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SStudyoftheU.S.PostalService   ReasonsforUndeliverabilityof o  Census2000Mailout   Questionnaires# S?@W#     ;   S SFINALREPORTXX S 9 ThisevaluationreportstheresultsofresearchandanalysisundertakenbytheU.S.Census _ Bureau.Itispartofabroadprogram,theCensus2000Testing,Experimentation,andEvaluation K (_TXE_)Program,designedtoassessCensus2000andtoinform2010Censusplanning.Findings 7 fromtheCensus2000_TXE_ԀProgramreportsareintegratedintotopicreportsthatprovidecontext # s andbackgroundforbroaderinterpretationofresults.#XXXXj## SXX# !_    `    JohnChesnut &3" AW) xdE(xA (m# DecennialStatistical ,(|#  O(#O(#(#(#StudiesDivision f)$   n[:*&`z0%< `(*E*<J<J}X*n-d(!O(#O(# ЇAW)  xdE{) xA |)$ XX SIntentionallyBlank )$  7-(# Ї  8XXdd8XXCONTENTS#XXM #XX    #XX #6" XS"(#s#%XX6 E   =    =P 0     EXECUTIVESUMMARY#""H(#.H H (#(##4> "@,  5  iii6 @,   7 (#! =P x ݌  Ќ  =    = 0     1.BACKGROUND#""J(#. (#(##4A "@,  5  16L @,`   7 (# = ݌ t  Ќ    1.1Census1990StudyofUndeliverableAsAddressedQuestionnaires""J(#.N4C "@,  5  16 @,   7 (# Ԉ `    1.2Census2000ProcessFlowofUndeliverableasAddressedQuestionnaires""J(#.U4F "@,  5  16@,  7 (#Ԉ L  =    =k0     2.METHODOLOGY#""J(#. (#(##4G "@,  5  36@,  7 (#:=k݌ $ t  Ќ  R  R    2.1SampleDesign""J(#. 4H"@,  5  36G@,[@  7(#R݌ `  Ќ  R  R!    2.2Whatwerethedatasourcesusedinthisevaluation?""J(#.**C4I"@,  5  36@,@  7(#R!<݌ L  Ќ  R  Rݒ    2.3ApplyingQualityAssuranceProcedures""J(#.54J"@,  5  36@,/@  7(#ZRݒ݌ 8  Ќ  =    =0     3.LIMITATIONS#""J(#. (#(##4K"@,  5  46@,@  7(#=݌   Ќ  =    =_0     4.RESULTS#""J(#. (#(##4L"@,  5  56@,@  7(#*=_݌  Ќ  R  R    4.1WhatwastheOverallUAAWorkload?""J(#.``24M"@,  5  56K@,_@  7(#R݌  Ќ  R  R%    4.2ForwhatReasonswereCensus2000QuestionnairesUndeliverable?""J(#.``O4N"@,  5  56@,@  7(#R%@݌ p Ќ    4.3HowdotheCensus2000ResultsComparetothe1990CensusResults?""J(#.vvR4O"@,  5  66@,#@  7(#NԈ \ R  R    4.4WhatweretheFinalCensusStatusResultsoftheUAAQuestionnaires?""J(#.T4P"@,  5  86m@,@  7(#R݌ H Ќ  R  RG    4.5HowdotheFinalCensusStatusResultsfrom2000Compareto1990?""J(#.Q4Q"@,  5  96@,@  7(#+RGb݌ 4 Ќ  R  R    4.6WhatweretheFinalCensusStatusResultsforeachUAAClassification?`"`"I(#.V4S`"@,  5  106p@,@  7(#R݌  p Ќ  =    =K 0     5.RECOMMENDATIONS#`"`"I(#. (#(##4T`"@,  5  136 @, @  7(#!=K s ݌ H Ќ  =    =!0     REFERENCES#`"`"I(#. (#(##4U`"@,  5  146E"@,Y"@  7(#"=!!݌   Ќ  =    = #0     APPENDIX#`"`"I(#.(#(##4V`"@,  5  156#@,#@  7(##= #H#݌  Ќ  D 0  0S(#(#0"S(#S(# "(#"(# @*  0$"   XXLISTOFTABLES#XX%#     c   bH  bHݫ%0     Table1.PercentDistributionofUAAReasons#""J(#.xx7(#(##4Y"@,  5  66L&@,`&@  7(#&bHݫ%%݌  Ќ  bH  bH''0     Table2.1990and2000CensusPercentDistributionofUAAReasonsforUndeliverability  ЀExcludingVacants#""J(#. &(#(##4Z"@,  5  76,(@,@(@  7(#k(bH''B'݌ t  Ќ  bH  bH)0     ݀bH)!)݌` (#(# Ќ  bH  bHݢ)0     Table3.Comparisonofthe1990CensusandCensus2000PercentDistributionsofUAA L  ЀReasonsforUndeliverability#""J(#.1(#(##4_"@,  5  86*@,*@  7(#*bHݢ))݌ 8  Ќ     S bH  bHݤ+0     Table4.FinalCensusStatusSummary#""J(#./(#(##4`"@,  5  96=,@,Q,@  7(#|,bHݤ++݌ `  Ќ  bH  bH-0     Table5.Comparisonof1990and2000FinalCensusStatusSummaries#""J(#.44M(#(##4a"@,  5  96-@,-@  7(#.bH-3-݌ 8  Ќ  bH  bHݪ.0     Table6.Comparisonof1990and2000FinalCensusStatusSummaries#`"`"I(#.44M(#(##4e`"@,  5  106a/@,u/@  7(#/bHݪ..݌   Ќ  bH  bH=00     Table7.FinalCensusStatusbyUAAReasonforUndeliverability#`"`"I(#.J(#(##4f`"@,  5  1160@,1@  7(#01bH=0X0݌  Ќ  bH  bH10     Table8.1990FinalCensusStatusbyUAAReasonforUndeliverability#`"`"I(#.FFO(#(##4g`"@,  5  1262@,2@  7(#2bH11݌ p Ќ  bH  bHb30     Table9.Comparisonof1990and2000FinalCensusStatusbyUAAReasonfor H ЀUndeliverability#`"`"I(#. %(#(##4h`"@,  5  136j4@,~4@  7(#4bHb3}3݌ 4 Ќ  %   S    S  *%)   6 X XS"(#s#%X6% i  XXOaEXECUTIVESUMMARY#XX 6#  5     DuringthemailoutofCensus2000questionnaires,theUnitedStatesPostalServicedesignated  questionnairesasundeliverableasaddressedifthemailpiececouldnotbedeliveredsuccessfully  tothelabeledaddress.Thesemailingpieceswiththeenclosedquestionnairewereannotatedwith  areasonforundeliverabilityandsentbacktotheCensusBureau.Fromtheundeliverable t  questionnairesreceived,astratifiedsystematicsamplewasdrawnforthepurposeofconductinga `  studyofthereasonsforundeliverability.Thisevaluationexaminesthedistributionofreasonsfor L  undeliverability.Inaddition,inferencesaredrawnfromthesampletothegeneraluniverseof 8  Census2000undeliverablequestionnairesatanationallevel.Furthermore,thisevaluation $ t  investigateswhetherthereasonforundeliverabilityisavalidindicatorofthefinalcensusstatus `  ofahousingunit.Wherepossible,theresultsoftheCensus2000analysisofundeliverable L  questionnairesarecomparedtothoseresultsexperiencedin1990. 8   SXXWhatwastheOverallUndeliverableAsAddressedQuestionnaireWorkload? #XXS;#   Fromtheresultsofoursamplingprocedure,atotalof9.7milliondB  ԍ(D3,page1,R2)dC  ԀUndeliverableAsAddressed  questionnaireswerereceivedattheNationalProcessingCenterinJeffersonville,Indiana.Note  thattheundeliverablequestionnairesthatweresuccessfullyredistributedbytheredistribution  operationconductedbyselectedLocalCensusOfficesarenotincludedintheworkloadreceived n attheNationalProcessingCenter.dB  ԍ(D3,page1,R5)dC  dB  ԍ(D3,page3,R6)dC   Z 9%  <DLX9 SXXForWhatReasonswereCensus2000QuestionnairesUndeliverable? #XXS?# 2 Theprimaryinterestofthisstudywastoidentifyfrequentreasonsforundeliverabilitybasedon l ourdefinedcategoriesofundeliverability.ThemostcommonreasonCensus2000questionnaires X werenotdeliverablewasduetothefactthatthehousingunitwasidentifiedasvacantbythe D UnitedStatesPostalService.Almosthalfoftheundeliverablequestionnairesreceivedwere 0 stampedorannotatedwitha vacantreasonforundeliverabilityB  ԍd(cf.Table1)dC  .ThePostalServicepolicyis  suchthatmailisnotdeliveredtovacantunits.Followingquestionnairesnotdeliveredtovacant  units,labeledaddressesidentifiedas nosuchaddresscomposedthenextlargestportionof   undeliverablequestionnaires.ForthesecasesthePostalServiceisclaimingthelabeledaddress ! doesnotexist.Thenextlargestportionofundeliverablemailingpieceswerelabeledaddresses |"  thatwereidentifiedasnothavingamailreceptacle.Thesemaybecaseswheretherespondent h#! collectstheirmailataPostOfficeBoxasopposedtotheirplaceofresidence.Theremaining T$" undeliverabilitycategories(duplicate,underconstruction,demolished,nonresidential,nosuch @% # apartment,postofficebox,notdeliverableandunabletoforward,outsidedeliverylimits, ,&|!