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BACKGROUND""J(#. 1     1.10  WhywerequestionsonraceandHispanicoriginaskedinPuertoRico?""J(#.T1r (#(#   1.20  WhatisbeingsaidingeneralabouttheraceandHispanicoriginquestions^ (#(#   0  fromCensus2000?""J(#. !1J  (#(#   1.30  WhatdoespriorresearchontheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsusedin6 (#(#   0  Census2000indicateaboutthelikelihoodoftheirsuccessinPuertoRico?""J(#.Z1"r (#(#   1.40  Whatwastheimpetusandguidelinesforthecurrentstudy?""J(#.LLJ2^ (#(# 2.  METHODS""J(#. 2 6    2.10  Whatmethodswereusedtogeneratetheresultsofthisstudy?""J(#.M2"(#(#   2.20  Whatarethelimitationsofthisstudy?""J(#.73(#(# 3.  RESULTS""J(#.p p 3    3.1  HowdidthepopulationofPuertoRicorespondtothequestionon      Hispanicorigin?""J(#. 3 n   3.2  HowdidthepopulationofPuertoRicorespondtothequestiononrace?""J(#.66V5 Z     3.2.1Responsestotheracequestionusingmutuallyexclusivecategories""J(#.Y6 F     3.2.2Responsestotheracequestionusingthemultipleracecategories""J(#.X7 2     3.2.3ResponsestotheracequestionbyselectedHispanicorigingroups""J(#.NNX8 n     3.2.4Thewriteinresponsestotheracequestion`"`"I(#.B10  Z   3.3  WhataretheitemnonresponseratesfortheHispanicoriginquestion?`"`"I(#.V12 F   3.4  Whataretheitemnonresponseratesfortheraceoriginquestion?`"`"I(#.\\R12 2   3.5  Doestheresponsemode(individualorenumeratorsupplied)affectthe      responsestotheraceandHispanicoriginquestions?`"`"I(#.D13   4.  RECOMMENDATIONS`"`"I(#. 16 ! Acknowledgments`"`"I(#. 17 j#! References`"`"I(#.$$18 B% #   (                 AppendixA:Census2000RaceandHispanicOriginNumericDistributionin 'j"% PuertoRicoandthe50StatesandD.C.`"`"I(#.119 (V#& AppendixB:Census2000QuestionsonHispanicOriginandRace`"`"I(#.H20     Ԉ ).%(        +'* _ GkXXLISTOFTABLES #XXGk#    *4(#(#*Table1: 4 Census2000HispanicoriginpercentdistributioninPuertoRicoand     4 the50StatesandD.C.""J(#.bb(4  Table2: 4 TypesofCensus2000responsestotheHispanicoriginquestion t     4 inPuertoRico""J(#. 5 `  Table3: 4 Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininPuertoRico L     4 andthe50StatesandD.C.""J(#.+7 8  Table4: 4 Census2000racealoneorincombinationdistributionoftotalresponses $ t    0 4 byHispanicorigininPuertoRicoandthe50StatesandD.C.#""J(#.22M4(#4(##8 `  Table5a: 4 Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininPuertoRico""J(#.V9 L  Table5b: 4 Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininthe50statesand 8     4 theDistrictofColumbia`"`"I(#.)10 $  Table6: 4 TypesofCensus2000responsestotheracequestioninPuertoRico`"`"I(#.\\S11   Table7: 4 PercentofresponsestotheHispanicoriginquestionresultingfromeditand     0 4 allocationprocessbyHispanicorigintypeinPuertoRicoandthe4(#4(#   0 4 50StatesandD.C.#`"`"I(#.  #4(#4(##12  Table8: 4 Percentofresponsestotheracequestionresultingfromtheeditandallocation p   0 4 processbyHispanicorigininPuertoRicoandthe50StatesandD.C.#`"`"I(#.U4(#4(##13 \ Table9: 4 Census2000HispanicorigindistributionbyResponseMode(Individualor H    4 EnumeratorSupplied)inPuertoRicoandthe50StatesandD.C.`"`"I(#.TTO14 4 Table10: 4 Census2000racealonedistributionbyResponseMode(Individualor  p    4 EnumeratorSupplied)ofthoseofHispanicorigininPuertoRicoand  \   0 4 the50StatesandD.C.#`"`"I(#.00'4(#4(##15 H .(#4(#9.  4 ______________________________________________________________________________ @-(, IntentionallyBlank  ,.|)- GkXX bO  EXECUTIVESUMMARY   #XXGkU(#(  InCensus2000,questionsonraceandHispanicoriginwereaskedofindividualsinPuertoRico  forthefirsttime.ThespecificquestionsthatwereaskedofresidentsinPuertoRicowere  identicaltothequestionsaskedinthe50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia(D.C.).Boththe  newnessofthedataandtheuncertaintiesassociatedwiththeracequestioncontributedtoahigh t  levelofinterestintheresponsesbyresidentsofPuertoRicotothesequestions. `  Thegoalofthisstudywastoexaminethedataresultingfromtheresponsestotheraceand 8  HispanicoriginquestionsbytheresidentsofPuertoRicoduringCensus2000andtocompare $ t  themwiththoseresultingfromresponsestotheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsbyresidents `  ofthe50statesandD.C.. L  TheanalysisshowsthattheresidentsofPuertoRicoidentifiedthemselvesasoverwhelminglyof $  Hispanicoriginandofasinglerace.Intermsofrace,thegreatmajorityidentifiedthemselvesas   White,withasubstantialminorityreportingthemselvesasBlackorAfricanAmerican.When   comparedwiththoseofHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C.,substantiallyfewerreported  themselvestobeofSomeOtherRace,andalowerpercentageidentifiedthemselvesasofTwoor  MoreRaces.Theanalysisalsoshowsthattwotypicalindicatorsofproblematicquestions,item p nonresponseanddifferencesbetweenrespondentandenumeratorcompletedquestionnaires,did \ notindicatemajorproblemswitheitherquestion. H Fromthesefindingscomethefollowingrecommendationsforimprovementsandforfurther  p research.  \   "43"  43023  0    IncludePuertoRicointhecognitivetestingoreffortstofieldtestdifferentversionsand 4 formatsofquestionsandquestionnairesthatarecurrentlyunderwayforthe2010   census.4300݌ (#(# Ќ    "43"  43^223  0    Investigatefurthertheuseofthe SomeOtherRacecategoryoftheracequestionto  assurethattherangeofresponsesexcludesthosethatbetterfittheHispanicorigin   question.43^22݌l!(#(# Ќ  GkXX  X"  #XXGk3#______________________________________________________________________________ \-(& IntentionallyBlank  H.)' bO be b   GkXX  1.BACKGROUND  e #XXGkf5#5    InCensus2000,questionsonraceandHispanicoriginwereaskedofindividualsinPuertoRico e forthefirsttime.Priortothis,thelastindicationoftheracialcompositionofthepeopleof Q PuertoRicocamefromthe1950census,duringwhichenumeratorsenteredtheraceofthe = respondentonthequestionnairebyobservation.Theresultingabsenceofinformationonrace )  andHispanicoriginintheCommonwealthgeneratedmuchinterestinhowtheresidentsofPuerto   Ricowouldrespondtothesequestions.   1.1WhywerequestionsonraceandHispanicoriginaskedinPuertoRico?  