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Ar?@@A AmBC A,CfC ACaDfD ADf?EaAE"UEawEfEfEfEaEfEaEfEaEfEaEfEaEfEaEfFaFf)Fa+Ff?FaAFfUFaWFfkFamFfFaFfFaFfFaFfFaFfFaFaFfGaGfGaGr/GaGfGaGfGaGfGaGfGaGf HaHf#Ha%Hf9Ha;HfOHaQHfeHagHf{Ha}HfHaHfHaHfHaHfHaHfHaHfHaIfIaI+I AAIfIaPJ AdJ A K AK A_L AMMfMaM AM ANf/Of1O AO"@PfbPadPfxPazP@P APaMQfaQacQfwQayQfQaQfQfQaQoOQfLaNfbadfxazfafaa"Ρfaa AfâaŢ C٢p 1iƂU$</kf^  m A 0@g A iQPafaυ?rUNUfaɊɊ i݊ffbȋȋދt"!"Ce"fafϓaѓUN 0L3fafa} B6ۯ(ʳ 72NϺ\\CENSUS\PRED-TR2-2-HP8000-3.PRED.DECENNIAL.HQ.CENSUS0(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($-HdddBBr3|x(9 Z(Times New Roman ($$  0  (3$ !    0  .((3$ !      0  (#$  0  TABLE A(;3$2#  0  .3  0  H0%4heading 1heading 1&            '  H0%4heading 2heading 2&            '  P!8Body Text 2Body Text 2          $35;AGMSY_11)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)\  `*Times New RomanTT3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)H4Body TextBody Text  XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW        XXXW\  `*Times New RomanTTW'dxd Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5(2C$ !  ($    A<< cTable_A(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (# d($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#2#     )3  0p(#p(#  !#$%&xBGaeimquy}Bullet ListBullets List(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular0> .Header !>44 <DL!>\  `&Times New Roman\  `Times%2A`Arial12WPC..!.< .1   &xt & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 10phTimes New Roman- 2 ih30@@Times New Roman- 2 wSg|@Symbol- 2 =& MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 ==S h & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryF`#ؕOle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q": .1   &xt & MathType BOlePartOlePres000tEquation Native hTimes New Roman- 2 10phTimes New Roman- 2 ih30@@Times New Roman- 2 wSg|@Symbol- 2 =& MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 ==S h & L"System-@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 ==S h METAFILEPICTB" .1   &xt & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 10phTimes New Roman- 2 ih30@@Times New Roman- 2 wSg|@Symbol- 2 =& MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 ==S h & L"System-45WPC. . !.  .1   &x t & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryF`!ؕOle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q" .1   &x t & MathType BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native DhTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-(@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 METAFILEPICT" .1   &x t & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-78WPC.%.%!.%j 4.1  @ &x & MathType` "-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ>  Root EntryF[ؕ Ole CompObjiObjInfo  !"#$%&')*+,-. FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qog h 4.1  @ &x & MathType` "BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native (-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-p@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , METAFILEPICTopog  4.1  @ &x & MathType` "-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-:;WPC."."!."V .1  @ &M  & MathType #"-pp hTimes New Roman- 2 10 @Times New Roman- 2 ,UhTimes New Roman- 2 h0hTimes New Roman- 2 i0/hTimes New Roman- 2 h0f@Times New Roman- 2 S @@Times New Roman- 2 wB@Times New Roman- 2 T |@Symbol- 2 =&2MathTypeUU&DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 == S h T h , &  "-"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryFP~Ole CompObjiObjInfo  ! FMathType 5.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q T .1  @ &M  & MathType #"BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native D-pp hTimes New Roman- 2 10 @Times New Roman- 2 ,UhTimes New Roman- 2 h0hTimes New Roman- 2 i0/hTimes New Roman- 2 h0f@Times New Roman- 2 S @@Times New Roman- 2 wB@Times New Roman- 2 T |@Symbol- 2 =&2MathTypeUU&DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 == S h T h , &  "-"System-(zhzDSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 == S h T h , E METAFILEPICT \  .1  @ &M  & MathType #"-pp hTimes New Roman- 2 10 @Times New Roman- 2 ,UhTimes New Roman- 2 h0hTimes New Roman- 2 i0/hTimes New Roman- 2 h0f@Times New Roman- 2 S @@Times New Roman- 2 wB@Times New Roman- 2 T |@Symbol- 2 =&2MathTypeUU&DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 == S h T h , &  "-"System-=>WPC".".!".r 8x.1  `&x@ & MathType jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 Tx&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryFDOle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qp 8x.1  `&x@ & MathType BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 Tx&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h & L"System-@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h  METAFILEPICTHx 8x.1  `&x@ & MathType jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 Tx&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h & L"System-('    \\R3' Letter\&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK""""'dxdTABLE A(hH  Z 6Times New Roman Regular'"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular'"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular2k0Level 1  P   XXXQK\  `$Times NewRomanQ     G=` hp x (#%'0*,.G'"  Z 6Times New Roman Regular&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKKTABLE B   9 TABLE BTABLE DD"-%TABLE BZ[WPC.