$ refused,blankother,andillegible)eachcontributed6percentorlessdB  ԍ(cf.Table1)C  dtotheuniverseof 'h"% undeliverablequestionnaires. (T#&  +'* Oa    SXXHowdothe1990ResultsComparetotheCensus2000Results? #XXSG#  Theresultsfromthe1990studyofreasonsforundeliverabilitywerecomparedtotheCensus  2000resultstodetermineiftherewereanysignificantdifferencesdB  ԍ(cf.Table3)C  d.Notethatthesubdomainof  undeliverablequestionnairesclassifiedas vacantwereexcludedfromthiscomparativeanalysis r duetoadifferenceinCensusBureaupolicyinthe1990censusonthedeliveryofquestionnaires ^  tovacanthousingunitsbytheUnitedStatesPostalService.Fromouranalysis,wefoundthat J  therewassubstantialreductioninCensus2000inthepercentageofundeliverablequestionnaires 6  markedas duplicate.Wealsohaddecreasesintherateatwhichquestionnaireswereclassified " r as demolished/newconstruction, nonresidential, nosuchapartment.Incontrast,we  ^  observedafairlylargeincreaseinthepercentageofquestionnairesmarked nosuchaddress.  J  Wealsoobservedincreasesinthepercentageofquestionnairesmarked postofficebox,and 6   nomailreceptacle. "   XXXXSXXWhatweretheFinalCensusStatusResultsoftheUndeliverableQuestionnaires?    #SSL##XXSL#Giventheannotatedreasonforundeliverabilityonareturnedmailingpiece,aquestionofgreat  interestwouldbewhethertheannotatedreasonforundeliverabilityisareliableindicatorofthe  finalcensusstatusforthegivenlabeledhousingunitaddress.Attheveryleast,onewouldhope l thatanyquestionnairedesignatedasundeliverableindicatedthelabeledaddresscorrespondedto X anunoccupiedhousingunit.Fromourresults,weobservedthatthevastmajority(78percentdB  ԍ(D2,page1,R21)C  d)of D undeliverablequestionnaireswereinfactunoccupied.Morespecifically,31percentofthetotal 0 undeliverablequestionnairesreceivedafinalcensusstatusofvacantand47percentreceiveda l finalcensusstatusofdeletedB  ԍ(D2,page1,R10)C  d.However,approximately22percentweregivenafinalcensusstatus X ofoccupiedB  ԍd(D2,page1,R10)C  Ԛd.Incomparisonto1990,theserateswerenotsignificantlydifferentfromthoserates D experiencedin1990exceptforthecategoryofdeletedB  ԍ(cf.Table6)C  d.Therateatwhichundeliverable 0 questionnairesreceivedafinalstatusofdeleteinCensus2000increasedanestimated  4percentagepoints.  Inadditiontoreviewingtheoverallfinalcensusstatusresults,wewerealsointerestedin  reviewingthefinalcensusstatusresultsforeachdefinedcategoryofreasonforundeliverability. |  Wefoundthatforthequestionnairesmarked vacant,approximately50percentofthesecases h! actuallyreceivedafinalcensusstatusofvacantdB  ԍ(cf.Table7)C  d.Assumingthefinalstatusiscorrect,thisimplies T"  thepostalservicecorrectlyidentifiesvacantunitsabouthalfofthetime.Wealsonotethat @#! 22percentofthequestionnairesmarkedvacantreceivedafinalstatusofoccupiedB  ԍd(cf.Table7)C  d.Forthe ,$|" questionnairesmarkedas postofficeboxor nomailreceptacle,weestimatedthat48percent %h # ofthesecaseswereinfactoccupieddB  ԍ(cf.Table7)C  d.Thishighlightsthetroublesomeaspectofusingmailout &T!$ mailbacktoenumeraterespondentswhodonotreceivemailattheirplaceofresidence.Amuch &@"% morefavorableresult,weestimatedthat85percentofquestionnairesmarked demolished, ',#&  newconstruction,or nonresidentialreceivedafinalstatusofdeletedB  ԍ(cf.Table7)C  d.Furthermore,we ($' estimated77percentofquestionnairesmarked nosuchaddressor nosuchapartment )%( receivedafinalstatusofdeletedB  ԍ 8  (cf.Table7)C  d. *%)  +&*  XXXXSXXWhataretheRecommendations?   #XXSZ#Insummary,wewereabletodrawinferencesfromoursampletothegeneraluniverseof  undeliverablequestionnairesexcludingquestionnairesthatweresuccessfullydeliveredduringthe  LocalCensusOfficeredistributionoperation.Specifically,weestimatedtheoveralldistribution  ofreasonsforundeliverabilityofCensus2000questionnaires.Furthermore,wewereableto p  makeinferencesaboutthefinalcensusstatusresultsoftheundeliverableasaddressed \  questionnairesaswellasreviewtheseresultsforeachofourdefinedcategoriesofreasonsfor H  undeliverability.Inaddition,wherepossibleeachofouranalysisresultswerecomparedwiththe 4  resultsexperiencedduringthe1990census.  p  Oneofthelargestportionsoftheundeliverablequestionnaireworkloadconsistedof H  questionnairesmarkedas nosuchaddressor nosuchapartment.Inaddition,77percentof 4  theseundeliverablequestionnairesresultedinafinalcensusstatusofdeleteB  ԍ#XXXXxZ#d(cf.Table7)C  ԚdXXXX.Undeliverable   questionnairesofthistypearelikelymissingaddresselementsorcontainincorrectaddress   elements. WerecommendusingUnitedStatesPostalServiceproducts/servicessuchasthe   AddressElementCorrectionservicepriortoCensusmailouttoprovidecorrectionsto  addressesortoidentifypotentiallyundeliverableaddressesinthe_mailout_/mailback  addresslist.#XXXX_#  p XXXXInadditiontotheundeliverablequestionnairesmarkedas nosuchaddressor nosuch H apartment,otherreasonsforundeliverabilityhaveproventobegoodindicatorsoffinalcensus 4 status.Specifically,weobservedquestionnairesmarkedas vacantmakeup45percentofthe  p undeliverablequestionnaireworkloadB  ԍ#XXXX^b#d(cf.Table1)C  ԚdXXXXԀand50percentofthetimethesecasesresultinafinal  \ statusofvacantB  ԍ#XXXX^d#d(cf.Table7)C  ԚdXXXX.Furthermore,9percentoftheundeliverablequestionnaireworkloadcamefrom H questionnairesannotatedwith postofficeboxor nomailreceptacle#XXXX2e#dB  ԍ(cf.Table1)dXXXXԍC  Ԁand48percentofthese 4 undeliverablequestionnairesresultedinafinalcensusstatusofoccupiedB  ԍ#XXXXSf#d(cf.Table7)C  ԚdXXXX. Giventhateachof   thesecategoriescontributeasubstantialportiontotheoverallundeliverablequestionnaire  workloadandprovideafairlygoodindicatoroffinalstatus,werecommendthatforthe  2010censuswecapturethedataforthePostalServicesreasonsforundeliverabilityand  usethesedataasafactorinthedeterminationoffinalcensusstatus.    #XXXXMg#  p!    % j  XX1.BACKGROUND#XXi#  i     DuringthemailoutofCensus2000questionnaires,theUnitedStatesPostalServicedesignated  questionnairesasundeliverableasaddressedifthemailpiececouldnotbedeliveredsuccessfully  tothelabeledaddress.Thesemailingpieceswiththeenclosedquestionnairewereannotatedwith  areasonforundeliverabilityandsentbacktotheCensusBureau.Fromtheundeliverable t  questionnairesreceived,astratifiedsystematicsamplewasdrawnforthepurposeofconductinga `  studyofthereasonsforundeliverability. L  SXX% k  1.1Census1990StudyofUndeliverableAsAddressedQuestionnaires  l#XXSl# $ t  Duringthe1990Census,theCensusBureauexaminedtheUndeliverableAsAddressed(UAA) ^  questionnaireswhichwerenotsuccessfullyredistributedbythedistrictofficesduringtheUAA J  questionnaireredistributionoperation.Indoingso,a10percentsystematicsampleofthe659 6  palletsofundeliveredquestionnaireswasselected.Fromthe66samplepallets,eightcartonsof "  undeliveredquestionnairesfromeachpalletwereselectedwithequalprobability.Thisresulted  inasampleofsizen=156,697questionnaires.TheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)  undeliverabilityreasonwasannotatedonthequestionnairebythepostalcarrier.Thesampleof  undeliveredquestionnaireswassortedbytheUSPSundeliverabilityreason.Oncethe  undeliveredquestionnairesweresortedandbatchedbyUSPSundeliverabilityreason,thebatches n weresentfordataentry.TheCensusBureauestimatedtotals,percents,andsamplingvariances Z foreachoftheUSPSundeliverabilityreasonsbyfinalcensusstatusandtypeofenumeration F area. 2 AnalysisbasedonthesampledrawnfromtheUAAsreturnedtoJeffersonvilleshowedthatthere  Z wereapproximately5,272,000UAAswhichrepresentedabout6percentofthemailoutuniverse. F OverathirdoftheUAAswerelabeled vacantbytheUSPSandalmostaquarteroftheUAAs 2 werelabeled nosuchaddress.Furtheranalysisshowedthat23.7percentoftheUAAswere  givenafinalcensusstatusofoccupied.OftheUAAslabeledas vacant,approximately   20percentweregivenafinalcensusstatusofoccupied(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,1993).  