t  ThedecisiontoincludequestionsonraceandHispanicoriginforCensus2000inPuertoRico L  occurredbecausethegovernmentofPuertoRicorequestedthesamequestionnairecontentas 8  statesideinordertospeedtheprocessingandreleaseofPuertoRicocensusdataandsothat $  PuertoRicocouldbeincludedinstatesidestatistics. u  1.20  WhatisbeingsaidingeneralabouttheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsfromCensus M 2000?9(#(# ThequestionsonraceandHispanicoriginusedduringCensus2000(seeAppendixB)have  attractedattentionontheirownduetochangesinthewaythesequestionswereaskedinthe50  StatesandD.C.comparedwiththequestionsinthe1990Census.Themainchangeintherace  questionwasthatrespondentswereallowedtoindicatemultipleracesforthefirsttime.In p addition,theorderoftheraceandHispanicoriginquestionswasswitchedin2000sothatthe \ Hispanicoriginquestiondirectlyprecededtheracequestion.Thesechangesandthe H uncertaintiesassociatedwiththemaddanadditionallevelofcomplexitytotheanalysisofthe 4 responsestotheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsinPuertoRico.   1.30  WhatdoespriorresearchontheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsusedinCensus2000 ] indicateaboutthelikelihoodoftheirsuccessinPuertoRico?    1      I(#(# Priorresearchinthe50U.S.statesandD.C.generallysupportedtheHispanicoriginquestion !! usedinCensus2000butraisedquestionsaboutthedataresultingfromtheracequestion.These  "  studiessuggestedthatthoseofHispanicorigintendnottodifferentiatebetweentheconceptsof "! raceandHispanicorigin.Theyarealsomorelikelythanothergroupstoreportdifficulty #" answeringtheracequestionandtofindnoacceptablepreprintedcategory(Davis,et.al.,1998a; $l # Davis,etal,1998b;GerberanddelaPuente,1998;Harrison,et.al.,1996;).Thesefindings, %X!$ althoughnotdirectlygeneralizabletoPuertoRico,suggestthattheresultsfromthequestionson &D"% raceandHispanicorigininPuertoRicomeritthescrutinyaffordedbythecurrentstudy. '0#&   ($' 1.40  Whatweretheimpetusandguidelinesforthecurrentstudy?e(#(# ThisstudywasrequestedbytheCensus2000EvaluationsExecutiveSteeringCommitteeofthe = U.S.CensusBureau.Itsgoalwastoexaminethedataresultingfromtheresponsestotherace ) andHispanicoriginquestionsbytheresidentsofPuertoRicoduringCensus2000andto  comparethemwiththoseresultingfromresponsestotheraceandHispanicoriginquestionsby   residentsofthe50statesandD.C..Fivespecificsetsofquestionsweredesignatedtoguidethe   study.  t ! ! 2(#3x=456789:;̀*(#(#*  "43"  43G2#  1  .3  0    HowdidtheresidentsofPuertoRicoanswertheraceandHispanicoriginquestions?  L  Howmanyreportedmorethanonerace?HowdoesthiscomparewiththegeneralU.S.  8  population?43GBG݌$ (#(# Ќ    "43"  43H2#  2  .3  0    HowdidthoseofHispanicorigininPuertoRicoanswertheracequestion?Howmany a  reportedmorethanonerace?ArethereanydifferencesbetweentheselectedHispanic M  origingroups?HowdoesthiscomparewiththepopulationofHispanicorigininthe50 9  statesandD.C.?WiththepopulationofPuertoRicanorigininthe50statesandD.C.?43HH݌%(#(# Ќ    "43"  430K2#  3  .3  0    Whatistheitemnon-responseratefortheraceandHispanicoriginquestions?Arethere  anydifferencesbetweentheselectedHispanicorigingroups?Howdotheseitem  non-responseratescomparewithitemnon-responseratesforthegeneralU.S.population? p ForthepopulationofHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C.?Forthepopulationof \ PuertoRicanorigininthe50statesandD.C.?430K]K݌H(#(# Ќ    "43"  43M2#  4  .3  0    Arethereanydifferencesinitemnon-responsebasedonage,education,andincomeof   householder?43M N݌q (#(# Ќ    "43"  43,O2#  5  .3  0    Whataretheobserveddifferencesinthereportingofracebyresponsemode(individual I orenumeratoradministered)?Whataretheobserveddifferencesinthereportingof 5 Hispanicoriginbyresponsemode?43,OYO݌!(#(# Ќ   =456789:;(x32\F GkXX  2.METHODS !  #XXGktQ#   2.1Whatmethodswereusedtogeneratetheresultsofthisstudy? #" Themethodsusedtogeneratetheresultsofthisstudywererelativelystraightforward.First,alist %X!$ ofanalysestobeperformedwasgeneratedfromthefivesetsofquestionsdesignatedtoguidethe &D"% study.Thislistguidedthepreparationoffrequencyandcross-tabulationtablesfromtheCensus '0#& 2000OneHundredPercentDetailFiles(HDF)forbothPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C..   2      ׀ ($' Fromthesetables,textualdescriptionsofthepatternsinthedataweredevelopedand e summarized. Q Qualityassuranceprocedureswereappliedtothedesign,implementation,analysis,and ) preparationofthisreport.Theproceduresencompassedmethodology,specificationofproject  proceduresandsoftware,computersystemdesignandreview,developmentofclericaland   computerprocedures,anddataanalysisandreportwriting.Adescriptionoftheproceduresused   isprovidedinthe Census2000EvaluationProgramQualityAssuranceProcess.  t 2.2Whatarethelimitationsofthisstudy?  L  BecausethisstudyisthefirsttolookatraceandHispanicorigininPuertoRico,itdoeshave $  limitations.ThelackofanypreviousquantitativemeasuresofraceandHispanicorigininPuerto u  Ricorendersitdifficulttoevaluatethereliabilityofthequestions.Moreover,theabsenceofany a  cognitivestudiesonthequestionsonraceandHispanicorigininPuertoRicopreventsthe M  drawingofanydefinitiveconclusionsaboutwhatledtheresidentsofPuertoRicotoanswerthe 9  waytheydid.Finally,generalquestionsabouttherevisedraceandHispanicoriginquestions % createambiguityovertheextenttowhichtheresponsesofPuertoRicanswereshapedbytheir  understandingoftheirracialidentityasopposedtothewaytheyinterpretedandreactedtothe  questionitself.Consequently,theresultsofthisstudyshouldbeconsideredaninitiallookinto  thematterandshouldbefollowedupbymoreextensiveresearch. p  GkXX  3.RESULTS#XXGk[#  4 \3.10  HowdidthepopulationofPuertoRicorespondtothequestiononHispanicorigin?4(#(# InPuertoRico,anoverwhelming98.8percentofthepopulationidentifiedthemselvesasof q  Hispanicorigin(Table1).   3      ׀Intermsofspecificorigingroups,themajorityidentifiedthemselves ] asofPuertoRicanorigin(95.1percent),withanother1.5percentreportingthemselvesasof I Dominicanorigin,andlessthan1.0percentidentifyingthemselvesaseitherofCuban(0.5)or 5  Mexican(0.3)origin. !! Thisidentificationisverydifferentthaninmakeupofthe50statesandD.C.,where12.5percent "! ofthepopulationidentifiedthemselvesasofHispanicorigin.Ofthese,thegreatmajority #" identifythemselvesasofMexicanorigin(7.3percent),with1.2percentofthepopulation $l # identifyingthemselvesasofPuertoRicanorigin.Note,however,thatalthoughthepercentageof %X!