%.%!.%j 4.1  @ &x & MathType` "-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker Equation.DSMT4ࡱ>  Root EntryFq2ڕ Ole CompObjiObjInfo  !"#$%&')*+,-. FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49qog h 4.1  @ &x & MathType` "BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native (-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-p@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , METAFILEPICTopog  4.1  @ &x & MathType` "-P  #"-   hTimes New Roman- 2 20DhTimes New Roman- 2 30Vg hTimes New Roman- 2 20 hTimes New Roman- 2 10" @Times New Roman- 2 ,x hTimes New Roman- 2 i00hTimes New Roman- 2 i0yhTimes New Roman- 2 n0B2 hTimes New Roman- 2 i0 yhTimes New Roman- 2 i0@Times New Roman- 2 w@@Times New Roman- 2 w @Times New Roman- 2 w` G @Times New Roman- 2 n hSymbol- 2 =0@Symbol- 2 =Symbol- 2 @&|MathTypeUUpDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i3 == w i2 p w i2 n i==1n " , & L "-"System-]^WPC..!.( .1  `&x & MathType `@Times New Roman- 2 1.`jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1. & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerEquation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryFVeٕOle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q& .1  `&x & MathType `BOlePartOlePres000`Equation Native @Times New Roman- 2 1.`jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1. & L"System-@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1. METAFILEPICTH. .1  `&x & MathType `@Times New Roman- 2 1.`jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1. & L"System-TABLE AabWPC. . !.  .1   &x t & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker Equation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryFڕOle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q" .1   &x t & MathType BOlePartOlePres000Equation Native DhTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-(@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1  METAFILEPICT" .1   &x t & MathType hTimes New Roman- 2 21 0hTimes New Roman- 2 PS0phTimes New Roman- 2 iii~j0@@Times New Roman- 2 wFw*@Symbol- 2 =&1MathTypeUU%DSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i2 ==F iPS w i1 & L"System-efWPC.P.P!.P  ~.1  `@&x & MathType `@Times New Roman- 2 1jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =~&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1 & L"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker Equation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryF u/COle CompObjiObjInfo  FMathType 4.0 Equation MathType EFEquation.DSMT49q ~.1  `@&x & MathType `BOlePartOlePres000XEquation Native @Times New Roman- 2 1jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =~&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1 & L"System-@6M6G$xDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1 METAFILEPICTH& ~.1  `@&x & MathType `@Times New Roman- 2 1jhTimes New Roman- 2 h0` @Times New Roman- 2 T`@Symbol- 2 =~&MathTypeUUDSMT4WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  T h ==1 & L"System-hiWPC."."!."V .1  @ &M  & MathType #"-pp hTimes New Roman- 2 10 @Times New Roman- 2 ,UhTimes New Roman- 2 h0hTimes New Roman- 2 i0/hTimes New Roman- 2 h0f@Times New Roman- 2 S @@Times New Roman- 2 wB@Times New Roman- 2 T |@Symbol- 2 =&2MathTypeUU&DSMT5WinAllBasicCodePagesTimes New RomanSymbolCourier NewMT Extra"/ED/APG_APAPAE%B_AC_AE*_HA@AHA*_D_E_E_A  w i1 == S h T h , &  "-"System-WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information Marker Equation.DSMT4ࡱ> Root EntryF.~Ole CompObjiObjInfo  ! 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2 *a- 2 {*** 2 *** 2 ns 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ****  2 ins 2 ns 2 ***  2 Cns 2 ns-'-   2 0(-) 2 (-)2  Female  2 {*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Kns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 /** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Cns 2 ***---'- ---  2 |(-)- 2 b - 2 0(-) 2 (-)-'-  2  Age (logged)  2 {*** 2 ns 2 *** 2 N* 2 ns 2 *** 2 ** 2 0ns 2 e*** 2 ** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 ** 2  (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 C(-)2 8 Education 2 8{*** 2 8*** 2 8ns 2 8G*** 2 8* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8,*** 2 8l* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8B** 2 8*** 2 H(-) 2 H0(-) 2 Hi(-) 2 H(-)2 p Nonwhite  ---'- l---  2 p|ns- 2 lc - 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pN* 2 p*** 2 pns 2 p***  2 p,*** 2 pe*** 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pCns 2 p***-'-   2 K(-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-)2  Hispanic  2 ns 2 *** 2 *** 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 ins 2 ns 2 ns 2 F* 2 ** 2 0(-)2  Income  2 {*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 Kns 2 ns 2 *** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 h** 2 * 2 * 2 Cns 2 ns2  (p = .11) 2 (-) 2 0(-) 2 (-) 2  (-)"2  Income Imputed   2 {*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 Kns 2 * 2 *** 2 *** 2 ,*** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 *** 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ( (-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 (C(-) 2 ((-)72 N * p <.10; ** p <.05; *** p <.01.