SXX % l  1.2Census2000ProcessFlowofUndeliverableasAddressedQuestionnaires  ~u#XXSOu#  ~! Asin1990,theCensusBureausampledUAAquestionnairesreturnedtotheNationalProcessing h#! Center(NPC)atJeffersonville.Beforesampling,aUAAfollowedthedescribedprocessflow. T$" Duringquestionnairemailout,clerksatlocalpostofficesdesignatedaddressesthatdidnotmatch @% # toacarrierrouteasUAA.AdditionalquestionnairesweredesignatedasUAAbyindividual ,&|!$ carriers.TheUAAswerereturnedtotheirUSPSSectionalCenterFacility(SCF). 'h"% MailedquestionnairesthatweredesignatedUAAbytheUSPSwereeithersenttotheNPCat (@$' Jeffersonville,IndianaorwereretrievedbytheCensusBureaufromtheUSPSSCFstobe ),%( includedintheLocalCensusOffices(LCO)redistributionoperation.Previoustothemailoutof *&) Census2000questionnaires,theCensusBureauidentifiedZIPcodesthatwerelikelytohave +'* highconcentrationsofUAAs.AnyUAAlabeledwithoneofthesepre-identifiedZIPcodeswas  retrievedbytheCensusBureaufromtheUSPSSCFsthatprocessedmailforthesepreidentified  ZIPcodes.Designated leadLCOscoordinatedthepickupofUAAsfromeachoftheseSCFs.  The leadLCOsthendistributedUAAworkloadstoneighboringLCOsthatwere t geographicallylinkedtothepreidentifiedZIPcodes.TheUAAsthatdidnotfallintothe ` pre-identifiedZIPcodesforredistributionweresentbacktotheNPCatJeffersonville. L  AftertheLCOsreceivedtheirUAAworkloadsforredistribution,thequestionnaireswere $ t checkedin,sortedintoenumeratorassignments,andthenenumeratorsattemptedtoredistribute  ` thequestionnaires.Notethatifanenumeratorascertainedahousingunitwasvacantthrough  L  observationthenthecorrespondingUAAwasnotdelivered.Alimitationintheoperationalplan  8  wasthelackofaqualitycontrolprocesstoverifyenumeratordeliveryofUAAs.Ifasuccessfully $  deliveredUAAwasmailedbackbytherespondentandreceivedbytheCensusBureaubeforethe    cutforNonresponseFollowup(NRFU)thenthehousingunitwasexcludedfromNRFU.   However,UAAsnotreceivedbeforethe cutforNRFUwereeligibleforNRFU.   QuestionnairesnotredistributedwerecheckedoutoftheLCOandshippedtoNPConapriority   basis.NonredistributedcasesbecameNRFUcasesunlesscensusdatawerecollectedforthe p housingunitbeforetheNRFU cutthroughanothersourceotherthanamailedquestionnaire \ suchastheTelephoneQuestionnaireAssistance(TQA)programortheInternetDataCollection H (IDC)program. 4 AtNPC,asamplewasdrawnandadatafilewascreatedfromtheUAAsreceived.Arrivingat  \ NPC,UAAswereprocessedthroughasorterwithbarcodereadingcapability.Duringthe H sortingprocess,CensusIdentification(ID)numberswerecollectedfromthemailingpiecesand 4 thepiecesweresortedbylongandshortform.Duetothesortingandthedifferenceinenvelope   sizeofshort(101/8"x6")andlongforms(123/16"x101/4"),shortformswereplacedina   shallowmailtrayandlongformswereplacedinadeepmailtray.Eachshortformtrayheld  approximately400shortformUAAsandeachlongformtrayheldapproximately125longform  UAAs.AsystematicsampleoftheUAAswasthenhandselectedfromeachofthemailtrays.     % m  OaL Oa OaNWWXXOa_ROa2.METHODOLOGY#XXN#  ʅ     SXX% n  2.1SampleDesign be6  XXSThesampledesignfordrawingasamplefromtheUAAuniverseatNPCconsistedofastratified  systematicsampledesign(Cochran,1977).AsdescribedinSection1.2,theUAAsweresorted   bylongandshortformsintomailtrays.Therefore,stratawereformedbasedonformtypeand r  mailtray.Finally,asystematicsamplewasselectedfromeachstratum.Thesystematicsampling ^  processwasperformedbyclerks.Foreachmailtray,arandomstartwaschosentoselectthefirst J  UAAfromthemailtrayandthenevery34thUAAwasselected(f=1/34).Thesamplingratewas 6   basedonanestimateofthenumberofUAAspredictedtobesenttoNPCandourdesiredlevelof "r  precisionforourestimates(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000a)#SXX#XXS.     x  ^  Oncethesamplewasselected,theUAAswereclericallysortedbyUAAreasoninto15broad 6  categories(seeappendix). EachUAAwasannotatedwithanumbercorrespondingtoacategory. "  Aftersortingwascompleted,theUAAsweresentonaflowbasisbycategorytoscanning  workstations.TheCensusIDnumberoneachquestionnairewasscannedbyabarcodereader  andthecategorycodewaskeyedorscanned(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000b).  #SXXA#XXSDuetothefactthatwedidnotcollectinformationindicatingthetrayfromwhichaUAAwas n sampled,wearenotabletoderiveanyestimatesandstandarderrorsoftheestimatesbasedonthe Z stratacreatedfrombothformtypeandtray.However,wedidcollectinformationindicatingthe F formtypeofthesampledUAA,thusallowingustostratifybasedonformtype.Furthermore, 2 duringtheclericalprocess,formswerebatchedaccordingtoreasonforundeliverabilitywhich n mayhavedisruptedanynaturalgeographicorderingoftheforms.Therefore,wearelimitedto  Z assumingastratifiedsimplerandomsamplemodeltoderiveanyestimatesandstandarderrorsof F theestimatesinouranalysis.Inotherwords,forthepurposesofthisstudyweassumeastratified 2 simplerandomsampledesignwherewehavetwostratadefinedbyformtype(longandshort).d  d#SXX#XXS#SXXF#% o  2.2Whatwerethedatasourcesusedinthisevaluation? be  XXSThemainsourceofdataforthisevaluationcamefromthesampleofUAAsdrawnfromthe ! UAAscheckedinatNPC.ThedatacollectedfromtheUAAsampleprovidedthecensus |"  identificationnumberandareasonforundeliverabilityforeachsampledcase.Inadditiontothe h#! datacollectedfromthesample,acombinationfileofalltheCensus2000operationalfileswas T$" ancillarytoconductingthisevaluation. @% #  SXX% q  2.3ApplyingQualityAssuranceProcedures ԀT  'h"% #XXS(#XXXXWeappliedqualityassuranceproceduresthroughoutthecreationofthisreport.They )R$' encompassedhowwedeterminedevaluationmethods,createdspecificationsforproject )>%( proceduresandsoftware,designedandreviewedcomputersystems,developedclericaland **&) computerprocedures,analyzeddata,andpreparedthisreport.#XXXXٕ#XXXX +'* Oa     #XXXX# %% r  XX3.LIMITATIONS#XXa# tiT     WenotethatsomeUAAswerepartoftheLCOredistributionoperation.Therefore,notall  questionnairesdesignatedasUAAbytheU.S.PostalServicewerereceivedbytheCensus  BureauatNPC.SincethecharacteristicsoftheUAAsintheLCOredistributionoperationmay  differsubstantiallyfromthosereceivedatNPC,wecannotmakeinferencesfromthesample t  estimatestotheoveralluniverseofUAAs.Notethatthislimitationmayaffectthe `  recommendationsprovidedbythisevaluation. L  Thesamplingprocesswasinturnatremendousclericalprocessduetothefactthattherewereno $ t  automatedprocessesincorporatedintothesamplingprocess.Clerksweretaskedwithhand `  selectingasystematicsamplefromeverymailtrayofUAAsreceivedatNPC.Indoingso,we L  employedameasurementtechniquetodrawasystematicsamplefromeachtray.Oursampling 8  intervalof34UAAswasapproximatedbyadistancemeasurement(inches)of34UAAs $  containedinamailtrayholding125longformsor400shortforms(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,   2000a).Clearly,thismethodofsystematicsamplingmaynothavealwaysmaintainedour   desiredsamplingrateoff=1/34duetovariationinthevolumeofformsheldbythemailtrays.  