$ thepopulationinthe50statesandD.C.maymakethepopulationofPuertoRicanoriginseem &D"% small,itisalmostaslargeinnumericaltermsasthepopulationinPuertoRicowhoidentify '0#& themselvesasofPuertoRicanorigin(3.4millionvs.3.6millionrespectively). ($' *) ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#, dd ,` dd ,` dd +  )ee )Table1:Census2000HispanicoriginpercentdistributioninPuertoRicoandthe50statesand d D.C. 1 P 1Origin 7&5 7  PuertoRico @/!52 @  50statesandD.C. 0&!52 0Hispanic RHP 33333X@98.833333X@RB( 4 <DL(#B98.8 |rBP3 33333X@98.8 33333X@ )@12.5)@|   @ <( 4 <DLX<12.5 QGBP2 )@12.5 )@ QЀPuertoRican RH5   fffffW@95.1fffffW@R<( 4 <DLX<95.1 {qB5  3 fffffW@95.1 fffffW@ 333333?1.2333333?{<( 4 <DLX<  1.2 PFA5  2 333333?1.2 333333? PЀDominican QG P  ?1.5?Q<( 4 <DLX<1.5 zpA P 3 ?1.5 ? 333333?0.3333333?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.3 PFA P2 333333?0.3 333333? PЀCuban QG5  ?0.5?Q0.5 zpA5 3 ?0.5 ? ?0.4?z  0.4 PFA5 2 ?0.4 ? PЀMexican QGP  333333?0.3333333?Q<( 4 <DLX<0.3 zpAP 3 333333?0.3 333333? 333333@7.3333333@z<( 4 <DLX<  7.3 PFAP 2 333333@7.3 333333@ PЀOtherHispanic QG5  ffffff?1.4ffffff?Q<( 4 <DLX<1.4 zpA5 3 ffffff?1.4 ffffff? ffffff @3.3ffffff @z<( 4 <DLX<  3.3 WFA5 2 ffffff @3.3 ffffff @ WNonHispanic XGP  333333?1.2333333?X<( 4 <DLX<1.2 qAP 3 333333?1.2 333333? U@87.5U@<( 4 <DLX<  87.5 QGBP 2 U@87.5 U@ QTotal SI5  Y@100.0Y@ S<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tC52 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIG53 Y@100.0 Y@  SAnanalysisofthewriteinresponsestothequestiononHispanicoriginbytheresidentsofPuerto ) Ricosupportsthesefindings(Table2).96.1percentoftherespondentstothequestionon   Hispanicoriginutilizedthecheckboxesalone,withonly3.9percentprovidingwritein ! responses.Ofthoseprovidingwriteinresponses,37.6percentsimplymirroredtheinformation " inthecheckboxes(e.g., Mexican, PuertoRican, Cuban,etc.),while52.8percentoffered t# anassociationwithanalternativelocation(e.g.,SpainorelsewhereinLatinAmerica).Not `$ surprisinglyduetotheproximityoftheDominicanRepublictoPuertoRico,themostcommon L% responseofthoseprovidingwriteinresponseswas Dominican. 8&   a) *)d d dd ` dd ` ` dd ` ) (#(#,Qdd ,'dd +  )ee )Table2:TypesofresponsestotheHispanicoriginquestioninPuertoRico 1 d 1Responsetype 7&I 7  Percent 0&!I2 0Checkboxesalone RHd fffffX@96.1fffffX@R96.1 QGBd3 fffffX@96.1 fffffX@ QЀPuertoRicancheckbox RHI   33333sW@93.833333sW@R93.8 QGBI 3 33333sW@93.8 33333sW@ QЀCubancheckbox QG d  ?0.5?Q0.5 PFA d 3 ?0.5 ? PЀMexican,MexicanAm.,Chicanocheckbox QGI    333333?0.3333333?Q0.3 PFAI  3 333333?0.3 333333? PЀOtherSpanish/Hispanic/Latinocheckbox QG d   ?0.4?Q0.4 PFA d 3 ?0.4 ? PЀNotSpanish/Hispanic/Latinocheckbox QGI   ?1.1?Q1.1 W)FAI 3 ?1.1 ? WWriteinresponses X)Gd ) 333333@3.9333333@X3.9 PFAd 3 333333@3.9 333333@) PWriteinresponsesdetail SII  Y@100.0Y@S100.0 RHCI 3 Y@100.0 Y@ RЀMirroredcheckbox(e.g., Mexican, PuertoRican,etc.) RHd B@37.6B@R37.6 QGBd3 B@37.6 B@ QЀMultipleresponse QGI @6.5@Q6.5 PFAI3 @6.5 @ PЀOtherResponse QGd @3.1@Q3.1 W)FAd3 @3.1 @ WЀDetailedHispanicgroups Y)HI) ffffffJ@52.8ffffffJ@Y52.8 QGBI3 ffffffJ@52.8 ffffffJ@) QЀDetailedHispanicgroupsdetail SId Y@100.0Y@S100.0 RHCd3 Y@100.0 Y@ RЀDominican RHI Q@71.4Q@R71.4 QGBI3 Q@71.4 Q@ QЀSouthAmerican(e.g., Argentinian, SouthAmerican,etc.) RHd  333333'@11.6333333'@R11.6 QGBd!3 333333'@11.6 333333'@ QЀSpanish(e.g., Spaniard, Catalonian,etc.) QGI" @5.7@Q5.7 PFAI#3 @5.7 @ PЀCentralAmerican(e.g., CostaRican, CentralAmerican,etc.) QGd$ 333333@4.8333333@Q4.8 PFAd%3 333333@4.8 333333@ PЀNorthAmerican(e.g., MexicanAmericanIndian,Tejano,etc.) QGI!& ?0.1?Q0.1 PFAI!'3 ?0.1 ? PЀGeneraldescriptor(e.g., Latin, LatinAmerican,etc.) QG"d( @6.4@Q6.4QGE"d)3 @6.4  @ Q3.20  HowdidthepopulationofPuertoRicorespondtothequestiononrace?%X!+(#(# BecausetheracequestioninCensus2000permittedindividualstoselectmorethanonerace,it '0#- hasbecomechallengingtopresentthedatainawaythateffectivelycommunicatesthepatternsin ($. thedatawhilehonoringtheidentificationoftherespondents.Onestrategyfordoingthisisto m)%/ presenttwotablesofinformation,eachwhichhasacomplementaryadvantage.Thefirsttable Y*%0 consistsofgroupsofindividualswhoidentifiedthemselvesasofeachracealoneandincludesan E+&1 additionalcategoryofTwoorMoreRaces.Thispresentationhastheadvantageofmutually 1,'2 exclusivecategoriesandcomponentsthatsumtothetotalpopulation,butthedisadvantageof -(3 simplifyingtheresponsesindicated.Thesecondtablecategorizesindividualswhoidentified  .)4 themselvesaseachracealoneorincombinationwithanyotherrace.Whilethispresentation e doesnotallowformutuallyexclusivecategoriesorcomponentsthatsumtothetotalpopulation, Q itdoescaptureeveryonewhoidentifiedwitheachracegroupandpreservesselfidentification. = Together,thesecomplementarytablespresentafairlyfullpictureofthepatternsinthedata. )   3.2.1Responsestotheracequestionusingmutuallyexclusivecategories.   Table3presentstheresponsestotheracequestionbyresidentsofPuertoRicousingmutually  t exclusivecategories.BecausesuchahighpercentageoftheresidentsofPuertoRicoidentify  ` themselvesasofHispanicorigin,thetableisalsostratifiedbyHispanicorigin(Hispanic/Non  L  Hispanic)sothatthepresentationofdatafromthe50statesandD.C.mightbecomparable.  8  Asisdemonstratedbelow,morethan95percentofpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesasof u  HispanicorigininPuertoRicoalsoidentifiedthemselvesasofonerace.Thegreatmajorityof a  thosewhoidentifiedthemselvesasHispanicalsoreportedthemselvesasWhitealone(80.7 M  percent),while7.9percentidentifiedthemselvesasBlackorAfricanAmericanalone,andjust 9  under7percentreportedthemselvesasofSomeOtherRacealone. % Theseresponsesarequitedifferentfromthoseofresidentsofthe50statesandD.C.who  identifiedthemselvesasofHispanicorigin.Whileover90percentidentifiedthemselvesasof  oneracealone,thechoiceofwhichracetoidentifywasquitedifferent.Lessthan50percentof p thosewhoidentifiedthemselvesasofHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C.identified \ themselvesasWhitealoneandjust2.0percentreportedthemselvesasBlackorAfrican H Americanalone,whilemorethan40percentidentifiedthemselvesasofSomeOtherRacealone. 