----'- r^----  2 _a-x2 cK Only the years 1999 and 2000 were modeled, with 1999 the omitted category.     --'- ---'- s----  2 tb-y2 xL A minus (-) sign means that the direction of the relationship was negative.    --'- -'- -   "-+ "- !+-0+0- !+0-q+q- !+q-- !-- !-+- !+-P+P- !+P-+- !+-+- !+-lQl- !Ql-Q- !Q-- !-bll- !)bl-b- !)b-@- !K@-@00- !K@0-@qq- !K@q-@- !K@-@- !K@-@- !K@-@PP- !K@P-@- !K@-@- !K@-- !-xx- !x-  "-- !-  "-- !-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-3- !7-l3l- !7l-3- !7-3- !7-030- !70-q3q- !7q-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-P3P- !7P-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-x3x- !7x-  "-33- !3-  "-3- !7-4k- !74-4lkl- !74l-4k- !74-4k- !74-40k0- !740-4qkq- !74q-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4PkP- !74P-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4xkx- !74x-  "-kk- !k-  "-4k- !74-l- !7l-lll- !7ll-l- !7l-l- !7l-l00- !7l0-lqq- !7lq-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lPP- !7lP-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lxx- !7lx-  "-- !-  "-l- !7l-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-L- !8-L- !8-0L0- !80-qLq- !8q-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-PLP- !8P-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-xLx- !8x-  "-LL- !L-  "-L- !8-lLl- !8l-L- !8-M^- !M-M0^0- !M0-Mq^q- !Mq-M- !<M-ll- !l-- !-- !-00- !0-qq- !q-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-MPP- !<MP-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-Mxx- !<Mx-M- !<M-- !-- !-**- !*-??- !?-PP- !P-aa- !a-rr- !r-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-33- !3-GG- !G-WW- !W-kk- !k-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-''- !'-77- !7-LL- !L-]]- !]-rr- !r-- !--'- 'TABLE ATABLE ATABLE ATABLE ATABLE ATABLE B    TABLE ATABLE C&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK\TABLE C dWPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerExcel.Sheet.8ࡱ> F  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDERoot Entry F YW@Ole CompObjfWorkbookb0  FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89q Oh+'0HPt Elisabeth Anne SchneidericrKristine AdlerSMicrosoft Excel@l\@{@W A@\pKristine Adler Ba= # =--.;<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)0.0 00000                + ) , *    "   " " ! ! !     "    "  ( "8  ( "8  " " `TTable 7Table 8)Sheet38V>%FavorOppose N (weighted) ProvideSSN***ns***Characteristic DemographicTrustCensusInvasion of PrivacyMisuedPrivacyIndex Undercount Long Form * p <.10; ** p <.05; *** p <.01.*** Agencies Protects Data Share to Share toEliminate CensusReduce Eliminate(-) Cannot Get Female Age (logged) Education Nonwhite Hispanic Income Income ImputedEWould you favor or oppose the Census Bureau getting everyone's name, H government agencies so no one would have to fill out a census form?; Source: 1995, Question 13; 1996-2000, Question 14. Table 7 Knowledge Importance of Census Governmentabout (p = .11) Table 3.1M address, age, sex, race, [and marital status] from the records of other G Opinions Toward a "Records Only" Census: By Year\ Predictors of Attitudes toward Privacy, Confidentiality, and Data Sharing (N ~ 3654) La Only the years 1999 and 2000 were modeled, with 1999 the omitted category.  Year a (-)b  nsc  5c A nonsignificant relationship is indicated by "ns". Table 3.1Mb A minus (-) sign means that the direction of the relationship was negative.B JC \{  2  A@  dMbP?_*+%;&Q?'Q?((\?)HzG?MHP LaserJet 4@g XX@MSUDNHP LaserJet 4;d "dXX??U} m } $}  } }  } $ ;;;;;;; ; ; ; ; ;; ','''''' '5'''''' ) 4 * ,@0@<@@@        M@^@@G@@    D@@J@@    @đ@t@@  !    +&&...<RHHH0>@7 A@  dMbP?_*+%&?'q= ףp?(q= ףp?)= ףp=?MHP LaserJet 4Si MX@w XX@MSUDHP LaserJet 4Si MX<d "dXX(\?HzG?U} m} } I }  } I } $} m}  } } } m } } }  %;;;`@ ," " ," ," ",","",","",","",","",","",","# 3 & <  6  -            1 .  !                 / 0               " "$$$$$%$$$$$$$$ "8 # # # # # # # # # # # # # "####### # ## # ## " $%%%%%%%%%%%%% "" # # # # # # # # # # # # # " #9 ###### #  #### # "$%%%%%%%%%%%%% "# # # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  # "## # ## # # ##  #  #  #  #"$%%%%%%%%%%%%% "$ # # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  #"###### # #  #  #  #  ## "$%%%%%%%%%%%%% "% #: # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  #"### # # ####  #  ##  # "$%%%%%%%%%%%%% "& # # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  # "####### #  ##### "$%%%%%%%%%%%%% "' # # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  # "## #2 ## # # #  ##  #  ## $%% % %%%%%%%%%% "( # # # # # # # #  #  #  #  #  ## # # # # # # ###  #  #  #  # B X<<<&&R&\&&h&j&<&|< ;#!";#;$;" %%%%%%%%%%%%%% ! ! " 7 "  # = # $ ; $ RP&222>@<K'2$$$7 A@  dMbP?_*+%"??U>@7  #ns #ns #ns #*** #ns #***  #**  #*  #*  #ns  #ns "### (p = .11) ## #(-)# #(-)  ##   #(-)  ## $%% %(-)%%%%%%%%%% " Income Imputed #*** #*** #*** #ns #* #*** #*** #***  #***  #***  #***  #***  #***# #(-) #(-) #(-)# #(-) #(-) ###   #(-)  #(-)  #(-)  #(-)"%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BXI*&&V&b&&p&r&>&> ;T0#!b"; ####)! * p <.10; ** p <.05; *** p <.01. ![" La Only the years 1999 and 2000 were modeled, with 1999 the omitted category. "  (=> @<K" I  dMbP?