Inaddition,thereisthepotentialforhumanerrorusingthistechnique.Asidefromthe  limitationsofoursamplingtechnique,wealsorecognizethepotentialforerrorduetoother p clericalprocesses.Forexample,duetothelargenumberoftrayshandled,clerksmayhave \ inadvertentlysampledfromatraymorethanonceorsometraysmayhavebeenomittedduring H thesamplingprocess.Weassumeforthepurposesofthisevaluationthattheseerrorswere 4 minimalanddonotseriouslyaffecttheresultsofourstudy.  p Ourstratifiedsystematicsampledesignmaynothavecloselyadheredtoourdesiredsampling H rateoff=1/34.Thisisduetothefactthattheformsinthemailtraysdidnotdivideupevenly 4 intointervalsofsize34.Thus,thesystematicsamplesizesforeachofthemailtraysvariedin   sizebyone.Thisdisturbanceisprobablynegligiblesincewewouldexpectthevariationin   samplesizefromtraytotraytoberandom.Hence,weignorethisdisturbance,forsimplicity,in  thepresentationofourresults.   +&* Oa     % s    XX4.RESULTS#XXs# edZ   g SXX% t  4.1WhatwastheOverallUAAWorkload? ~+#XXS#   Asaresultofoursamplingprocedure,wecollected285,630dB  ԍ(D1,page1,R1)C  dlongandshortformUAAsfromthe  entireworkloadofUAAsreceivedatNPC.Givenoursamplingrateoff=1/34,thisimpliesthat   wereceivedatotalof9,711,420B  d(D3,page1,R2)C  dUAAs.Asacomparison,atotalworkloadof10,478,481dB  ԍ(D3,page1,R3)C  d r  UAAswasrecordedbytheCensusBureauproductionfiles.TheUAAworkloadreportedbythe ^  productionfilesislargerduetothefactthattheproductionfilecountincludesUAAsthatwere J  partoftheUAALCOredistributionoperation.NotalloftheUAAsinthisredistribution 6   workloadwerereturnedtoNPC.IfaUAAwas successfullydeliveredtoahousingunitduring "r  thisoperationthenthatparticularUAAwasneverreceivedatNPC.Therewere1,480,212B  d(D3,page1,R4)C  d ^  UAAssuccessfullydeliveredtohousingunitsduringtheredistributionoperation(U.S.Bureauof J  theCensus,2001).Therefore,accordingtotheproductionfiles,wereceived8,998,269B  ԍd(D3,page1,R5)C  dUAAsat 6  NPCwhichreflectsthe trueworkloadreceivedatNPC.d "  dTheworkloadderivedfromoursamplereports713,151B  d(D3,page3,R6)C  dmoreUAAsthanthe trueworkload.  Sincethisdifferencebringsintoquestionthelegitimacyofourstudy,wediscussthepotential  causesforthedifferenceinthereportedworkloadsandwhetherourresultsareseriouslyaffected.  Possibly,UAAsthatwere successfullydeliveredmayhaveendedupbackinthemailstream n andwereeventuallyreturnedtoNPC,thusinflatingourworkloadderivedfromthesample.This Z couldhaveoccurredifamailcarrierretrievedaCensusredistributedUAAfromahousingunit F andplacedthemailpiecebackinthemailstream.Inaddition,aCensusenumeratorcouldhave 2 placedsomeoralloftheirUAAworkloadassignmentinaUSPSmaildropbox.Another, n potentialfactorcontributingtothedisagreementbetweenthetwoworkloadsmaybeduetothe  Z occurrenceoferrorduringthesamplingprocess.Forexample,clericalstaffcouldhave F inadvertentlysampledmultipletimesfromagivenmailtray.Inaddition,sincethesamplingwas 2 performedbyhand,wewouldexpectthesamplingrateof1/34tobecompromisedattimes.  Furthermore,thelimitationsofoursampledesigndescribedinSection3maybecontributingto   theworkloaddiscrepancy.Giventhatthepurposeofthispaperistoexaminepercent  distributionsbasedonthereasonsforundeliverabilityandnotcountdistributions,the   discrepancyinthetotalsofthetwoworkloadsprobablydoesnotseriouslyaffecttheresultsof ~! ouranalysis. j"   SXX% u  4.2ForwhatReasonswereCensus2000QuestionnairesUndeliverable? ~2#XXS#  B$" Ourprimaryinterestistoinvestigatetheoveralldistributionofreasonsforundeliverabilityof ,&|!$ Census2000questionnairesbasedonourdefinedcategories.Table1givesthepercentofUAAs 'h"% bycategoryofreasonforundeliverability.Inaddition,thestandarderrorsofthepercent (T#& estimatesandthe95percentconfidencelimits(CL)aregiven.Notethatallofthegivenrates (@$' provedtobesignificant.FromTable1,weseethatthemostcommonreasonCensus2000 ),%( questionnaireswerenotdeliverablewasduetothefactthatthehousingunitwasidentifiedas *&) vacantbytheU.S.PostalService.ThePostalServicepolicyissuchthatmailisnotdeliveredto +'* _R  9   vacantunits.Followingquestionnairesnotdeliveredtovacantunits,labeledaddressesidentified  as nosuchaddresscomposedthenextlargestportionofundeliverablequestionnaires.For  thesecasesthePostalServiceisclaimingthelabeledaddressdoesnotexist.Thenextlargest  portionofundeliverablemailingpieceswerehousingunitsthatwereidentifiedasnothavinga t mailreceptacle.ThesemaybecaseswheretherespondentcollectstheirmailataP.O.box ` locationasopposedtotheirplaceofresidence.Furthermore,weseethattheU.S.PostalService L  neglectedtoprovideareasonforundeliverability(blank)foraUAAsomewherebetween5.52 8  and5.69B  C  B  d(Table1)C  dpercentofthetime. $ t % v "UAA Tablesc"Table1.PercentDistributionofUAAReasons &UAA Tablesc&ԀdB  ԍ(D1,page1,R6)dC    L  * ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +   XX +WW$ $  +UAAReason =WW,!8 WW =Percent 8  (n=285,630) =WW,!L "WW =standarderror =WW,!8 "WW =Lower95%CL =WW,!8 "WW =@@A Upper95%CL ;1!8 "WW ;  #XX м# XXVacant 'T  '#XX # XX45.14% 'T " '#XX f# XX0.09% 'T " '#XX տ# XX44.96% 'T " '#XX C# XX45.32% 4'T "  4#XX # XXNoSuchAddress 9,!  9#XX .# XX31.50% 9,! " 9#XX # XX0.09% 9,! " 9#XX 9# XX31.33% 9,! " 9#XX # XX31.67% C6& "   C#XX :# XX#  #  NoMailReceptacle#  #  #XX # XX 9,!T 9#XX # XX#  [#  7.62%#  Z#  #XX # XX 9,!T" 9#XX # XX#  #  0.05%#  #  #XX ^# XX 9,!T" 9#XX )# XX#  #  7.53%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!T" 9#XX o# XX#  -#  7.72%#  ,#  #XX # XX C6&T "   C#XX # XX#  s#  Blank#  |#  #XX :# XX 9,!\! 9#XX # XX#  #  5.61%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!\"" 9#XX K# XX#   #  0.04%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!\#" 9#XX # XX#  O#  5.52%#  N#  #XX  # XX 9,!\$" 9#XX # XX#  #  5.69%#  #  #XX R# XX C6&\%"   C#XX # XX#  #  NotDeliverableand & UnabletoForward#  #  #XX # XX 9,!x' 9#XX # XX#  _#  4.08%#  ^#  #XX # XX 9,!(" 9#XX # XX#  #  0.04%#  #  #XX b# XX 9,!)" 9#XX -# XX#  #  4.00%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!*" 9#XX s# XX#  1#  4.15%#  0#  #XX # XX C6&+"   C#XX # XX#  w#  Refused#  #  #XX ># XX 9,! , 9#XX  # XX#  #  1.78%#  #  #XX # XX 9,! -" 9#XX Q# XX#  #  0.02%#  #  #XX # XX 9,! ." 9#XX # XX#  U#  1.73%#  T#  #XX # XX 9,! /" 9#XX # XX#  #  1.83%#  #  #XX X# XX C6& 0"   C#XX ## XX#  #  NoSuchApartment#  #  #XX # XX 9,!(x1 9#XX # XX#  =#  1.55%#  <#  #XX # XX 9,!