4   ] *})~ddQdd Q'dd ')(#(#,` dd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd +  )ee )Table3:Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininPuertoRicoandthe50 d statesandD.C. * P * l 6)'5 6PuertoRico E)6$5") E50statesandD.C. :)$5") :Race 7)&P 7  ӀHispanic @/!P2) @NonHispanic @)/!P" @  Hispanic @/!P 2) @NonHispanic 0&!P " 0Whitealone T)E5   ,T@80.7,T@T<( 4 <DLX<80.7 |rB5  3 ,T@80.7 ,T@) fffffR@74.1fffffR@|<( 4 <DLX<  74.1 ~)oB5  2 fffffR@74.1 fffffR@ 33333G@47.933333G@~<( 4 <DLX<  47.9 |rB5 2 33333G@47.9 33333G@) fffffS@79.1fffffS@|<( 4 <DLX<  79.1 QGB5 2 fffffS@79.1 fffffS@ QBlackorAfricanAmerican  P alone V)G < @7.9@V<( 4 <DLX<7.9 {qA <3 @7.9 @) &@11.0&@{<( 4 <DLX<  11.0 )qB <2 &@11.0 &@ @2.0@<( 4 <DLX<  2.0 {qA <2 @2.0 @) +@13.8+@{   @ <( 4 <DLX<13.8 QGB <2 +@13.8 +@ QAmericanIndian&Alaska !  Nativealone V)G   333333?0.3333333?V<( 4 <DLX<0.3 zpA  3 333333?0.3 333333?) 333333?1.2333333?z<( 4 <DLX<  1.2 )pA  2 333333?1.2 333333? 333333?1.2333333?<( 4 <DLX<  1.2 zpA  !2 333333?1.2 333333?) ?0.8?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.8 PFA  #2 ?0.8 ? PAsianalone V)G( $ ?0.1?V<( 4 <DLX<0.1 zpA( %3 ?0.1 ?) 333333@6.3333333@z<( 4 <DLX<  6.3 )pA( &2 333333@6.3 333333@ 333333?0.3333333?<( 4 <DLX<  0.3 zpA( '2 333333?0.3 333333?) ffffff@4.1ffffff@z<( 4 <DLX<  4.1 PFA( (2 ffffff@4.1 ffffff@ PNativeHawaiian&Other   ) PacificIslanderalone 5)&* 5<( 4 <DLX<̄ ZP!,3) ?0.8?Z<( 4 <DLX<  0.8 )pA.2 ?0.8 ? ?0.1?  <( 4 <DLX<  0.1 zpA02 ?0.1 ?) ?0.1?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.1 PFA22 ?0.1 ? PSomeOtherRacealone V)Gy3 @6.9@V<( 4 <DLX<6.9 zpAy43 @6.9 @) ?0.8?z  <( 4 <DLX<0.8 )qAy52 ?0.8 ? E@42.2E@<( 4 <DLX<  42.2 {qBy62 E@42.2 E@) ?0.2?{<( 4 <DLX<  0.2 WFAy72 ?0.2 ? WTwoorMoreRaces X)G8 ffffff@4.1ffffff@X<( 4 <DLX<4.1 pA93 ffffff@4.1 ffffff@) 333333@5.8333333@<( 4 <DLX<  5.8 )pA:2 333333@5.8 333333@ 333333@6.3333333@<( 4 <DLX<  6.3 pA;2 333333@6.3 333333@) ffffff?1.9ffffff?<( 4 <DLX<  1.9 PFA<2 ffffff?1.9 ffffff? PTotal X)Iy=  Y@100.0Y@X<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tCy>2 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 )tCy?3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCy@3 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIGyA3 Y@100.0 Y@  S  3.2.2Responsestotheracequestionusingthemultipleracecategories. mC Whenthedataarepresentedbygroupingrespondentswhoidentifiedeachraceeitheraloneorin EE combinationwithanotherrace(Table4),thesamepatternemergesaswhenthedataare 1F presentedbygroupingonlythoserespondentswhoidentifiedeachracealone.Thegreatmajority G oftheresidentsofPuertoRicowhoidentifythemselvesasofHispanicoriginalsoidentified  H themselvesasWhitealoneorincombinationwithanotherrace(80.5percentofallresponses), I withasubstantialminorityidentifyingthemselvesasBlackorAfricanAmericanaloneorin  |J combinationwithanotherrace(10.4percentofallresponses),and8.0percentidentifying !hK themselvesasofSomeOtherRacealoneorincombinationwithanotherrace.Thisisincontrast "TL tothosewhoidentifythemselvesasofHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C.,wheretheyare #@M prettyevenlysplitbetweenthosewhoidentifiedthemselvesasWhitealoneorincombination $, N andSomeOtherRacealoneorincombination.   4       }%!O   i&"P *)d d` dd ` Fdd FFdd FFdd FFdd F})~(#(#,` dd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd +  )ee )Table4:Census2000racealoneorincombinationdistributionoftotalresponsesbyHispanic d origininPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C. * P * l 6)'5 6PuertoRico E)6$5") E50statesandD.C. :)$5") :Race 7)&P 7  ӀHispanic @/!P2) @NonHispanic @)/!P" @  Hispanic @/!P 2) @NonHispanic 0&!P " 0Whitealoneorin 5   combination T)E!    T@80.5 T@T<( 4 <DLX<80.5 |rB! 3  T@80.5  T@) ̌R@74.2̌R@|<( 4 <DLX<  74.2 ~)oB! 2 ̌R@74.2 ̌R@ fffffH@49.8fffffH@~<( 4 <DLX<  49.8 |rB! 2 fffffH@49.8 fffffH@) S@78.9S@|<( 4 <DLX<  78.9 QGB! 2 S@78.9 S@ QBlackorAfricanAmerican  < aloneorincombination W)H (  $@10.4$@W<( 4 <DLX<10.4 |rB ( 3 $@10.4 $@) (@12.4(@|<( 4 <DLX<  12.4 )qB ( 2 (@12.4 (@ ffffff@2.8ffffff@<( 4 <DLX<  2.8 {qA ( 2 ffffff@2.8 ffffff@) 333333,@14.1333333,@{   @ <( 4 <DLX<14.1 QGB ( 2 333333,@14.1 333333,@ QAmericanIndian&Alaska    Nativealoneorin   combination V)G ! ffffff?0.7ffffff?V<( 4 <DLX<0.7 zpA $3 ffffff?0.7 ffffff?) ?1.8?z<( 4 <DLX<  1.8 )pA '2 ?1.8 ? ?1.8?<( 4 <DLX<  1.8 zpA *2 ?1.8 ?) ffffff?1.4ffffff?z<( 4 <DLX<  1.4 PFA -2 ffffff?1.4 ffffff? PAsianaloneorin e. combination V)GQ/ 333333?0.3333333?V<( 4 <DLX<0.3 zpAQ13 333333?0.3 333333?) @7.5@z<( 4 <DLX<  7.5 )pAQ32 @7.5 @ ?0.8?<( 4 <DLX<  0.8 zpAQ52 ?0.8 ?) ffffff@4.6ffffff@z<( 4 <DLX<  4.6 PFAQ72 ffffff@4.6 ffffff@ PNativeHawaiian&Other l8 PacificIslanderaloneorin X9 combination V)GD: ?0.1?V<( 4 <DLX<0.1 zpAD=3 ?0.1 ?) ?1.0?z<( 4 <DLX<  1.0 )pAD@2 ?1.0 ? 333333?0.3333333?  <( 4 <DLX<  0.3 zpADC2 333333?0.3 333333?) 333333?0.3333333?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.3 PFADF2 333333?0.3 333333? PSomeOtherRacealoneor )G incombination V)GH   @8.0 @ V<( 4 <DLX<8.0 zpAJ3  @8.0  @ ) @3.1@ z  <( 4 <DLX<3.1 )qAL2 @3.1 @  @F@44.5@F@ <( 4 <DLX<  44.5 {qBN2 @F@44.5 @F@ ) ffffff?0.7ffffff?{<( 4 <DLX<  0.7QGEP2 ffffff?0.7  ffffff? Q  3.2.3ResponsestotheracequestionbyselectedHispanicorigingroups.  