.06 |rB)%" Q?0.06 Q? {Gz?0.01{Gz?| 0.01 QGB)%" {Gz?0.01 {Gz? Q TOTAL LB**' AA2235435AAL@ 2,235,435 rh<**' AA2235435 AA IA 111366780IAr  111,366,780 xnG**'  IA 111366780 IA @2.00@x  2.00 tjB**'  @2.00 @ Y@100.0Y@t@8 8 D  100.0 J@>**' Y@100.0 7 Y@ J