(x2" 9#XX # XX#  #  0.02%#  #  #XX @# XX 9,!(x3" 9#XX  # XX#  #  1.51%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!(x4" 9#XX Q# XX#  #  1.60%#  #  #XX # XX C6&(x5"   C#XX # XX#  U#  PostOfficeBox#  ^#  #XX # XX 9,!6 9#XX # XX#  #  0.92%#  #  #XX l# XX 9,!7" 9#XX 7# XX#  #  0.02%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!8" 9#XX }# XX#  ;#  0.88%#  :#  #XX # XX 9,!9" 9#XX # XX#  #  0.95%#  #  #XX ># XX C6&:"   C#XX  # XX#  #  Duplicate#  ##XX # 9,!(; 9 XX  0.53%#  ##XX w# 9,!(<" 9 XX  0.01%#  X##XX 9# 9,!(=" 9 XX  0.50%#  ##XX # 9,!(>" 9 XX  0.55%#  ##XX # XX C6&(?"   C#XX F# XX  NonResidential#  ##XX # 9,!0@ 9 XX  0.41%#  ##XX # 9,!0A" 9 XX  0.01%#  x##XX Y# 9,!0B" 9 XX  0.39%#  :##XX # 9,!0C" 9 XX  0.44%#  ##XX # C6&0D"   C XX  Other#  ##XX # 9,!E 9 XX  0.33%#  ##XX k# 9,!F" 9 XX  0.01%#  L##XX -# 9,!G" 9 XX  0.31%#  ##XX # 9,!H" 9 XX  0.35%#  ##XX # C6&I"   C XX  Demolished#  ##XX }# 9,! 0J 9 XX  0.27%#  c##XX D# 9,! 0K" 9 XX  0.01%#  %##XX # 9,! 0L" 9 XX  0.25%#  ##XX # 9,! 0M" 9 XX  0.29%#  ##XX # C6& 0N"   C XX  UnderConstruction#  u##XX V# 9,!8"O 9 XX  0.16%#  D##XX %# 9,!8"P" 9 XX  0.01%#  ##XX # 9,!8"Q" 9 XX  0.14%#  ##XX # 9,!8"R" 9 XX  0.17%#  ##XX k# C6&8"S"   C XX  OutsideDeliveryLimits#  V##XX 7# 9,!#T 9 XX  0.10%#  *##XX  # 9,!#U" 9 XX  0.01%#  ##XX # 9,!#V" 9 XX  0.09%#  ##XX # 9,!#W" 9 XX  0.12%#  p##XX Q# C6&#X"   C XX  Illegible#  <##XX # 9,!$8 Y 9 XX  Ԁ0.00%'#  ##XX # 9,!$8 Z" 9 XX  Ԁ0.00%'#  ##XX # 9,!$8 [" 9 XX  Ԁ0.00%'#  ##XX r# 9,!$8 \" 9 XX  0.01%#  Y##XX :# 9WW(&$8 ]"   9 XXTotal XWWG@&!^WW  0?X100.00% fWWUD@&!_"  0 ?WW f IWW8'@&!`"WW I IWW8'@&!a"WW I7-+@&!b"  WW 7#XX #' hXThepercentvaluecalculatedislessthan1/100ofapercentagepoint#XX # 4'"b  SXX% w  4.3HowdotheCensus2000ResultsComparetothe1990CensusResults? li#XXS{#  (F$d Inordertocomparethe1990and2000results,wecollapsedsomeofthecategoriesinTable1to *0&f matchtheavailablecategoriesfrom1990.Inadditionweexcludedvacantsfromouranalysisdue +'g toadifferenceinpolicybetweenthe1990censusandCensus2000forthedeliveryof ,(h questionnairestovacantunits.Specifically,in1990theCensusBureaurequestedtheU.S.Postal -(i Oa 9   Servicetodelivertovacantunitsinhopesofincreasingtheresponserate.InCensus2000the  CensusBureaudidnotmakethisrequest.NotethatingeneralthePostalServicedoesnot  delivertovacantunitsbutmadeanexceptionattherequestoftheCensusBureauin1990.Even  thoughtheCensusBureaumadethisrequestin1990,theCensusBureaustillreceivedUAAsthat t wereannotatedasundeliverableduetoavacantstatusfortheaddressofdelivery.Ideally,we ` wouldliketocomparethevacancyratesfrom1990to2000.However,duetothedifferencesin L  policyforthedeliveryofquestionnairestovacantunitsin1990and2000,theresulting 8  comparisonwouldnotbeuseful. $ t Table2showsthepercentdistributionofUAAreasonsforundeliverabilityforboththe1990  L  censusandCensus2000withtheirrespectivestandarderrors.Comparingtheratesfrom1990to  8  2000,weseethatwehaveasubstantialincreaseinthepercentageofUAAsmarkedwiththe $  undeliverabilityreasonof nosuchaddress.WealsoseethatwehaveincreasedratesforUAAs   marked nomailreceptacle, postofficebox,and other.   OurlargestpercentagedropforCensus2000occurredforUAAsmarked duplicate.Wealso   observedalargepercentagedropforUAAsmarked nosuchapartment.OtherUAAreasons p forundeliverabilitythatresultedinpercentagedecreaseswere demolished/newconstruction, \  nonresidential,and blank. H % x "UAA Tablesc"ԀTable2.1990and2000CensusPercentDistributionofUAAReasonsforUndeliverability  p ЀExcludingVacantsB  C    \  &UAA Tablesc&*dddd dd dd dd dd  (#(#,4dd ,Fdd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  *W44 * @W3!HW @1990CensusdB  ԍ(D4,page1, H R8)C  d ?W2$H"W ? @W3!H"W @Census2000B  ԍd(D1,page3, H R7)C  Ԛd CW2$H"W C XXUAAReason =WW,!W =Percent  (n=82,742) =WW,!"WW =standarderror @W/!"WW @ =WW,! "W =Percent ! (n=156,697) =WW,!""WW =standarderror ;1!#"WW ;  #XX # XXNoSuchAddress '4$ '#XX  # XX36.60% '4%" '#XX # XX2.20% '4&" ' '4'" '#XX # XX57.43% '4(" '#XX # XX0.13% 4'4)"  4#XX  # XX#  #  Duplicate#  #  #XX # XX 9,!<* 9#XX U# XX#  #  13.70%#  #  #XX # XX 9,!<+" 9#XX # XX#  Z#  1.60%#  Y#  #XX # XX 9,!<," 9#XX ##XXXX#XXXX XX 9,!<-" 9#XX # XX#  #  0.96%#  \ #  #XX  # XX 9,!<." 9#XX  # XX#   #  0.02%#  !#  #XX `!# XX C6&</"   C#XX +"# XX#  !#  Blank#  "##XX "# 9,! 0 9 XX  13.50%#  ##  #XX ## XX 9,! 1" 9#XX >$# XX#  ##  2.80%#  $#  #XX $# XX 9,! 2" 9#XX %##XXXXB%#XXXX XX 9,! 3" 9#XX A&# XX#  "&#  10.22%#  &#  #XX &# XX 9,! 4" 9#XX '# XX#  F'#  0.08%#  E(#  #XX (# XX C6& 5"   C#XX (# XX#  (#  NoSuchApartment#  )##XX S)# 9,!!<6 9 XX  12.80%#  c*##XX D*# 9,!!<7" 9 XX  1.20%#  &+##XX +# 9,!!<8" 9 9,!!<9" 9 XX  2.83%#  !,##XX ,# 9,!!<:" 9 XX  0.04%#  ,##XX ,# C6&!<;"   C XX  Other#  -##XX -# 9,!l#< 9 XX  7.80%#  q.##XX R.# 9,!l#=" 9 XX  0.80%#  3/##XX /# 9,!l#>" 9 9,!l#?" 9 XX  11.48%#  .0##XX 0# 9,!l#@" 9 XX  0.08%#  0##XX 0# C6&l#A"   C XX  NoMailReceptacle#  1##XX 1# 9,!$< B 9 XX  7.40%#  2##XX m2# 9,!$< C" 9 XX  1.20%#  N3##XX /3# 9,!$< D" 9 9,!$< E" 9 XX  13.90%#  I4##XX *4# 9,!$< F" 9 XX  0.09%#   5##XX 4# C6&$< G"   C XX  Demolished/New l&!H Construction#  5##XX 5# 9,!0'"I 9 XX  4.80%#  6##XX 6# 9,!l&!J" 9 XX  0.60%#  7##XX g7# 9,!l&!K" 9 9,!l&!L" 9 XX  0.77%#  8##XX b8# 9,!l&!M" 9 XX  0.02%#  C9##XX $9# C6&l&!N"   C XX  NonResidential#  :##XX 9# 9,!(#O 9 XX  2.80%#  :##XX :# 9,!(#P" 9 XX  0.40%#  ;##XX ~;# 9,!(#Q" 9 9,!(#R" 9 XX  0.74%#  <##XX y<# 9,!(#S" 9 XX  0.02%#  Z=##XX ;=# C6&(#T"   C XX  PostOfficeBox#  &>##XX ># 9,!*X%U 9 XX  0.60%#  >##XX ># 9,!*X%V" 9 XX  0.10%#  ?##XX ?# 9,!*X%W" 9 9,!*X%X" 9 XX  1.67%#  @##XX @# 9,!*X%Y" 9 XX  0.03%#  qA##XX RA# 9WW(&*X%Z"   9 XXTotal XWWG+&[WW  0?X100.00% fWWUD+&\"  0 ?WW f IWW8'+&]"WW I gWWV'+&^"WW  0?g100.00% fWWUD+&_"  0 ?WW f7-++&`" WW 7W e   #XX B#NOaeOaFromTable3weseethepercentagedifferencesoftheestimatesfrom1990and2000withtheir  respective pooledstandarderrors.Inaddition,the95percentconfidencelimitsareshownto  determineifthedifferencesarestatisticallysignificant.Afterreviewingtheconfidencelimitswe  seethatalldifferencesaresignificantatasignificancelevelof0.05,exceptforthepercentage t differenceforUAAsthatwereneverannotatedwithareasonforundeliverability.Therefore,the ` percentofquestionnaireswithnoannotation(blank)didnotchangefrom1990to2000forthese L  particularUAAs.Weobservedasignificantdecreasefrom1990to2000inthepercentofUAAs 8  annotatedas duplicate, demolished/newconstruction, nonresidential,and nosuch $ t apartment.Furthermore,weobservedasignificantincreasefrom1990to2000inthepercentof  ` UAAsannotatedas nosuchaddress, postofficebox, nomailreceptacle,and other.  