R Tables5aand5bpresenttheresponsestotheracequestionbyselectedHispanicorigingroups |T forbothPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C..Hereweseesomedifferencesbetweenthe hU selectedHispanicorigingroups.InPuertoRico,theresponsesofthoseresidentsidentifying TV themselvesasofPuertoRicanoriginmirrorthoseidentifyingthemselvesasofHispanicoriginin  @W general,withover80percentidentifyingthemselvesasWhitealone,7.6percentasBlackor !,X AfricanAmericanalone,6.6percentasSomeOtherRacealone,and4.0percentidentifying }"Y themselvesasofTwoorMoreRaces.Thesefindingswereexpectedbecausethosewhoidentify i#Z themselvesasofPuertoRicanoriginmakeupaverylargepercentageoftheentireHispanic U$[ origincategory.ResidentsofPuertoRicoidentifyingthemselvesasofMexicanoriginalso A% \ followthispatternveryclosely. -&!] TheotherselectedHispanicorigingroupsanalyzeddisplaysomedistinctivepatterns.Ontheone (#_ hand,justunderonethirdoftheresidentsofPuertoRicowhoidentifiedthemselvesasof ($` DominicanoriginalsoidentifiedthemselvesasWhitealone,withanother30.8percent )x%a identifyingthemselvesasBlackorAfricanAmericanalone,22.1percentasSomeOtherRace *d&b alone,and11.0percentidentifyingthemselvesasofTwoorMoreRaces.Incontrast,93.8 +P'c percentoftheresidentsofPuertoRicowhoidentifiedthemselvesasofCubanoriginalso ,<(d  identifiedthemselvesasWhitealone,withonly2.3percentidentifyingthemselvesasBlackor -()e AfricanAmericanalone,1.9percentasSomeOtherRacealone,and1.6percentasofTwoor e MoreRaces. Q  *)d d` dd ` Fdd FFdd FFdd FFdd F)(#(#, dd ,dd ,edd ,dd ,dd ,edd +  . .Table5a:Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininPuertoRico 6% y   6Race 7)&S  7  PuertoRican @/!S  2) @Dominican @/!S  " @  Cuban @/!S  2 @Mexican @/!S " @Other g  Hispanic 0&!S " 0Whitealone W)H n  YT@81.4YT@W<( 4 <DLX<81.4 |rB n 3 YT@81.4 YT@) @@33.2@@|<( 4 <DLX<  33.2 |rB n 2 @@33.2 @@ 33333sW@93.833333sW@|<( 4 <DLX<  93.8 |rB n 2 33333sW@93.8 33333sW@ yS@77.9yS@|<( 4 <DLX<  77.9 |rB n 2 yS@77.9 yS@ 33333SQ@69.333333SQ@|<( 4 <DLX<  69.3 QGB n 2 33333SQ@69.3 33333SQ@ QBlackorAfricanAmerican S  alone V)G?  ffffff@7.6ffffff@V7.6 {qA? 3 ffffff@7.6 ffffff@) >@30.8>@{  30.8 {qB? 2 >@30.8 >@ ffffff@2.3ffffff@{  2.3 zpA? 2 ffffff@2.3 ffffff@ @6.7@z  6.7 zpA? !2 @6.7 @ !@8.5!@z  8.5 PFA? #2 !@8.5 !@ PAmericanIndian&Alaska Z $ Nativealone V)GF% 333333?0.3333333?V0.3 zpAF'3 333333?0.3 333333?) ffffff?1.4ffffff?z  1.4 zpAF)2 ffffff?1.4 ffffff? ?0.1?z  0.1 zpAF+2 ?0.1 ? ?1.1?z  1.1 zpAF-2 ?1.1 ? ?1.3?z  1.3 PFAF/2 ?1.3 ? PAsianalone V)G+0 ?0.1?V0.1 zpA+13 ?0.1 ?) ?1.5?z  1.5 zpA+22 ?1.5 ? ?0.2?z  0.2 zpA+32 ?0.2 ? 333333?0.6333333?z  0.6 zpA+42 333333?0.6 333333? ?0.4?z  0.4 PFA+52 ?0.4 ? PNativeHawaiian&Other F6 PacificIslanderalone 5)&27 5̄ 9/!293) 9  ̄ ZP!2;2 ?0.2?Z  0.2 zpA2=2 ?0.2 ? 333333?0.3333333?z  0.3 zpA2?2 333333?0.3 333333? 333333?0.3333333?z  0.3 PFA2A2 333333?0.3 333333? PSomeOtherRacealone V)GB ffffff@6.6ffffff@VЀ6.6 {qAC3 ffffff@6.6 ffffff@) 6@22.16@{  22.1 {qBD2 6@22.1 6@ ffffff?1.9ffffff?{  1.9 zpAE2 ffffff?1.9 ffffff? 333333"@9.1333333"@z  9.1 {qAF2 333333"@9.1 333333"@ (@12.4(@{  12.4 XGBG2 (@12.4 (@ XTwoorMoreRaces X)G2H @4.0@X4.0 qA2I3 @4.0 @) &@11.0&@  11.0 qB2J2 &@11.0 &@ ?1.6?  1.6 pA2K2 ?1.6 ? 333333@4.3333333@  4.3 pA2L2 333333@4.3 333333@ 333333@7.8333333@  7.8 PFA2M2 333333@7.8 333333@ PTotal X)IN  Y@100.0Y@ X<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tCO2 Y@100.0 Y@ ) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCP3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCQ3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@ ~100.0 ~tCR3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIGS3 Y@100.0 Y@ SWhentheresponsestotheracequestionbytheresidentsofPuertoRicoinselectedHispanic  U origingroupsarecomparedwiththeresponsesoftherespectivegroupsinthe50statesandD.C., V aninterestingpatterncanbeobserved.Theresponsesdisplaysimilaritiesbothtothoseof ~W residentsofthe50statesandD.C.whoidentifiedthemselvesasofthesameselectedHispanic  jX origingroupandtoresidentsofPuertoRicoidentifyingwiththeotherselectedHispanicorigin !VY groups.Forexample,thoseresidentsofthe50statesandD.C.whoidentifythemselvesasof "BZ PuertoRicanoriginreflecttheoverallpatternofthoseofHispanicoriginintheU.S.inthatthey #.[ aremoreevenlysplitinidentifyingthemselvesasWhitealoneandSomeOtherRacealone,but $ \ theyalsoidentifythemselveslessoftenasBlackorAfricanAmericanaloneasdoresidentsof k%!] PuertoRicowhoidentifythemselvesasPuertoRicanorigin.Similarly,thoseresidentsofthe50 W&!^ statesandD.C.whoidentifythemselvesasofDominicanoriginreflecttheoverallpatternof C'"_ thoseofHispanicoriginintheU.S.inthattheyidentifythemselvesmoreoftenasSomeOther /(#` Racealone,buttheyalsoidentifythemselvesmoreoftenthananyotherHispanicorigingroupas )$a BlackorAfricanAmericanaloneasdoresidentsofPuertoRicowhoidentifythemselvesas *%b Dominicanorigin.ThesameistruefortheotherselectedgroupsbyHispanicorigin.Hence,the *&c responsestotheracequestionseemtoreflectamixofinfluencebetweentherespectiveHispanic +z'd origincategorywithwhichanindividualidentifiesandtheimmediategeographiccontextin ,f(e whichthatindividuallives. -R)f Ї*)d d dd dd edd edd dd edd e)(#(#, dd ,dd ,edd ,dd ,dd ,edd +  7&ee 7Table5b:Census2000racealonedistributionbyHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C. H7)d   HRace @)/!> @  PuertoRican @/!>2) @Dominican @/!>" @  Cuban @/!> 2 @Mexican @/!> " @Other R  Hispanic 9/!> " 9Whitealone `)Q!#  33333G@47.433333G@`<( 4 <DLX<47.4 |rB# 3 33333G@47.4 33333G@) 6@22.66@|<( 4 <DLX<22.6 |rB# 3 6@22.6 6@ fffff&U@84.6fffff&U@|<( 4 <DLX<84.6 |rB# 3 fffff&U@84.6 fffff&U@ fffffG@47.3fffffG@|<( 4 <DLX<47.3 |rB# 3 fffffG@47.3 fffffG@ fffff&G@46.3fffff&G@|<( 4 <DLX<46.3 ZPB# 3 fffff&G@46.3 fffff&G@ ZBlackorAfricanAmerican  > alone _)P! * @6.5@_6.5 zpA *3 @6.5 @) ffffff"@9.2ffffff"@z  9.2 zpA *2 ffffff"@9.2 ffffff"@ ffffff@3.8ffffff@z  3.8 zpA *2 ffffff@3.8 ffffff@ ?0.8?z  0.8 zpA *2 ?0.8 ? ffffff@2.3ffffff@z  2.3 YOA *2 ffffff@2.3 ffffff@ YAmericanIndian&Alaska   Nativealone _)P! ! 333333?0.6333333?_0.6 zpA #3 333333?0.6 333333?) ?0.8?z  0.8 zpA %2 ?0.8 ? ?0.1?z  0.1 zpA '2 ?0.1 ? ?1.3?z  1.3 zpA )2 ?1.3 ? ?1.3?z  1.3 YOA +2 ?1.3 ? YAsianalone _)P!{ , ?0.5?_0.5 zpA{ -3 ?0.5 ?) ?0.2?z  0.2 zpA{ .2 ?0.2 ? 333333?0.3333333?z  0.3 zpA{ /2 333333?0.3 333333? 333333?0.3333333?z  0.3 zpA{ 02 333333?0.3 333333? ?0.5?z  0.5 YOA{ 12 ?0.5 ? YNativeHawaiian&Other  2 PacificIslanderalone _)P!3 333333?0.3333333?_0.3 zpA53 333333?0.3 333333?) ?0.1?z  0.1 zpA72 ?0.1 ? ?0.2?z  0.2 zpA92 ?0.2 ? ?0.1?z  0.1 zpA;2 ?0.1 ? ?0.2?z  0.2 YOA=2 ?0.2 ? YSomeOtherRacealone `)Q!g> fffffB@37.3fffffB@`37.3 |rBg?3 fffffB@37.3 fffffB@)  M@58.1 M@|  58.1 {qBg@2  M@58.1  M@ @7.2@{  7.2 {qAgA2 @7.2 @ F@45.2F@{  45.2 |rBgB2 F@45.2 F@ LD@40.6LD@|  40.6 aPBgC2 LD@40.6 LD@ aTwoorMoreRaces a)P!D @7.4@a7.4 pAE3 @7.4 @) "@9.0"@  9.0 pAF2 "@9.0 "@ ffffff@3.8ffffff@  3.8 pAG2 ffffff@3.8 ffffff@ @5.0@  5.0 pAH2 @5.0 @ !@8.8!@  8.8 YOAI2 !@8.8 !