_*+%" ??99U>@ BOlePartOlePres000zOSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8 [dB@O 'y   ''  ' ' ' Times New Roman- 2  Table 3.1 2  Table 3.1 "System-'- ?+- 72 , Predictors of Attitudes   a2 ,Z<toward Privacy, Confidentiality, and Data Sharing (N ~ 3654)      --'- Times New Roman- 2 Rg Knowledge  2 R8Agencies 2 RwCensus2 R Share to 2 RShare to2 R2 Share to 2 c Demographic  2 cvabout2 c Importance 2 cTrust-'- rqb1 2 c2 Cannot Get -'-  2 cs Protects 2 cTrust2 cInvasion2 c"Census2 c[Privacy2 cReduce 2 c Eliminate 2 cEliminate Census 2 cProvide2 sCharacteristic2 sqCensus2 s of Census2 s Government  2 sEData  2 s~Data 2 sCensus2 s of Privacy2 s"Misued 2 saIndex2 s Undercount 2 sCensus2 s, Long Form 2 sSSN Times New Roman---'- ---- 2  Year - 2 *a- 2 {*** 2 *** 2 ns 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ****  2 ins 2 ns 2 ***  2 Cns 2 ns-'-   2 0(-) 2 (-)2  Female  2 {*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Kns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 /** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Cns 2 ***---'- ---  2 |(-)- 2 b - 2 0(-) 2 (-)-'-  2  Age (logged)  2 {*** 2 ns 2 *** 2 N* 2 ns 2 *** 2 ** 2 0ns 2 e*** 2 ** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 ** 2  (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 C(-)2 8 Education 2 8{*** 2 8*** 2 8ns 2 8G*** 2 8* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8,*** 2 8l* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8B** 2 8*** 2 H(-) 2 H0(-) 2 Hi(-) 2 H(-)2 p Nonwhite  ---'- l---  2 p|ns- 2 lc - 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pN* 2 p*** 2 pns 2 p***  2 p,*** 2 pe*** 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pCns 2 p***-'-   2 K(-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-)2  Hispanic  2 ns 2 *** 2 *** 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 ins 2 ns 2 ns 2 F* 2 ** 2 0(-)2  Income  2 {*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 Kns 2 ns 2 *** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 h** 2 * 2 * 2 Cns 2 ns2  (p = .11) 2 (-) 2 0(-) 2 (-) 2  (-)"2  Income Imputed   2 {*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 Kns 2 * 2 *** 2 *** 2 ,*** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 *** 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ( (-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 (C(-) 2 ((-)72 N * p <.10; ** p <.05; *** p <.01.----'- r^----  2 _a-x2 cK Only the years 1999 and 2000 were modeled, with 1999 the omitted category.     --'- ---'- s----  2 tb-y2 xL A minus (-) sign means that the direction of the relationship was negative.    --'- -'- -   "-+ "- !+-0+0- !+0-q+q- !+q-- !-- !-+- !+-P+P- !+P-+- !+-+- !+-lQl- !Ql-Q- !Q-- !-bll- !)bl-b- !)b-@- !K@-@00- !K@0-@qq- !K@q-@- !K@-@- !K@-@- !K@-@PP- !K@P-@- !K@-@- !K@-- !-xx- !x-  "-- !-  "-- !-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-3- !7-l3l- !7l-3- !7-3- !7-030- !70-q3q- !7q-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-P3P- !7P-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-x3x- !7x-  "-33- !3-  "-3- !7-4k- !74-4lkl- !74l-4k- !74-4k- !74-40k0- !740-4qkq- !74q-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4PkP- !74P-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4xkx- !74x-  "-kk- !k-  "-4k- !74-l- !7l-lll- !7ll-l- !7l-l- !7l-l00- !7l0-lqq- !7lq-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lPP- !7lP-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lxx- !7lx-  "-- !-  "-l- !7l-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-L- !8-L- !8-0L0- !80-qLq- !8q-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-PLP- !8P-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-xLx- !8x-  "-LL- !L-  "-L- !8-lLl- !8l-L- !8-M^- !M-M0^0- !M0-Mq^q- !Mq-M- !<M-ll- !l-- !-- !-00- !0-qq- !q-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-MPP- !<MP-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-Mxx- !<Mx-M- !<M-- !-- !-**- !*-??- !?-PP- !P-aa- !a-rr- !r-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-33- !3-GG- !G-WW- !W-kk- !k-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-''- !'-77- !7-LL- !L-]]- !]-rr- !r-- !--'- ' ՜.+,0 PXx  University of Michigans Table 7Table 8Sheet3  Worksheets METAFILEPICT[dHO[dB 'y   ''  ' ' ' Times New Roman- 2  Table 3.1 2  Table 3.1 "System-'- ?+- 72 , Predictors of Attitudes   a2 ,Z<toward Privacy, Confidentiality, and Data Sharing (N ~ 3654)      --'- Times New Roman- 2 Rg Knowledge  2 R8Agencies 2 RwCensus2 R Share to 2 RShare to2 R2 Share to 2 c Demographic  2 cvabout2 c Importance 2 cTrust-'- rqb1 2 c2 Cannot Get -'-  2 cs Protects 2 cTrust2 cInvasion2 c"Census2 c[Privacy2 cReduce 2 c Eliminate 2 cEliminate Census 2 cProvide2 sCharacteristic2 sqCensus2 s of Census2 s Government  2 sEData  2 s~Data 2 sCensus2 s of Privacy2 s"Misued 2 saIndex2 s Undercount 2 sCensus2 s, Long Form 2 sSSN Times New Roman---'- ---- 2  Year - 2 *a- 2 {*** 2 *** 2 ns 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ****  2 ins 2 ns 2 ***  2 Cns 2 ns-'-   2 0(-) 2 (-)2  Female  2 {*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Kns 2 ns 2 ns 2 ns 2 /** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 * 2 Cns 2 ***---'- ---  2 |(-)- 2 b - 2 0(-) 2 (-)-'-  2  Age (logged)  2 {*** 2 ns 2 *** 2 N* 2 ns 2 *** 2 ** 2 0ns 2 e*** 2 ** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 ** 2  (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 C(-)2 8 Education 2 8{*** 2 8*** 2 8ns 2 8G*** 2 8* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8,*** 2 8l* 2 8ns 2 8*** 2 8B** 2 8*** 2 H(-) 2 H0(-) 2 Hi(-) 2 H(-)2 p Nonwhite  ---'- l---  2 p|ns- 2 lc - 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pN* 2 p*** 2 pns 2 p***  2 p,*** 2 pe*** 2 p*** 2 pns 2 pCns 2 p***-'-   2 K(-) 2 (-) 2 (-) 2 (-)2  Hispanic  2 ns 2 *** 2 *** 2 G*** 2 ns 2 ** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 ins 2 ns 2 ns 2 F* 2 ** 2 0(-)2  Income  2 {*** 2 ns 2 ns 2 Kns 2 ns 2 *** 2 ns 2 ,*** 2 h** 2 * 2 * 2 Cns 2 ns2  (p = .11) 2 (-) 2 0(-) 2 (-) 2  (-)"2  Income Imputed   2 {*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 Kns 2 * 2 *** 2 *** 2 ,*** 2 e*** 2 *** 2 *** 2 ?*** 2 *** 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ( (-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 ((-) 2 (C(-) 2 ((-)72 N * p <.10; ** p <.05; *** p <.01.----'- r^----  2 _a-x2 cK Only the years 1999 and 2000 were modeled, with 1999 the omitted category.     --'- ---'- s----  2 tb-y2 xL A minus (-) sign means that the direction of the relationship was negative.    --'- -'- -   "-+ "- !+-0+0- !+0-q+q- !+q-- !-- !-+- !+-P+P- !+P-+- !+-+- !+-lQl- !Ql-Q- !Q-- !-bll- !)bl-b- !)b-@- !K@-@00- !K@0-@qq- !K@q-@- !K@-@- !K@-@- !K@-@PP- !K@P-@- !K@-@- !K@-- !-xx- !x-  "-- !-  "-- !-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-3- !7-l3l- !7l-3- !7-3- !7-030- !70-q3q- !7q-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-P3P- !7P-3- !7-3- !7-3- !7-x3x- !7x-  "-33- !3-  "-3- !7-4k- !74-4lkl- !74l-4k- !74-4k- !74-40k0- !740-4qkq- !74q-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4PkP- !74P-4k- !74-4k- !74-4k- !74-4xkx- !74x-  "-kk- !k-  "-4k- !74-l- !7l-lll- !7ll-l- !7l-l- !7l-l00- !7l0-lqq- !7lq-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lPP- !7lP-l- !7l-l- !7l-l- !7l-lxx- !7lx-  "-- !-  "-l- !7l-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-- !7-ll- !7l-- !7-- !7-00- !70-qq- !7q-- !7-- !7-- !7-PP- !7P-- !7-- !7-- !7-xx- !7x-  "-- !-  "-- !7-L- !8-L- !8-0L0- !80-qLq- !8q-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-PLP- !8P-L- !8-L- !8-L- !8-xLx- !8x-  "-LL- !L-  "-L- !8-lLl- !8l-L- !8-M^- !M-M0^0- !M0-Mq^q- !Mq-M- !<M-ll- !l-- !-- !-00- !0-qq- !q-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-MPP- !<MP-M- !<M-M- !<M-M- !<M-Mxx- !<Mx-M- !<M-- !-- !-**- !*-??- !?-PP- !P-aa- !a-rr- !r-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-33- !3-GG- !G-WW- !W-kk- !k-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-- !-''- !'-77- !7-LL- !L-]]- !]-rr- !r-- !--'- '$35;?EMU]c31.ai.(1)(a)(i)1.a.\  `$Times NewRoman    X lj. vU&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK2b$Square0 &OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKKD"I Title non-bold%TABLE A 8TABLE A  @DH:\MURAWSKI\LATESTMO\1CPOSTAG.TIFH:\Murawski\Latest Models\1cpostag.tifT4b̤"ͤͤnJ' ']&I{s u& h\R3'Letter\  (hH  Z6Times New Roman Regular      $    20    _Theseresultschangeslightlywhenthereturnvariablebasedon_NRU_Ԁissubstitutedin  theanalysis.In1999,incomebecomesasignificantpredictorofreturn,whereasbeingfemaleis  nolongersignificant,andnoneoftheattitudinalvariablesaresignificant.In2000,income  becomesasignificantpredictorofreturn,whereasnoneoftheregionalvariablesaresignificant. t Obligationtocooperate,andtrustinthegovernmentinWashington,becomesignificant ` predictorsofreturn,whereasthePrivacyIndexisnolongerstatisticallysignificant.TABLE AD" \\R3'Letter\ \\R3'Letter\      $    21    _ԀThemodelFvaluewasnotsignificant(p=0.249),butwhenthereturnratebasedon  _NRU_Ԁwasused,boththemodelFvalueandthecoefficientfornegativeexposurewere  statisticallysignificant;inbothcases,p<.05.     $    22    _ԀWhenthereturnratecalculatedfromthe_NRU_Ԁvariableissubstitutedforthatbasedon  MAILS,the1999findingsdonotchangebutpositiveattitudesbecomesignificantin2000,  adding0.009percenttotheexplainedvariance(p<.05).      e   w  $    23    _ԀNotethatthreeothervariablessignificantlyrelatedtoselfreportedexposuretopositive  publicitythebeliefthatotheragenciescannotgetcensusdataidentifiedbynameandaddress,  trustintheCensusBureautomaintainconfidentiality,andthebeliefthattheCensusBureau  maintainstheconfidentialityofthedataitcollectscannotbeincludedaspredictorsofcensus  returnssincetheyweremeasuredfor_subsamples_Ԁonly.   $    1    _ԀWealsotriedshifting_nonrandomly_Ԁselectedpersonsfromonepersonhouseholdstothe  randomportionofthesample,sincebydefinitiontheycouldnotdifferfromarespondent  selectedrandomly.Thequestionsshowingsignificantdifferencesdidnotchange,however.    TABLE ATABLE A(9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular>c$"Small Circle"0 TABLE ATABLE D   $    2    _ԀAllpercentagesandNsinthisreportarebasedonweighteddata.Whenchanges  betweenpairsofcellsarenoted,thestatementisbasedonatestofsignificancebetweenthetwo  cells.Althoughmostsuchchangesaresignificantatthe0.05level,some(notablyforcellswith  smallnumbersofrespondents)aresignificantat0.10.  $    3    _ԀThequestionaboutconfidentialitywasaskedforthefirsttimein1996;hence,trends  areshownforthreeyearsonly.   $    4    _ԀTheorderinwhichthetwoquestionsareaskeddoesaffectthepercentagesgivingthe  correctresponsetoeachquestion,aswellastheproportionrespondingDontKnow.Fordetails,  see_Tourangeau_,Singer,andPresser,2001.   $    5    _ԀPercentagesshownaverageresponsesoverthethreeordersinwhichquestionswere  asked.Orderofaskingaffectsresponsestothethirdagencyaskedabout,butnotthosetoeither  theSSAortheIRS.See_Tourangeau_,Singer,andPresser,2001.    $    6    _ԀIn1996,37percentcitedprivacy/confidentialityconcerns;20percentbelieveda  recordsonlycensuswouldbelessaccurate;13percentthoughttheinformationmightfallinto  thewronghandsorbemisused;andfivepercentsaiditshouldbeuptotheindividualcitizen. _  7ThisnegativepublicitypeakedduringthefirstweekofApril.OnApril7,theU.S.  Senatepasseda_nonbinding_Ԁresolutionurgingthat noAmericanwillbeprosecuted,fined,orin  any_wy_Ԁharassedbythefederalgovernmentfornotansweringcertainquestionsontheform,  includingoneaboutrace(_DVera_ԀCohn, SenateVoteSuggestsCensusReplyChoices, t WashingtonPost,April8,2000,A02:seealso,forexample,_Haya_ԀElNasser, CensusShakenby ` Grumbling,USAToday,April10,2000,4A;and_DVera_ԀCohn, CensuscomplaintsHitHome, L  WashingtonPost,May4,2000,A09).   $    8    _ԀIn1996,whentheFoodStampOfficewasaskedaboutinsteadofpublichousing  agencies,therewasalsonorelationshipbetweenresponsestothesequestions.  $    9    _ԀItmightbearguedthatwhatislostisnotprivacybuttheconfidentialityofinformation  giventooneagencyandnowsharedwithanother.   $    10    _&  ԀResponsedistributionstothetwoversionsofthequestiondivergedsomewhatin2000.  In1999,41percentsaidtheyhadheardabouttheundercountin somecommunitiesand44  percentsaidtheyhadheardaboutit inbigcities;in2000,thecorrespondingpercentageswere  49percentand57percent.'T  $    11    _ԀAllthreequestionsshowedadeclineinagreementbetween1999and2000,although  onlythedeclineinthefirsttwowasstatisticallysignificant.   $    12    _ԀWealsorantheseregressionswithoutthisvariable.Onlysevenof91coefficients  changedfrom significantto _nonsignificant_,orviceversa.Twooftheseinvolveincome,  whichbecomesasignificantpositivepredictorofwillingnesstoprovide_SSN_Ԁandasignificant  negativepredictorofconsideringthecensusaninvasionofprivacy;threeinvolveage,which  becomes_nonsignificant_Ԁwithrespecttothesesametwovariablesbutbecomesasignificant  i negativepredictorofconsideringthecensusextremelyimportant;oneisthecoefficientfor  nonwhites,whichbecomesasignificantnegativepredictoroftrustintheCensusBureauinthe  absenceofthevariablesignifyingafailuretoprovideincome;andthefinaloneisfemale,which  becomesa_nonsignificant_Ԁpredictoroftrustingovernment.   $    13    _Theimputationswerecreatedthroughasequenceof_univariate_Ԁregressionswiththe  _covariates_Ԁincludingallothervariablesobservedorimputedfortheindividual.Thetypeof  regressionused(i.e.,linearversuslogistic)dependedonthevariabletobeimputed.The  sequenceofimputingmissingvalueswascontinuedinacyclicmanner,eachtimeoverwriting  thepreviouslyimputedvaluestobuildmoreinterdependenceandexploitthe_correlational_  structureofthedata. ,  $    14    _Dateofinterviewwassignificantlyrelatedtoonlyfourofthedependentvariables  includedintheanalysis.Withdemographicvariablescontrolled,peopleinterviewedlaterwere  significantlylessknowledgeableaboutthecensusandsignificantlylesslikelytobewillingto  haveagenciessharedatainordertoeliminatethelongform;theyweresignificantlymorelikely t tosayotheragenciescannotgetcensusdataidentifiedbyname,andtheyexpressedsignificantly ` moretrustingovernment.Thesedifferencessuggestnoconsistentpatternforthoseinterviewed L  earliervs.thoseinterviewedlater.   $    15    _ԀForexample,fortheiranalysisofprivacyandconfidentialityasfactorsinresponseto  the1990census,Singer,MathiowetzandCouper(1993)usedrespondentstotheSurveyof  CensusParticipation,carriedoutinthesummerof1990bytheNationalOpinionResearch  Center(NORC)witharesponserateof89.8percent.Respondentstothissurveyhadbeenlinked t todecennialcensusinformationaspartofalargerprojectonsurveyparticipation(seeGroves ` andCouper,1992);97.6percentoftheaddressesweresuccessfullymatchedatthehousehold L  level.Fordetailsofthematchoperation,seeCouperandGroves(1992).SincetheSurveyof 8  CensusParticipationwasfacetofacesurvey,goodaddresseswereavailableforallormostall $ t respondents.   $    16    _Analternativewayofcomputingareturnrate,basedontheCensusBureaus  NonresponseFollowupUniversevariable(NRU),yieldsaslightlylowerreturnrate:79.9  percentin1999and80.9percentin2000.NRUtakesintoaccountthedateofreturn,classifying  allcensusformsreceivedafterApril19asnonreturns.Wehaveincludedallreturns,regardless t ofthedate,andhaveevenincludedoneCATIandtwoBeCountedreturnsintheanalyses ` reportedinthissection,butweranallanalyseswithbothdependentvariablesandcommenton L  differencesasappropriate. 8    $    17    _ThedifferencesbetweenlongandshortformsarelargeriftheNRUvariableisused:  14.6percentin1999and13.7percentin2000.   $    18    _Allremaininganalysesarebasedonweightedandimputeddata.ThechapterinLaneet  al.(2002),basedinpartonthesedata,uses_unweighted_Ԁdataratherthantheweighteddatashown  intables4.14.4.Asaresult,theparameterestimatesandstandarderrorsvarysomewhatfrom  thoseshownhere,asdothesignificancelevelsofsomeofthevariables.  $    19    _Foradefinitionoftheattitudinalvariables,seeSection3.i) !  _  mXX0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(# g mCensus2000Testing,  Experimentation#XabX g1# gXXabԀand : EvaluationProgram #XabX gb#$tp(#p(# A"*) xdE]xA ^     `     h      p  gXXabDecember10,2001# m g##Xz(X m#  m   XabXXXz( oXXabFinalReportonthe19992000 C  SurveysofPrivacyAttitudes#XabXoq#xGvXXab E   #XabXvxG##Xz(XXXabO#  mXXz(FINALREPORT#Xz(X m#  k  XabXXXz(ThisresearchpaperreportstheresultsofresearchandanalysisundertakenbytheU.S.Census  Bureau.Itispartofabroadprogram,theCensus2000Testing,Experimentation,andEvaluation } (_TXE_)Program,designedtoassessCensus2000andtoinform2010Censusplanning.Findings i fromtheCensus2000_TXE_ԀProgramreportsareintegratedintotopicreportsthatprovidecontext U andbackgroundforbroaderinterpretationofresults.#Xz(XXXab#  A   mXXz(] g m0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (##]XabX] g##Xz(XX]Xab#;] XXz(E.Singer,J.VanHoewyk,andR.TourangeauU(#(#    `    SurveyResearchCenter,UniversityofMichigan + { ]  ;]0  0` (#(#   #;]  ]C #D.M.Steiger,M.Montgomery,andR.MontgomeryQ!` (#` (# Ѐ   `    TheGallupOrganization]  ;]0  0 (#(#0x (# (#0 x(#x(##;]  ]S #t  ;]w" (# (# A"*) xdME#xA # #;]  t #]  ;]0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#R.Neugebauer,ProjectManager#(#(# 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#Planning,Research,andEvaluationDivision#]XabX ]Z#] gX]Xab$" (#(# # m] g ##Xz(X m #   `     h      p    `     h      p    q=-)`~0+/ `(*E+//;+-q  ' #!    `   R&D2002Contract H ContractNo.50_YABC_Ԅ766019 4 TaskOrderNo.46YABC900002   p 8z(XXdd8   (432XXz(K22N/VX CONTENTS#KXz(XK2##Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz(  +o[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXoEXECUTIVESUMMARY.H H hh#h.(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA""J(#. F1  KXKXz({[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXX'X{#KXz(XK_#BACKGROUND  .0 0 . hh#h.(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA""J(#. F8 n KXKXz( Xu[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'Xu #KXz(XKq#1.METHODS  .p p . hh#h.(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA""J(#. F9  ^  (44 Xu[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'XuӀ1.1SurveyInstrumenthh#h.5(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA""J(#. F9  J  {[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXX'X{Ӏ1.2SampleDesign. *h..hh#.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA.....9  6 Ѐ1.3TrainingandDataCollection.9.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....10  "  Ѐ1.4ResponseRateEnhancements.&&7.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....11    Ѐ1.5ResponseRates. +h..hh#.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....13   Ѐ1.6DevelopmentofBaseWeights.9.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....14   Ѐ1.7AnalysisofRandomvsNonrandomPortionsof1999Sample .Sx.  < .xxA.....17   {[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXX'X{ X KXKXz(Ԁ ~  #KXz(XK[!#2.TRENDSINRESPONSES19952000(.+-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F19 B    Xu[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AX'XuӀ2.1KnowledgeaboutandAttitudestowardtheDecennialCensusx.V .xxA....19 .n Ѐ2.2BeliefsandAttitudesaboutConfidentialityp.66H.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....23 Z Ѐ2.3AttitudestowardUseofAdministrativeRecords.K .7x.  <..........35 F Ѐ2.4AttitudestowardPrivacy.5.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....49 2 Ѐ2.5AlienationfromGovernment.7.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA....51  Ѐ2.6WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber.J .7x.  < .xxA.....54   Ѐ2.7Summary:PatternsofChange.&&8.(p.-.pp2 .7x.  < .xxA.....57  KXKXz({[X`  hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXX'X{ J(44 X #KXz(XK)#3.CHANGEINATTITUDES,19992000(.((,-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F59 f   XӀ3.1WhichAttitudesChanged(.8-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F59 R Ѐ3.2PredictorsofAttitudes,19992000-.@pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F65 >~ Ѐ3.3TheImpactofMediaExposuresonAttitudesin2000  < .PxxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F69 *j KXKXz( X #KXz(XK3/#4.ATTITUDESANDBEHAVIORhh#h.$(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F75    XӀ4.1MailReturnRatesamongRespondentspp2p.66A7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F76  Ѐ4.2PredictorsofMailReturn(.7-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F77  Ѐ4.3DifferencesbetweenMatchedandUnmatchedRespondents  < .SxxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F83    KXKXz( X #KXz(XK3#5.ATTITUDESTOWARDTHECENSUSINPUERTORICO7.8  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F86 N""   XӀ5.1KnowledgeaboutandAttitudestowardtheDecennialCensusxxAx.22W F .xxA`"`"I(#. F86 :#z# Ѐ5.2BeliefsandAttitudesaboutConfidentialitypp2p.J7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F90 &$f $ Ѐ5.3AttitudestowardtheUseofAdministrativeRecords7.>>P  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA`"`"I(#. F97 %R!%  XӀ5.4AttitudestowardPrivacy,AlienationfromGovernment,andWillingness %>"&  XӀtoProvideSocialSecurityNumber-.App2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA!!H(#. F107 &*#' KXKXz(#KXz(XKC9##Xz(XXKXz(l#6.CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSFORFUTURERESEARCHKXz(XXXz( F .RRA!!H(#. F115 t($) References` ` ` .