L  % { "UAA Tablesc"ԀTable3.Comparisonofthe1990CensusandCensus2000PercentDistributionsofUAA $  ЀReasonsforUndeliverabilitydB  ԍ(D4,page1,R9)dC      &UAA TablescI&*d d4dd 4Fdd Fdd dd dd dd (#(#,dd ,Sdd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  +WW   + XXUAAReason =WW,!L WW =PercentDifference L    2000rate1990rate#  M##XX L# XX =WW,!"WW =standarderror =WW,!L "WW =Lower L  95%CL =WW,!"WW =Upper L  95%CL   >4!"WW  >#XX M# XX#  N#  NoSuchAddress#  zO#   9/!h   9#  O#  20.83%#  FP#   9/!h"   9#  P#  2.20%#   Q#   9/!h"   9#  PQ#  16.51%#  Q#   9/!h"   9#  R#25.15% C6&h"    C#XX 8O# XX  NoMailReceptacle#  S#  #XX R# XX 9,!p 9#XX S# XX#  mS#  Ԁ6.50%#  lT#  #XX *T# XX 9,!p" 9#XX T# XX#  T#  1.20%#  U#  #XX rU# XX 9,!p" 9#XX =V##XXXXU#XXXX XX4.14%#  V##XX V# XX   9,!p" 9#XX dW##XXXXW#XXXX XX8.86% C6&p "   C#XX @X# XX#  !X#  Other#   Y#  #XX X# XX 9,!! 9#XX Y# XX#  SY#  Ԁ3.68%#  RZ#  #XX Z# XX 9,!"" 9#XX Z# XX#  Z#  0.80%#  [#  #XX X[# XX 9,!#" 9#XX #\##XXXX[#XXXX XX2.10%#  \##XX \# XX   9,!$" 9#XX J]##XXXXi]#XXXX XX5.26% C6&%"   C#XX &^# XX#  ^#  PostOfficeBox#  ^#  #XX ^# XX 9,! p& 9#XX _# XX#  C_#  Ԁ1.07%#  B`#  #XX `# XX 9,! p'" 9#XX `# XX#  `#  0.10%#  a#  #XX Ha# XX 9,! p(" 9#XX b##XXXXa#XXXX XX0.87%#  b##XX b# XX   9,! p)" 9#XX :c##XXXXYc#XXXX XX1.27% C6& p*"   C#XX d# XX#  c#  NonResidential#  d#  #XX d# XX 9,!x+ 9#XX ue# XX#  3e#  Ԁ2.05%#  2f#  #XX e# XX 9,!x," 9#XX f# XX#  |f#  0.40%#  {g#  #XX 9g# XX 9,!x-" 9#XX h# XX#  g#  Ԅ1.27%#  h#  #XX h# XX 9,!x." 9#XX Ki# XX#   i#  2.83%#  j##XX i#XXXX XX C6&x/"   C#XX j# XX#  rj#  Blank#  Xk#  #XX k# XX 9,! 0 9#XX k# XX#  k#  Ԁ3.28%#  l#  #XX \l# XX 9,! 1" 9#XX *m# XX#  l#  2.80%#  m#  #XX m# XX 9,! 2" 9#XX pn# XX#  .n#  Ԅ8.77%#  -o##XX n#XXXX XX 9,! 3" 9#XX o##XXXXo#XXXX XX2.21% C6& 4"   C#XX tp# XX#  Up#  Demolished/New (x5 Construction#  @q#  #XX p# XX 9,!<6 9#XX q# XX#  q#  Ԁ4.02%#  r#  #XX nr# XX 9,!(x7" 9#XX " <#  y#Ԅ7.62% GW6&D?"   G#XX w#XXXX XXDuplicate =W,!@W =#XX  {# XXԀ12.74% =W,!A"W =#XX {# XX1.60% =W,!B"W =#XX |# XXԄ15.88%#XX |# XX#  z#   =W,!C"W =#XX |# XXԄ9.60%6,*D"  W 6 #XX }#SXX% |  4.4WhatweretheFinalCensusStatusResultsoftheUAAQuestionnaires? V~#XXS*~# #XXXX)}#XXXX T!E Giventheannotatedreasonforundeliverabilityonareturnedmailingpiece,aquestionofinterest >#G wouldbewhetherthemarkingisagoodindicatorofthefinalcensusstatusofthegivenlabeled *$zH housingunitaddress.Attheleast,onewouldhopethatanyquestionnairethatwasdesignatedas %f I UAAindicatedthelabeledaddresscorrespondedtoanunoccupiedhousingunit.Table4shows &R!J thepercentdistributionofUAAsbyfinalcensusstatus.FromTable4weseethatthevast &>"K majorityofUAAswereinfactunoccupied.Specifically,31.06percentwereclassifiedasvacant '*#L andapproximately47.38percentwere deletedfromthecensusaddressframe.However, ($M approximately21.56percentoftheUAAswereclassifiedwithafinalcensusstatusofoccupied. )%N % } "UAA Tablesc" v,'Q Oa e   рTable4.FinalCensusStatusSummary &UAA Tablesc&dB  ԍ(D2,page1,R10)C  d  *d ddd Sdd Sdd dd dd (#(#,dd ,dd ,Fdd ,dd ,dd +  +WW + XXFinalCensusStatus =WW,!<WW =Percent < (n=284,035)* =WW,!"WW =standarderror =WW,!<"WW =Lower < 95%CL =WW,!"WW =Upper <  95%CL 0&! "WW 0Delete/Removed 0& X    047.38% 9/! X "   90.09% 9/! X "   947.19% 9/! X"   947.56% 0#! X"  0Vacant 0#`  031.06% 9,!` " 90.09% 9,!` " 930.89% 9,!` " 931.23% 4W#!` " 4Occupied 4W# W 421.56#  #% =W,! "W =0.08% =W,! "W =21.41% =W,! "W =  21.71%1'% "  W 1#XX x#Ԁ XX*Notethat1,595UAAcaseswerenotmatchedtoafinalcensusstatus   #XX I# SXX% ~  4.5HowdotheFinalCensusStatusResultsfrom2000Compareto1990? #XXS#    Asacomparisonto1990,Table5showsthefinalcensusstatusratesforboth1990and2000 n  withtheirrespectivestandarderrors.WeseethattheestimatedUAApercentdistributionby Z  finalcensusstatusforCensus2000isverysimilartothatofthe1990census. F  Ѐ%  "UAA Tablesc"ԀTable5.Comparisonof1990and2000FinalCensusStatusSummaries &UAA Tablesc & n! *dddd dd Fdd Fdd dd (#(#,Sdd ,edd ,dd ,pdd ,edd ,dd +  *WF#F * AWW0!Z$W A1990CensusdB  ԍ(D5,page1, n( R11)C  d ?W2$Z%"WW ? AWW0!Z&"W ACensus2000dB  ԍ(D2,page1, n+ R10)C  #XXXXȊ#dXXXX CW2$Z'"WW C XXFinalCensusStatus @W/!*(W @Percent *) (n=124,612) @W/!*"W @standarderror @W/!*+"W @ @W/!*,"W @Percent *- (n=284,035)* @W/!."W @standarderror 0&!*/"W 0Delete/Removed XNF0  Cl?.436Cl? X43.60% ~HF1" Cl?.436 Cl?  ;On?.018;On? 1.80% f\HF2" ;On?.018 ;On?   f ?5'F3"   ?47.38% 9/!F4"   90.09% 0#!F5"  0Vacant XKN6 !rh?.327!rh?X32.70% zHN7" !rh?.327 !rh?  rh?1.7 rh?1.70% eXGN8"  rh?1.7  rh? e ?2'N9" ?31.06% 9,!N:" 90.09% 4W#!N;" 4Occupied \WK<W tV?.237tV?\23.70% W{H=" tV?.237 tV?W I +?.011I +?#  Б#  1.10% jWYH>" I +?.011 I +?W j CW2'?"W C21.56#  v#% =W,!@"W =0.08%  1'%A"  W 1#XX 2#Ԁ XXԀ*Notethat1,595UAAcaseswerenotmatchedtoafinalcensusstatus#XX -##XXXX#XXXX A Table6showstheestimatedpercentdifferenceofthe1990and2000UAAfinalcensusstatus rC rates,thestandarderroroftheestimateddifference,andtheupperandlower95percent ^ D confidencelimits.FromTable6,the95percentconfidenceintervalsprovideevidencethatthe J!E ratesfrom1990and2000areequivalent,exceptforthedifferenceintheratesfortheUAAs 6"F identifiedas delete/removed.Thisparticularconfidenceintervalindicatesthatthepercentof "#rG UAAsdeletedorremovedincreasedfrom1990to2000anywherefrom0.25percentto $^H 7.31percent.ThiswasduetothefactthatUAAstatuswasusedtoremove/deleteahousingunit $J I aspartofthe killprocess(U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000). %6!J  n+&P  NOa     р%  "UAA Tablesc"Table6.Comparisonof1990and2000FinalCensusStatusSummariesd &UAA Tablesc&B  ԍ(D5,page1,R12)C  d  *ddSdd Sedd edd pdd pedd edd (#(#,dd ,rdd ,dd ,8dd ,^dd +  +WW + XXFinalCensusStatus =WW,!<WW =PercentDifference < 2000rate1990rate#  ڛ#  #XX w# XX =WW,!"WW =standarderror =WW,!<"WW =Upper < 95%CL =WW,!"WW =Lower <  95%CL 0&! "WW 0Delete/Removed 0& X    0Ѐ3.78% 9/! X "   91.80% 9/! X "   9Ѐ0.25% 9/! X"   97.31% 0#! X"  0Vacant 0#`  0Є1.64% 9,!` " 91.70% 9,!` " 9Є4.98% 9,!` " 91.70% 9W(!` " 9Occupied#  F# # 4W# W 4?( 4 <DL X?ӄ2.14% =W,! "W =<( 4 <DLX<1.10%   =W,! "W =Є4.30% =W,! "W =<( 4 <DLX<0.02%6,* "   W 6#XX #   `     h #XXXXi#XXXX SXX%   4.6WhatweretheFinalCensusStatusResultsforeachUAAClassification? P#XXS$#   (  Wearealsointerestedininvestigatingthefinalcensusstatuspercentdistributionforeachclass   ofreasonforundeliverability.Forexample,arethemailingaddressesidentifiedasvacantbythe   U.S.PostalServiceactuallyvacantasindicatedbythefinalcensusstatus?FromTable7,wesee   thatapproximately22percentoftheUAAsidentifiedasvacanthousingunitsbytheU.S.Postal   Servicewereactuallyidentifiedasoccupiedhousingunitsasindicatedbytheirfinalcensus r  status.Inaddition,approximately50percentwerereportedasvacantbytheirfinalcensusstatus. ^! Furthermore,approximately29percentweregivenafinalcensusstatusofdelete.Assumingthat J" thefinalcensusstatusisvalid,weconcludethattheU.S.PostalServicecorrectlyidentifies 6# vacanthousingunitsabout50percentofthetime. "r$ ExaminingtheclassofUAAsidentifiedasduplicates,weobservethatthemajorityofthesecases J& weregivenafinalcensusstatusofdelete.However,approximately31percentoftheduplicates 6' wereidentifiedasoccupiedhousingunitsbytheirfinalcensusstatus.Inaddition,asmaller "( percentagewasidentifiedasvacants.ReferringbacktoTable1,theduplicatecasesmakeup ) approximatelyahalfapercentoftheoverallUAAworkload.FortheUAAcasesclassifiedas * demolished,newconstruction,ornonresidential,weseethatthevastmajorityofthesecases + receivedafinalcensusstatusofdelete.Furthermore,approximately11percentwereassigneda , finalstatusofvacant.Wewouldexpectsomeofthesecasestohaveafinalcensusstatusof n- vacantsincesomenewconstructionunitsmayappeartobeunoccupiedandvacant. Z . Approximately4percentwerefoundtobeoccupiedasindicatedbythefinalcensusstatus. F!