@  YTotal a)R!gJ  Y@100.0Y@ a<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tCgK2 Y@100.0 Y@ ) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCgL3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCgM3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@ ~100.0 ~tCgN3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIGgO3 Y@100.0 Y@ S  3.2.4Thewriteinresponsestotheracequestion. [Q AswiththequestiononHispanicorigin,thewriteinresponsestotheracequestionbothof 3S residentsofPuertoRicowhoidentifythemselvesasofHispanicorigintakenasawhole(Table T 6)andoftheresidentsofPuertoRicodividedbytheiridentificationwiththeselectedHispanic  U origingroups(resultsnotshown)providegeneralsupportforthefindingsreportedabove.Of V almost4milliontotalresponsestotheracequestion,morethan90percentconsistedofmarksin ~W thecheckboxesalone.Oftheseresponses,almostallconsistedofmarksinWhitecheckbox  jX (79.6percent)and/ortheBlackorAfricanAmericancheckbox(10.1percent).Incontrast,only !VY 0.3percentofresponsesconsistedofjustmarksintheSomeOtherRacecheckbox. "BZ Examiningthewriteinresponsesthemselves,82.8percentoftheapproximately365,000 $ \ responseswereinthespaceprovidedtospecifytheSomeOtherRaceresponse.Interestingly, k%!] almosttwothirdsoftheseconsistedofindividualsprovidingresponsesinwhichtheyidentified W&!^ theirHispanicoriginandnottheirrace.Thesamepatterncanbeobservedwhenlookingatthe C'"_ datastratifiedbytheselectedHispanicorigingroups. /(#`   *%b *)d d dd dd edd edd dd edd e)(#(#,^dd ,dd +  )ee )Table6:TypesofCensus2000responsestotheracequestioninPuertoRico 1 d 1Responsetype 7&I 7  Percent 0&!I2 0Checkboxresponses RHd 33333V@90.833333V@R90.8 QGBd3 33333V@90.8 33333V@ QЀWhite RHI   fffffS@79.6fffffS@R79.6 QGBI 3 fffffS@79.6 fffffS@ QЀBlackorAfricanAmerican RH d  333333$@10.1333333$@R10.1 QGB d 3 333333$@10.1 333333$@ QЀSomeOtherRace QGI    333333?0.3333333?Q0.3 PFAI  3 333333?0.3 333333? PЀOther(e.g., NativeAmericanIndianorAlaskaNative, Asian,etc.) QG d   ?0.8?Q0.8 W)FA d 3 ?0.8 ? WWriteinresponses X)GI ) ffffff"@9.2ffffff"@X9.2 PFAI 3 ffffff"@9.2 ffffff"@) PWriteindetail SId  Y@100.0Y@S100.0 RHCd 3 Y@100.0 Y@ RЀWhite(e.g., White, Arab, English,etc.) QGI  ffffff!@8.7ffffff!@Q8.7 PFAI 3 ffffff!@8.7 ffffff!@ PЀBlackorAfricanAmerican(e.g., Black, African, Negro,etc.) QGd 333333@3.9333333@Q3.9 PFAd3 333333@3.9 333333@ PЀNativeAmericanIndianorAlaskaNative( AmericanIndian, I Ѐ SouthAmericanIndian,etc.) QG5 @2.7@Q2.7 PFAI3 @2.7 @ PЀGeneralresponse(e.g.,NativeAmerican) QGP @2.5@Q2.5 PFAP3 @2.5 @ PЀSpecificTribe( SantoDomingo, TohonoO'Odham,etc.) QG5 ?0.2?Q0.2 PFA53 ?0.2 ? PЀAsian QGP ?1.8?Q1.8 PFAP3 ?1.8 ? PЀNativeHawaiianandOtherPacificIslander QG5 ?0.1?Q0.1 W)FA5 3 ?0.1 ? WЀSomeOtherRace Y)HP!) 33333T@82.833333T@Y82.8 QGBP"3 33333T@82.8 33333T@) QЀSomeOtherRacedetail SI5# Y@100.0Y@S100.0 RHC5$3 Y@100.0 Y@ RЀHispanicoriginanswer(e.g., Hispanic, PuertoRican,etc.) RH P% fffffO@63.8fffffO@R63.8 QGB P&3 fffffO@63.8 fffffO@ QЀColorresponse(e.g., Moreno," Brown,etc.) RH5"' fffff?@31.9fffff?@R31.9 QGB5"(3 fffff?@31.9 fffff?@ QЀMixedraceresponse(e.g., Mixed, Mulatto, Multiracial,etc.) QG#P) ?1.8?Q1.8 PFA#P*3 ?1.8 ? PЀOther(e.g., Creole, Indian,etc.) QG5% + @2.5@Q2.5QGE5% ,3 @2.5  @ Q  )(#. 3.30  WhataretheitemnonresponseratesfortheHispanicoriginquestion?e(#(# Ingeneral,itemnonresponse(includinginvalidresponses)forquestionsonaCensusisone = typicalindicatorofhowwellaquestionhasbeenreceivedandhandledbytherespondents. ) Typicallythisismeasuredbythenumberofresponsesthatneedtobegeneratedbytheeditand  allocationprocessduringCensusprocessing.AsTable7shows,theitemnonresponseratein   PuertoRicofortheHispanicoriginquestionwasnotunreasonable,beingunder5percentand   almosthalfoftherateforthecomparablegroupinthe50statesandD.C..Intermsofthe  t selectedHispanicorigingroups,alloftheratesofthosewhoidentifiedthemselvesassomething  ` otherthanofPuertoRicanoriginwerehigherthantheaverage.   5        L  *)dd^dd ^dd )(#(#, dd ,` dd ,` dd +  )$ $  )Table7:PercentofresponsestotheHispanicoriginquestionresultingfromtheeditand   allocationprocessbyHispanicorigintypeinPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C. 1 t  1Origin 7&Y  7  PuertoRico @/!Y 2 @  50statesandD.C. 0&!Y 2 0Hispanic QGt ffffff@4.6ffffff@Q<( 4 <DLX<4.6 zpAt3 ffffff@4.6 ffffff@ ffffff"@9.2ffffff"@z  <( 4 <DLX<9.2 PFAt2 ffffff"@9.2 ffffff"@ PЀPuertoRican QGY @4.2@Q<( 4 <DLX<4.2 zpAY3 @4.2 @ 333333@6.8333333@z<( 4 <DLX<  6.8 PFAY2 333333@6.8 333333@ PЀDominican QGt @7.9@Q<( 4 <DLX<7.9 zpAt3 @7.9 @ 333333!@8.6333333!@z<( 4 <DLX<  8.6 PFAt2 333333!@8.6 333333!@ PЀCuban QGY @4.9@Q4.9 zpAY3 @4.9 @ @6.9@z  6.9 PFAY2 @6.9 @ PЀMexican QGt @5.4@Q<( 4 <DLX<5.4 zpAt3 @5.4 @ @6.7@z<( 4 <DLX<  6.7 PFAt2 @6.7 @ PЀOtherHispanic RHY  fffff:@26.9fffff:@R<( 4 <DLX<26.9 |rBY!3 fffff:@26.9 fffff:@ /@15.9/@|<( 4 <DLX<  15.9 XGBY"2 /@15.9 /@ XNonHispanic YHt# &@11.3&@Y<( 4 <DLX<11.3 qBt$3 &@11.3 &@ @5.5@<( 4 <DLX<  5.5 PFAt%2 @5.5 @ PTotal QGY&  @4.7@ Q<( 4 <DLX<  4.7 zpAY'2 @4.7 @  @6.0@ z<( 4 <DLX<6.0QGEY(3 @6.0 @  Q3.40  Whataretheitemnonresponseratesfortheracequestion?M *(#(# Table8showstheitemnonresponseratesinPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C.fortherace %", question.AswiththeratesfortheHispanicoriginquestion,therateforthoseofHispanicorigin #- inPuertoRicoisnotunreasonable,beingalmosttwothirdslessthantherateforthecomparable #. groupinthe50statesandD.C..IntermsoftheselectedHispanicorigingroups,theratesof $ /  thosewhoidentifiedthemselvesasofDominican,Mexican,orOtherHispanicoriginwerehigher %p!0 thantheaverage,whiletherateofthosewhoidentifiedthemselvesasCubanwaslowerthanthe e averageandevenlowerthanfortheHispanicoriginquestion(4.6percent). Q  *|)d d dd ` dd ` ` dd ` )(#(#, dd ,` dd ,` dd +  ) )Table8:Percentofresponsestotheracequestionresultingfromtheeditandallocation y processbyHispanicorigininPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C. 1 e  1Origin 7&  7  PuertoRico @/! 2 @  50statesandD.C. 0&!  2 0Hispanic QGe   @6.2@Q<( 4 <DLX<6.2 {qAe  3 @6.2 @ 3333332@18.23333332@{  <( 4 <DLX<18.2 QGBe  2 3333332@18.2 3333332@ QЀPuertoRican QG  ffffff@6.1ffffff@Q<( 4 <DLX<6.1 {qA 3 ffffff@6.1 ffffff@ 5@21.05@{<( 4 <DLX<  21.0 QGB 2 5@21.0 5@ QЀDominican QGe  #@9.5#@Q<( 4 <DLX<9.5 {qAe 3 #@9.5 #@ 3@19.53@{<( 4 <DLX<  19.5 QGBe 2 3@19.5 3@ QЀCuban QG  ffffff@4.6ffffff@Q4.6 zpA 3 ffffff@4.6 ffffff@ @7.9@z  7.9 PFA 2 @7.9 @ PЀMexican QGe !