/ InreviewingthefinalstatuspercentdistributionfortheUAAcasesclassifiedas nosuch #n1 address,and nosuchapartment,weobservethat77.4percentofthesecaseswereclassifiedas  $Z2 delete.Inaddition,wehave8.6percentofthesecasesidentifiedasvacantbytheirfinalstatus. $F 3 Furthermore,wefoundthatapproximately14percentofthesecasesresultedinanoccupiedfinal %2!4 censusstatus.Thisisalessthandesirableresultsincecasesidentifiedasnosuchaddressandno &"5 suchapartmentmakeupapproximately33percentoftheUAAworkloadasindicatedbyTable1. ' #6 FromTable7,wenoticethat48.1percentoftheUAAsclassifiedas postofficeboxor no )$8 mailreceptacleresultedinafinalcensusstatusofoccupied.Obviously,thesecasesinclude ~*%9 thosecensusrespondentswhodonotreceivemailattheirplaceofresidencebutatapostoffice j+&:  We e e   box,suchisthecaseformanyruralsettings.Thesehousingunitswerelikelytobeidentifiedas  occupiedthroughNonresponseFollowup.Inaddition,wenoticethatapproximately20.5percent  oftheUAAsclassifiedas postofficeboxor nomailreceptaclewereidentifiedasvacantby  theirfinalcensusstatus.Furthermore,31.4percentpossessedafinalcensusstatusofdelete. t NotethattheseUAAsmadeupapproximately8.5percentoftheoverallUAAworkload. ` TheUAAsclassifiedas otheror noreasonwrittenmadeupanevensmallerpercentageof 8  theoverallworkload(approximately6percent[Table1]).InexaminingthisclassofUAAswe $ t noticethatapproximately24percentoftheseUAAswereidentifiedasoccupied,32percentas  ` vacant,and43percentasdeletes.  L  AlloftheUAAclassificationsappeartohaveasubstantialpercentageofelementsthatare $  identifiedasbeingoccupiedexcludingthetwocategoriesconsistingof demolished,new   construction,ornonresidential,and nosuchaddressornosuchapartment.However,the   onlyclassificationthatcausessomeconcernarethoseUAAsclassifiedasvacantsincethese   UAAsmakeupapproximately45percentoftheUAAworkload,theremainingcategoriesare   considerablyless(seeTable1). p %  "UAA Tablesc"Table7.FinalCensusStatusbyUAAReasonforUndeliverability &UAA Tablesc[& H *78dddd rdd rdd 8dd 8^dd ^(#(#," dd ,dd ,Add ,Bdd ,dd ,9dd ,Kdd ,dd ,:dd +  *W p p *  @W3!W @ XX @  @ FinalCensusStatus#XX $# <2$"W  < XX  ! AWW0!T  AOccupied ?W2$T"WW ? AWW0!T"W AVacant ?W2$T"WW ? AWW0!T"W ADelete/Remove CW2$T"WW CUAAReason @W/!\W @Percent @W/!\"W @standard \ error @W/! p "W @ @W/!\!"W @Percent @W/!\""W @standard \# error @W/! p$"W @ @W/!\%"W @Percent @W/!\&"W @standard \' error 0&! p("W 0PostOfficeBox,orNoMail x) Receptacle <* (n=24,387)dB  ԍ(D2,page7,R17)C  Ԛ#  ##XX #dXXXX XX YOP+ cX9?48.10cX9?Y48.10% ~Ix," cX9?48.10 cX9? -C6j?.32-C6j?0.32% e[Gx-" -C6j?.32 -C6j? e h^'x." ߾3?20.47߾3?h20.47% ~Ix/" ߾3?20.47 ߾3? _Le?.26_Le?0.26% e[Gx0" _Le?.26 _Le? e h^'x1" H}?31.43H}?h31.43% ~Ix2" H}?31.43 H}? ~jth?.30~jth?0.30% VIGx3" ~jth?.30 ~jth? VDuplicatedB  ԍ(D2,page4,R14)#  0##XX O#d XX  ԍC   X4 (n=1,501) YL l5 k ?30.67k ?Y30.67% |IX6" k ?30.67 k ? ~jt?1.20~jt?1.20% fYHX7" ~jt?1.20 ~jt? f gZ'X8" ױ?6.97ױ?g6.97% zHX9" ױ?6.97 ױ? F%u{?.66F%u{?0.66% eXGX:" F%u{?.66 F%u{? e h['X;" #?62.36#?h62.36% |IX<" #?62.36 #?  o_Ή?1.26 o_Ή?1.26% ZMHX="  o_Ή?1.26  o_Ή? ZOtherorNoReasonWritten t!> (n=33,992)dB  ԍ(D2,page8,R18)C  Ԛ#   ##XX #d XX   \O8"? ڬ\m?24.04ڬ\m?\24.04% It!@" ڬ\m?24.04 ڬ\m? HPsb?0.23HPsb?0.23% i\Ht!A" HPsb?0.23 HPsb? i k^'t!B" 0*?32.160*?k32.16% It!C" 0*?32.16 0*? {Gzd?0.25{Gzd?0.25% i\Ht!D" {Gzd?0.25 {Gzd? i k^'t!E" * ?43.81* ?k43.81% It!F" * ?43.81 * ? _vOf?0.27_vOf?0.27% ZMHt!G" _vOf?0.27 _vOf? ZVacantdB  ԍ(D2,page3,R13)C  d #H (n=128,931) \OT$I ?21.71?\21.71% ~I#J" ?21.71 ? a2U0*S?.12a2U0*S?0.12% h[G#K" a2U0*S?.12 a2U0*S? h k^'#L" ףp= ?49.75ףp= ?k49.75% ~I#M" ףp= ?49.75 ףp= ? ȺV?.14ȺV?0.14% h[G#N" ȺV?.14 ȺV? h k^'#O" Nё\C?28.54Nё\C?k28.54% ~I#P" Nё\C?28.54 Nё\C? _LU?.13_LU?0.13%d VIG#Q" _LU?.13 _LU? VdNoSuchAddress,NoSuchApartment % R (n=94,414)dB  ԍ(D2,page6,R16)C  Ԛ#  ,##XX  #d XX   YLp&!S ۊe?13.98ۊe?Y13.98% {I% T" ۊe?13.98 ۊe? /nR?.11/nR?0.11% eXG% U" /nR?.11 /nR? e gZ'% V" jt?8.60jt?g8.60% zH% W" jt?8.60 jt? H}M?.09H}M?0.09% eXG% X" H}M?.09 H}M? e h['% Y" ??77.42??h77.42% {I% Z" ??77.42 ?? ȺV?.14ȺV?0.14%#  ##XX # XX   ZWIG% [" ȺV?.14 ȺV? ZDemolished,NewConstruction,or '#\ NonResidentialB  ԍ(D2,page5,R15)#  ##XX #XXXX XXԍC   (#] (n=2,395) \WKP)$^W gs?4.19gs?\4.19% WzH'#_" gs?4.19 gs?W ^)p?.41^)p?0.41% iWXG'#`" ^)p?.41 ^)p?W i lW[''#a"W ZB>ټ?11.27ZB>ټ?l11.27% W{I'#b" ZB>ټ?11.27 ZB>ټ?W :vz?.65:vz?0.65% iWXG'#c" :vz?.65 :vz?W i lW[''#d"W 镲 ?84.53镲 ?l84.53% W{I'#e" 镲 ?84.53 镲 ?W _vO~?.74_vO~?0.74%#  ##XX 9# XX  WMK'#f" _vO~?.74  _vO~?W W#XX #Table8showsthefinalcensusstatuspercentdistributionforeachoftheUAAclassifications 0+&g from1990.#XXXX#XXXXWeseethatthedistributionsdochangesubstantiallygoingfrom1990to2000.In ,l'h Table9wewillexaminethesedifferencesandtesttheirsignificance. -X(i L     %  "UAA Tablesc"Table8.1990FinalCensusStatusbyUAAReasonforUndeliverabilityd &UAA Tablesc &#XXXX#XXXXB  ԍ(D6,page1,R19)C  d  *9:d d" dd " dd Add ABdd Bdd 9dd 9Kdd Kdd :dd :78(#(#, dd ,9dd ,9dd ,Jdd ,dd ,:dd ,Kdd ,dd ,9dd +  *W * XX @W3!<W @FinalCensusStatus <2$<"W  <#XX d# XX  @@ @ @  AWW0!D  AOccupied ?W2$D"WW ? AWW0!D"W AVacant ?W2$D"WW ? AWW0!D "W ADelete/Removed CW2$D "WW CUAAReason @W/!  W @Percent @W/!  "W @standard    error @W/!` "W @ @W/! "W @Percent @W/! "W @standard   error @W/!` "W @ @W/! "W @Percent @W/! "W @standard   error 0&!` "W 0Duplicate XN  MbX?39.6MbX?X39.60% }H " MbX?39.6 MbX? I +?2.2I +?2.20% e[G " I +?2.2 I +? e g]' " !rh?11.3!rh?g11.30% }H " !rh?11.3 !rh? I +?2.2I +?2.20% e[G " I +?2.2 I +? e g]' " Cl?49.1Cl?g49.10% }H " Cl?49.1 Cl? :v?2.6:v?2.60% VIG " :v?2.6 :v? VPostOfficeBox,orNoMail  `  Receptacle XK $ ! 㥛 ?29.2㥛 ?X29.20% zH `"" 㥛 ?29.2 㥛 ? L7A`?3.3L7A`?3.30% eXG `#" L7A`?3.3 L7A`? e gZ' `$" v/?45.6v/?g45.60% zH `%" v/?45.6 v/? I +?4.4I +?4.40% eXG `&" I +?4.4 I +? e gZ' `'" T㥛 ?25.2T㥛 ?g25.20% zH `(" T㥛 ?25.2 T㥛 ? Q?3.0Q?3.00% YLG `)" Q?3.0 Q? YOtherorNoReasonWritten YL,| *  Q?28Q?Y28.00% {F,| +"  Q?28 Q? Mb?3.2Mb?3.20% h[G,| ," Mb?3.2 Mb? h j]',| -" 㥛 ?29.2㥛 ?j29.20% }H,| ." 㥛 ?29.2 㥛 ? V-?2.9V-?2.90% h[G,| /" V-?2.9 V-? h j]',| 0" 1Zd?42.81Zd?j42.80% }H,| 1" 1Zd?42.8 1Zd? Q?3.0Q?3.00% VIG,| 2" Q?3.0 Q? VNoSuchAddress,NoSuchApartment XK 3 m?23.3m?X23.30% zH 4" m?23.3 m? Mb?1.6Mb?1.60% eXG 5" Mb?1.6 Mb? e gZ' 6" T㥛 ?12.6T㥛 ?g12.60% zH 7" T㥛 ?12.6 T㥛 ? ~jt?1.2~jt?1.20% eXG 8" ~jt?1.2 ~jt? e gZ' 9" On?64.1On?g64.10% zH :" On?64.1 On? Zd;O?2.3Zd;O?2.30% VIG ;" Zd;O?2.3 Zd;O? VVacant XK, < MbX?19.8MbX?X19.80% zH, =" MbX?19.8 MbX? " 3 9#XX ,# XXԀ3.43%* 9,!H ?" 9#XX =-# XX1.95%#XX -# XX 0#!H @" 0Vacant 0#dA 0<( 4 <DLX<#XX  .# XXԀ1.91% 9,!dB" 9#XX .# XX0.91% 9,!dC" 9 9,!dD3 9#XX r/# XX10.85% 9,!dE" 9#XX +0# XX1.61% 9,!dF" 9 9,!dG3 9#XX 0# XXԀ9.04% 9,!dH" 9#XX e1# XX1.21%#XX 1# XX 4W#!dI" 4PostOfficeBox,orNoMail  J Receptacle 4W#KW 4#XX 02# XXԄ18.90% =W,! L"W =#XX 3# XX3.32% =W,! M"W = =W,! N3W =#XX 3# XX25.13% =W,! O"W =#XX [4# XX4.41% =W,! P"W = =W,! Q3W =#XX 4# XXԀ6.23% =W,! R"W =#XX 5# XX3.01%#XX )6# XX1'% S"  W 1Ѐ*Thepercentdifferencewasnotsignificantlydifferentfromzeroatasignificancelevelof=.05 tS #XX p6##XXXX#XXXX' XXPercentdifferencesarecalculatedasfollows2000rate1990rate#XX 7# XX#  7#   8T   #XX 48# #XXXXv8# SXX%   #XX S8#XX5.RECOMMENDATIONS#XX\9# X+9 XXXX 6V   Insummary,wewereabletodrawinferencesfromoursampletothegeneraluniverseofUAAs 6X excludingUAAsthatweresuccessfullydeliveredduringtheLCOUAAredistributionoperation. "rY Specifically,weestimatedtheoveralldistributionofreasonsforundeliverabilityofCensus2000 ^Z questionnaires.Furthermore,wewereabletomakeinferencesaboutthefinalcensusstatus J[ resultsoftheUAAsaswellasreviewtheseresultsforeachofourdefinedcategoriesofreasons 6\ forundeliverability.Inaddition,wherepossibleeachofouranalysisresultswerecomparedwith "] theresultsexperiencedduringthe1990census.  ^ #XXXX9#XXXXOneofthelargestportionsoftheundeliverablequestionnaireworkloadconsistedof "` questionnairesmarkedas nosuchaddressor nosuchapartment.Inaddition,77percentof #a theseundeliverablequestionnairesresultedinafinalcensusstatusofdeletedB  ԍ#XXXX&=#ԍ(cf.Table7)C  ԚdXXXX.Undeliverable n$b questionnairesofthistypearelikelymissingaddresselementsorcontainincorrectaddress Z% c elements. WerecommendusingUnitedStatesPostalServiceproducts/servicessuchasthe F&!d AddressElementCorrectionservicepriortoCensusmailouttoprovidecorrectionsto 6'"e addressesortoidentifypotentiallyundeliverableaddressesinthe_mailout_/mailback "(r#f addresslist.#XXXX>#XXXX  )^$g #XXXXA#XXXXInadditiontotheundeliverablequestionnairesmarkedas nosuchaddressor nosuch *6&i apartment,otherreasonsforundeliverabilityhaveproventobegoodindicatorsoffinalcensus +"'j status.Specifically,weobservedquestionnairesmarkedas vacantmakeup45percentofthe ,(k Oa    undeliverablequestionnaireworkloadB  ԍ#XXXXtA#XXXXd(cf.Table1)C  Ԛd#XXXXC#XXXXԀand50percentofthetimethesecasesresultinafinal  statusofvacantB  ԍ#XXXXC#XXXXd(cf.Table7)C  Ԛd#XXXXD#XXXX.Furthermore,9percentoftheundeliverablequestionnaireworkloadcamefrom  questionnairesannotatedwith postofficeboxor nomailreceptacleB  #XXXXE#XXXXd(cf.Table1)C  Ԛd#XXXXF#XXXXԀand48percentofthese  undeliverablequestionnairesresultedinafinalcensusstatusofoccupiedB  ԍ#XXXX~F#XXXXd(cf.Table7)C  Ԛd#XXXXDG#XXXX. Giventhateachof t thesecategoriescontributeasubstantialportiontotheoverallundeliverablequestionnaire d workloadandprovideafairlygoodindicatoroffinalstatus,werecommendthatforthe P  2010censuswecapturethedataforthePostalServicesreasonsforundeliverabilityand <  usethesedataasafactorinthedeterminationoffinalcensusstatus.#XXXXG# XXXX ( x  #XXXXI#%     @,  @,7Jows  XXREFERENCES J#XXJ# SXX (   #XX SJ#+JCochran,W.1977,SamplingTechniques3rdEdition,Wiley&Sons:NewYork,pp.226227. (  U.S.BureauoftheCensus,1993,PostmasterReturnDelivery,1990CensusofPopulationand  HousingEvaluationandResearchReportsProgramstoImproveCoverageinthe1990Census,  1990CPHE3,Washington,D.C.,November1993,pp.4651.  U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000a,SpecificationsforSamplingUndeliverableasAddressed ` QuestionnairesReturnedtotheNationalProcessingCenter,DSSDCensus2000Proceduresand L OperationsMemorandumSeries#MM2,March6,2000. 8 U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000b,SpecificationsfortheProcessingoftheSampled ` UndeliverableasAddressedQuestionnairesatJeffersonville,DSSDCensus2000Procedures L andOperationsMemorandumSeries#MM3,March6,2000. 8 U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2000c,SpecificationoftheKillUniverseontheDecennialMaster  AddressFileforCensus2000,DSSDCensus2000ProceduresandOperationsMemorandum  Series#D13,December21,2000.  U.S.BureauoftheCensus,2001,StudyPlanfortheEvaluationoftheLocalCensusOffice p! RedistributionofCensus2000MailoutQuestionnairesReturnedbytheUnitedStatesPostal \"  ServicewithUndeliverableAsAddressedDesignation,DSSDCensus2000Proceduresand H#! OperationsMemorandumSeries#MM9,July12,2001. 4$"  +&* %      SXXAPPENDIX @R S S#XX S\R#  MR*yWzd d` dd ` << 9<< 9K<< K<< 9<< 9<< << 9<< 9;<(#(#,xx ,dd ,7dd +  )&& Y) XX ': 'Category ': ' KA: Y  ?1?K1 E;0  ?1 ? EVacant ' ' House,apartment,buildingnotoccupied.Empty,deceased,movedleft  noaddress . W   Seasonaltemporarilyaway,temporaryforward,summeruseonly,  k  temporaryvacant . F< /   @2@F2 E;09    @2 @ E Duplicate '9   ' Addresseereceivedduplicatemailpieces. F<9   @3@F3 E;0   @3 @ E UnderConstruction '  ' House,apartment,buildingisunderconstruction. F<   @4@F4 E;09   @4 @ E Demolished '9  ' House,apartment,buildinghasbeendemolished. HouseBurned, 9  Condemned. F<   @5@F5 E;0W   @5 @ E NonResidential 'W  ' Businessonly,church,vacantandbusiness. F<W   @6@F6 E;0_   @6 @ E NoSuchAddress '_  ' NSA,NosuchNumber(_NSN_,NS#),NosuchStreet,InsufficientAddress, _  Nondeliverableasaddressed,ReturnedforBetterAddress,Undeliverable #s asAddressed(UAA),Route(RT)Unknown. F<7  @7@F7 E;0?  @7 @ E NoSuchApartment '? ' Apartmentnumberforthemailedaddressdoesnotexist. F<?    @8 @F8 E;0!   @8  @ E PostOfficeBox '" ' WrongP.O.Box#,P.O.BoxDeliveryOnly,CityDelivery,BoxClosed # NoOrder, GeneralDelivery. F<[$  "@9"@F9 E;0%  "@9 "@ E NoMailReceptacle '& ' Addresseefailedtoprovideareceptacleforreceiptofmail._NMR_, ' BrokenMailbox. G=w(  $@10$@G10 F<1)  $@10 $@ F NotDeliverableAs * AddressedandUnableto + Forward 'W, 'NotDeliverableAsAddressed andForwardingOrderExpired,Unableto - forward,Forwardingorderexpired#XX T# XX . G=.  &@11&@G11 F<1/  &@11 &@ F OutsideDeliveryLimits '0 ' Addressedtolocationoutsidedeliverylimitsofpostofficeofaddress. 1 WrongZIPCode,WrongCity. G=s2  (@12(@G12 F<13  (@12 (@ F Refused '4 ' Addresseerefusedtoacceptmail.Attemptednotknown,Unclaimed. G=5  *@13*@G13 F<1#!s6  *@13 *@ F Blank (Noreasonwritten) '#!s7 ' Anondeliveryreasonisnotwrittenontheenvelope. G=#!s8  ,@14,@G14 F<1}"9  ,@14 ,@ F Other '}": ' Thenondeliveryreasondoesnotfallintoanyoftheabovecategories.  }";  Inaccessibledangerous,doghazard.Unreadablenondeliveryreasons. G=A#<  .@15.@G15 F<1$=  .@15 .@ F Illegible '$> ' Addressnotreadable.Somethingspilledonit,crunchedinmachine, $? receivedunsealed,addresscoveredup. #XX a#"]% @  "