@8.5!@Q<( 4 <DLX<8.5 {qAe3 !@8.5 !@ 2@18.52@{<( 4 <DLX<  18.5 QGBe2 2@18.5 2@ QЀOtherHispanic QG "@9.0"@Q<( 4 <DLX<9.0 {qA3 "@9.0 "@ 1@17.81@{<( 4 <DLX<  17.8 XGB2 1@17.8 1@ XNonHispanic XGe @7.7@X<( 4 <DLX<7.7 pAe3 @7.7 @ 333333 @3.4333333 @<( 4 <DLX<  3.4 PFAe2 333333 @3.4 333333 @ PTotal QG  333333@6.3333333@ Q<( 4 <DLX<  6.3 zpA 2 333333@6.3 333333@  333333@5.3333333@ z<( 4 <DLX<5.3QGE!3 333333@5.3 333333@  Q3.50  Doestheresponsemode(RespondentorEnumeratorsupplied)affecttheresponsestothe t# raceandHispanicoriginquestions?`$(#(# Anothertypicalindicatorofhowwellaquestionhasbeenreceivedandhandledbyrespondents 8& istheconsistencybetweentheresponsesreceivedwhenanindividualfillsoutaquestionnaire $' andthosereceivedwhenanenumeratordoesso.Presumably,enumeratorsaretrainedregarding u( theintentionofthequestionsandexperiencedinprovidingresponses,sotheirresponsesshould a) bemoreaccurate(albeitmorecostly). M * IntheexaminationoftheresponsestotheHispanicoriginquestion,thereareonlyslight %", differencesintheresponsesgivenbyrespondentsindependentlyasopposedtoduringfaceto #- faceinterviews(Table9).Becausethedatapresentedabovepointtoahigherlikelihoodthatthe #. Hispanicoriginquestionismorereliablethanistheracequestion,anydifferencesmaybedue $ / simplytothelikelihoodofeachgrouptoreturntheirform(e.g.,asopposedtoaspecificbiasin %p!0 reporting). &\"1   'H#2 *)d d dd ` dd ` ` dd ` |)(#(#,` dd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd +  )ee )Table9:Census2000HispanicorigindistributionbyResponseMode(Respondentor d EnumeratorSupplied)inPuertoRicoandthe50statesandD.C. * P * l 6)'5 6PuertoRico E)6$5") E50statesandD.C. :)$5") :Race 7)&P 7  ӀRespondent @/!P2) @Enumerator @)/!P" @  Respondent @/!P 2) @Enumerator 0&!P " 0Hispanic T)E5   33333X@98.833333X@T<( 4 <DLX<98.8 |rB5  3 33333X@98.8 33333X@) 33333X@98.833333X@|<( 4 <DLX<  98.8 ~)oB5  2 33333X@98.8 33333X@ &@11.0&@~<( 4 <DLX<  11.0 |rB5 2 &@11.0 &@) 0@16.80@|<( 4 <DLX<  16.8 QGB5 2 0@16.8 0@ QЀPuertoRican W)H P W@95.5W@W<( 4 <DLX<95.5 |rB P3 W@95.5 W@) 33333W@94.833333W@|<( 4 <DLX<  94.8 )qB P2 33333W@94.8 33333W@ ?1.1?<( 4 <DLX<  1.1 zpA P2 ?1.1 ?) ?1.6?z  <( 4 <DLX<1.6 PFA P2 ?1.6 ? PЀDominican V)G5  ?1.0?V<( 4 <DLX<1.0 zpA5 3 ?1.0 ?) @2.1@z<( 4 <DLX<  2.1 )pA5 2 @2.1 @ ?0.2?<( 4 <DLX<  0.2 zpA5 2 ?0.2 ?) 333333?0.3333333?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.3 PFA5 2 333333?0.3 333333? PЀCuban V)GP  333333?0.6333333?V<( 4 <DLX<0.6 zpAP 3 333333?0.6 333333?) ?0.4?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.4 )pAP 2 ?0.4 ? ?0.5?<( 4 <DLX<  0.5 zpAP 2 ?0.5 ?) ?0.4?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.4 PFAP 2 ?0.4 ? PЀMexican V)G5  ?0.2?V<( 4 <DLX<0.2 zpA5 3 ?0.2 ?) ?0.5?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.5 )pA5 !2 ?0.5 ? ffffff@6.1ffffff@<( 4 <DLX<  6.1 {qA5 "2 ffffff@6.1 ffffff@) &@11.0&@{<( 4 <DLX<  11.0 QGB5 #2 &@11.0 &@ QЀOtherHispanic V)GP $ ?1.5?V<( 4 <DLX<1.5 zpAP %3 ?1.5 ?) ?1.0?z  <( 4 <DLX<1.0 )pAP &2 ?1.0 ? @3.1@<( 4 <DLX<  3.1 zpAP '2 @3.1 @)  @3.5 @z<( 4 <DLX<  3.5 WFAP (2  @3.5  @ WNonHispanic X)G5) 333333?1.2333333?X<( 4 <DLX<1.2 pA5*3 333333?1.2 333333?) 333333?1.2333333?<( 4 <DLX<  1.2 )qA5+2 333333?1.2 333333? @V@89.0@V@<( 4 <DLX<  89.0 rB5,2 @V@89.0 @V@) T@83.2T@<( 4 <DLX<  83.2 QGB5-2 T@83.2 T@ QTotal X)IP.  Y@100.0Y@X<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tCP/2 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 )tCP03 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tCP13 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIGP23 Y@100.0 Y@  SInthecaseoftheracequestion,thedataagainshowthattherearesmalldifferencesinthe X3 responsesprovidedbyindividualsdependingonwhetherornottheywereobtainedbyan D4 enumerator(Table10).Duringinterviews,thoseofHispanicorigintendedtogiveaWhitealone 05 orBlackorAfricanAmericanaloneresponselessfrequently,whilegivingaSomeOtherRace 6 aloneorTwoorMoreRacesresponsemorefrequently.Similarly,thoseofbothHispanicand m7 PuertoRicanorigininthe50statesandD.C.,alsogavetheWhitealoneresponselessfrequently Y8 andtheSomeotherracealoneresponsemorefrequentlyduringinterviews.However,incontrast E9 tothoseofHispanicorigininPuertoRico,thoseofbothHispanicandPuertoRicanoriginsinthe 1: 50statesandD.C.gavetheBlackorAfricanAmericanaloneresponsemorefrequentlyandthe ; TwoorMoreRaceslessfrequentlyduringinterviewsthanwhenrespondingindependently.  < _  = TRO'3Letter LandscapeX3' Letter'3Letter Landscape Anothertypicalindicatorofhow3'LetterT8XXdXXd8*)d d` dd ` Fdd FFdd FFdd FFdd F)..,5dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  )ee )Table10:Census2000racealonedistributionbyResponseMode(RespondentorEnumeratorSupplied)ofThoseofHispanic d origininPuertoRicoandthoseofHispanicoriginandPuertoRicanorigininthe50statesandD.C. * R * l 6)'9 6ThoseofHispanicOrigin ' inPuertoRico E)6$ ") EThoseofHispanicorigin ' inthe50statesandD.C. E)6$  ") EThoseofPuertoRican 9  origininthe '  50statesandD.C. :)$  ") :{[C3/l|X}} ` EX}}X}{Race 7)& 2  7  Respondent @/! 22) @Enumerator @)/! 2" @  Respondent @/! 22) @Enumerator @)/! 2" @  Respondent @/! 22) @Enumerator 0&! 2" 0Whitealone T)E  T@83.0T@T<( 4 <DLX<83.0 |rB 3 T@83.0 T@) fffffFS@77.1fffffFS@|<( 4 <DLX<  77.1 \)MB 2 fffffFS@77.1 fffffFS@ \<( 4 <DLX<  49.2 [Q! 2) F@45.7F@[<( 4 <DLX<  45.7 ~)oB 2 F@45.7 F@ 333333I@50.4333333I@~50.4 |rB 3 333333I@50.4 333333I@) D@41.7D@|<( 4 <DLX<41.7 QGB 3 D@41.7 D@ QBlackorAfricanAmericanalone V)G 6   @8.3 @V<( 4 <DLX<8.3 zpA 6 3  @8.3  @) ffffff@7.1ffffff@z<( 4 <DLX<  7.1 )pA 6 2 ffffff@7.1 ffffff@ @2.0@<( 4 <DLX<  2.0 zpA 6 2 @2.0 @) @2.1@z  <( 4 <DLX<2.1 )pA 6 2 @2.1 @ ffffff@6.1ffffff@<( 4 <DLX<6.1 zpA 6 3 ffffff@6.1 ffffff@) 333333@7.3333333@z<( 4 <DLX<7.3 PFA 6 !3 333333@7.3 333333@ PAmericanIndian&AlaskaNativealone V)G " ?0.5?V<( 4 <DLX<0.5 zpA #3 ?0.5 ?) ?0.1?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.1 )pA $2 ?0.1 ? ?1.3?<( 4 <DLX<  1.3 zpA %2 ?1.3 ?) ?0.8?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.8 )pA &2 ?0.8 ? ffffff?0.7ffffff?<( 4 <DLX<0.7 zpA '3 ffffff?0.7 ffffff?) ?0.4?z<( 4 <DLX<0.4 PFA (3 ?0.4 ? PAsianalone V)G: ) ?0.1?V<( 4 <DLX<0.1 zpA: *3 ?0.1 ?) ?0.2?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.2 )pA: +2 ?0.2 ? ?0.4?<( 4 <DLX<  0.4 zpA: ,2 ?0.4 ?) 333333?0.3333333?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.3 )pA: -2 333333?0.3 333333? ?0.5?<( 4 <DLX<0.5 zpA: .3 ?0.5 ?) ?0.5?z<( 4 <DLX<0.5 PFA: /3 ?0.5 ? PNativeHawaiian&OtherPacificIslander ! 0 alone 5)&1 5<( 4 <DLX<̄ 9/!33) 9<( 4 <DLX<  ̄ _)P!52 ?0.1?_  <( 4 <DLX<  0.1 zpA72 ?0.1 ?) ?0.1?z<( 4 <DLX<  0.1 )pA92 ?0.1 ? ?0.2?<( 4 <DLX<0.2 zpA;3 ?0.2 ?) 333333?0.3333333?z<( 4 <DLX<0.3 PFA=3 333333?0.3 333333? PSomeOtherRacealone V)G,> @4.7@V<( 4 <DLX<4.7 {qA,?3 @4.7 @) $@10.3$@{  <( 4 <DLX<10.3 )rB,@2 $@10.3 $@ D@40.0D@<( 4 <DLX<  40.0 |rB,A2 D@40.0 D@)  G@46.1 G@|<( 4 <DLX<  46.1 )rB,B2  G@46.1  G@ LA@34.6LA@<( 4 <DLX<34.6 |rB,C3 LA@34.6 LA@) @E@42.5@E@|<( 4 <DLX<42.5 XGB,D3 @E@42.5 @E@ XTwoorMoreRaces X)GE 333333 @3.4333333 @X<( 4 <DLX<3.4 pAF3 333333 @3.4 333333 @) @5.2@<( 4 <DLX<  5.2 )pAG2 @5.2 @ @7.0@<( 4 <DLX<  7.0 pAH2 @7.0 @) @4.9@<( 4 <DLX<  4.9 )pAI2 @4.9 @ @7.5@<( 4 <DLX<7.5 pAJ3 @7.5 @) 333333@7.3333333@<( 4 <DLX<7.3 PFAK3 333333@7.3 333333@ PTotal X)I0L  Y@100.0Y@X<( 4 <DLX<  100.0 ~tC0M2 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 )tC0N3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tC0O3 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0 )tC0P3 Y@100.0 Y@  Y@100.0Y@<( 4 <DLX<100.0 ~tC0Q3 Y@100.0 Y@) Y@100.0Y@ ~<( 4 <DLX<100.0SIG0R3 Y@100.0 Y@  S  NR TRX3'LetterO'3Letter Landscape3'LetterX<1.2 pA5*3 '3Letter Landscape AnothertypicalindicatorofhowT GkXX  8XXdXXd84.RECOMMENDATIONS#XXGk# e $ ThisanalysishasshownthattheresidentsofPuertoRicoidentifiedthemselvesas Q overwhelminglyofHispanicoriginandofasinglerace.Intermsofrace,thegreatmajority = identifiedthemselvesasWhite,withasubstantialminorityreportingthemselvesasBlackor )  AfricanAmerican.WhencomparedwiththoseofHispanicorigininthe50statesandD.C.,   somewhatfewerresidentsofPuertoRicoreportedthemselvestobeofSomeOtherRace,anda   lowerpercentageidentifiedthemselvesasofTwoorMoreRaces.Theanalysisalsoshowsthat   twotypicalindicatorsofproblematicquestions,itemnonresponseanddifferencesbetween  t  individualandenumeratorcompletedquestionnaires,didnotindicatemajorproblemswitheither  `  question. L  Itissomewhatdifficulttoofferrecommendationsonthebasisoftheanalysisinthisreport $  becauseitsfindingsaremoredescriptivethanevaluative.Nevertheless,threestrategiesthatflow u  fromthisanalysismayleadtoimprovementsinthedataonraceandHispanicorigininPuerto a  Rico: M '4 XX'  "43"  4323  0 4   IncludePuertoRicointhecognitivetestingoreffortstofieldtestdifferentversions % andformatsofquestionsandquestionnairesthatarecurrentlyunderwayforthe2010  census.43<݌4(#4(# Ќ    "43"  4323  0 4   Investigatefurthertheuseofthe SomeOtherRacecategoryoftheracequestionto p assurethattherangeofresponsesexcludesthosethatbetterfittheHispanicorigin \ question.43݌ H4(#4(# Ќ  _ GkXX  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS#XXGk[#  e   Theauthorofthisreportwouldliketothankthefollowingpeoplefortheirassistanceandsupport Q inthepreparationofthisreport: = LeaAuman   LisaBlumerman   JorgedelPinal   SigneWetrogan  t  JanetWysocki  `    8   GkXX  REFERENCES #XXGkQ# e pDavis,DianaK.,JohnnyBlair,HowardFleischman,&MargaretBoone(1998a).Cognitive e InterviewsontheRaceandHispanicoriginQuestionsontheCensus2000DressRehearsal Q Form.,(Arlington,VA:DevelopmentAssociates,Inc.) = Davis,DianaK.,JohnnyBlair,NancyGoudreau,MargaretBoone,LorettaJohnston,and   EliodoroRobles(1998b).ResearchonRaceandHispanicoriginforCensus2000:Executive   Summary.(Arlington,VA:DevelopmentAssociates)   Gerber,Eleanor,andManueldelaPuente(1998).Race,IdentityandNewQuestionOptions:  `  FinalReportofCognitiveResearchonRaceandEthnicity.(Washington,D.C.:U.S.Bureauof L  theCensus) 8  Harrison,Roderick,ManueldelaPuente,andClaudetteBennett(1996).FindingsonQuestions u  onRaceandHispanicoriginTestedinthe1996NationalContentSurvey.PopulationDivision a  WorkingPaperNo.16.(Washington,D.C.:U.S.BureauoftheCensus) M   % TRO'3Letter LandscapeX3'Letter'3Letter Landscape  `    8  3'LetterX<1.2 pA5*3 TGkXX a {[C3/l|X}} ` EX}}X}{AppendixA#XXGk#:Census2000RaceandHispanicOriginNumericDistributioninPuertoRicoandthe50StatesandD.C. e *)d d6dd 5dd dd dd dd dd dd )..,'dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  0))YY 06 XX @)/!X)) @Total @)/!X3) @WhiteAlone @)/!X3) @Blackor X African   American M   Alone @)/!  3) @American X  Indianor    AlaskaNative M   Alone @)/! 3) @AsianAlone @)/!X3) @Native X Hawaiianand   OtherPacific M  Islanderalone @)/! 3) @Someother X racealone @)/! 3) @Twoormore X races G)4! 3) ,GPuertoRico 9/!q ) 9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 9/!q  9 L)9&q   ,  ,LAllResidents dZ! 8!) MA3808610PMAd3,808,610 K 8"3P MA3808610 MA bGA3064862PbGA3,064,862 K 8#3P bGA3064862 bGA T}A302933PT}A302,933 J 8$3P T}A302933 T}A  @13336P @13,336 I 8%3P  @13336  @ @7960P@7,960 ~H 8&3P @7960 @ @1093P@1,093 H 8'3P @1093 @ XA260011PXA260,011 J 8(3P XA260011 XA xVA158415PxVA158,415 u)bO 8)3P xVA158415 , xVA ,uЀHispanic dZ! d *) LA3762746PLAd3,762,746 K d +3P LA3762746 LA GA3030896PGA3,030,896 K d ,3P GA3030896 GA 4.A297869P4.A297,869 J d -3P 4.A297869 4.A @12773P@12,773 I d .3P @12773 @ ݳ@5085Pݳ@5,085 }H d /3P ݳ@5085 ݳ@ @728P@728 G d 03P @728 @ PA259626PPA259,626 J d 13P PA259626 PA A155769PA155,769 u)bO d 23P A155769 , A ,uЀPuertoRican dZ! 3) KA3623392PKAd3,623,392 K 43P KA3623392 KA 0FA2948704P0FA2,948,704 K 53P 0FA2948704 0FA dA274969PdA274,969 J 63P dA274969 dA @11156P@11,156 I 73P @11156 @ ʮ@3941Pʮ@3,941 }H 83P ʮ@3941 ʮ@ @512P@512 G 93P @512 @ 8 A239388P8 A239,388 J :3P 8 A239388 8 A A144722PA144,722 u)bO ;3P A144722 , A ,uЀDominican bX!! <) @j@56146P@j@b56,146 I! =3P @j@56146 @j@ 7@18655P7@18,655 I! >3P 7@18655 7@ @@17273P@@17,273 ~I! ?3P @@17273 @@ @792P@792 |G! @3P @792 @ @849P@849 {G! A3P @849 @  0@16P0@16 }F! B3P  0@16 0@ 3@12390P3@12,390 I! C3P 3@12390 3@ @6171P@6,171 s)`M! 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