$$  .` ` . hh#h.(.hh#-.(pp2p.-7.pp2  < .7xxAx.  < F .xxA!!H(#. F117 `)%* AppendixA.1999Questionnaire(Availableuponrequest.) L*&+ AppendixB.2000Questionnaire(Availableuponrequest.)#Xz(XXKXz(9#KXz(XXXz( 8+x', AppendixC.SpanishLanguageQuestionnaire(Availableuponrequest.)#Xz(XXKXz(m<#KXz(XXXz( $,d(-  -P). X X X  *XXX'X*  LISTOFTABLES  =TABLE `    x PAGE#Xz(XXKXz( =#KXz(XXXz(  2.1  PerceivedImportanceoftheCensus:ByYear p      x  19 t 2.2  PerceivedImportanceofItemsontheShortForm:ByYear     x  20 ` 2.3  AwarenessofCensusUses:ByYear     p      x  21 L  2.4a  AwarenessofUndercountin"SomeCommunities":byYear   x  21 8  2.4b  AwarenessofUndercountin"BigCities":ByYear p      x  22 $ t 2.5  ObligationtoCooperatewithCensus:ByYear p      x  22  ` 2.6  OpinionsTowardtheCensusasanInvasionofPrivacy:ByYear   x  23  L  2.7  BeliefsRegardingSharingofCensusResponses:byYear     x  25  8  2.8  BeliefsRegardingProtectionofConfidentiality:ByYear     x  25 $  2.9  MeaningofConfidentialitytoRespondent:byYear p      x  26   2.10  CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreShared:ByYear     x  27   2.11  CertaintythatCensusBureauDoesNotProtectConfidentiality:ByYear x  28   2.12  CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreNotShared:ByYear     x  29   2.13  CertaintythatCensusBureauProtectsConfidentiality:ByYear   x  29 p 2.14  BeliefsRegardingtheFrequencyofInformationSharing:ByYear   x  30 \ 2.15  BeliefsRegardingFrequencyofFailingtoProtectConfidentiality:ByYear 31 H 2.16  HowBotheredIfCensusResponsesWereShared:ByYear     x  32 4 2.17  HowBotheredIfCensusBureauDidNotProtectConfidentiality:ByYear x 0 32 p (# (# 2.18  IsCensusBureauForbiddenByLawfromSharingInformation:ByYear x  33  \ 2.19  IsCensusBureauRequiredtoKeepInformationConfidential:ByYear x  34 H 2.20  TrustCensusBureautoKeepInformationConfidential(ThoseWho 4   KnowtheLawOnly):ByYear     p      x  34   2.21  OpinionsTowardtheSSASharingShortFormInformationwith     theCensusBureau:ByYear h      p      x  36  2.22  OpinionsTowardtheIRSSharingShortFormInformationwith    theCensusBureau:ByYear h      p      x  36  2.23  OpinionsTowardOtherAgenciesSharingShortFormInformation l   withtheCensusBureau:ByYear     p      x  37 X  2.24  OpinionsTowardAllThreeAgenciesSharingShortFormInformation D!   withtheCensusBureau:ByYear     p      x  38 0"  2.25  StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbySSA:ByYear     x  39 #l! 2.26  StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbyIRS:ByYear     x  39 $X" 2.27  StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbySSA:ByYear     x  40 $D # 2.28  StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbyIRS:ByYear p     0 x 0 x(#x(#41%0!$ (# (# 2.29  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"Census:ByYear     x  42 &"% 2.30  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"Census,IfItCostsLess:ByYear x  43 '#& 2.31  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"CensusIfItIncreasesAccuracy: (#'   ByYear    h      p      x  43 )$( 2.32  AwarenessoftheLongForm:ByYear   p      x  45 |*%)  T,'+ TABLE `    x PAGE#Xz(XXKXz(>#KXz(XXXz(  2.33  OpinionsTowardIRSSharingLongFormInformationwiththe    CensusBureau,ByYear h      p      x  46  2.34  StrengthofFavoringtheIRSSharingLongFormInformation t   withtheCensusBureau:ByYear     p      x  46 ` 2.35  StrengthofOpposingtheIRSSharingLongFormInformation L    withtheCensusBureau:ByYear     p      x  47 8  2.36  PercentFavoringIRSSharingShortFormversusLongForm $ t   InformationwiththeCensusBureau:ByYear p      x  47  ` 2.37  OpinionsTowardtheSharingofLongFormDatawiththeCensus  L    BureauasaFunctionofBeliefsRegardingOtherAgenciesObtaining  8    CensusResponses:ByYear h      p      x  48 $  2.38  OpinionsTowardtheSharingofLongFormDatawiththeCensus     BureauasaFunctionofBeliefsRegardingCensusBureauProtecting     Confidentiality:ByYear h      p      x  49   2.39  GeneralAttitudestowardPrivacy:ByYear   p      x  50   2.40  ViewsastotheRelativeImportanceofSavingTimeandMoneyversus p   ProtectingPrivacy:ByYear h      p      x  51 \ 2.41  BeliefsinPersonalInfluenceonGovernmentActions:ByYear   x  52 H 2.42  BeliefsRegardingtheConcernGovernmenthasforCitizens'Views: 4   ByYear    h      p      x  52  p 2.43  TrustinGovernment:ByYear     p      x  53  \ 2.44  ConfidenceinPeopleRunningtheGovernment:ByYear     x  53 H 2.45  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber:ByYear     x  54 4 2.46  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byAttitudestoward     theCensusandDataSharing:ByYear   p      x  55   2.47  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byAttitudestoward    Privacy:ByYear   h      p      x  56  2.48  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byDemographic    Characteristic:ByYear h      p      x  57 l 3.1  PredictorsofAttitudestowardPrivacy,Confidentiality,andDataSharing 67 X  3.2  EffectsofExposuretoPositiveand/orNegativePublicityonBeliefsand D!   AttitudesabouttheCensus h      p      x  71 0"  3.3  EffectsofExposuretoPositiveorNegativePublicityOnly,Compared #l!   withExposuretoBothPositiveandNegativePublicity,onBeliefs $X"   andAttitudesabouttheCensus     p      x  73 $D # 4.1  DemographicandAttitudinalPredictorsofCensusMailReturns,1999 79 %0!$ 4.2  DemographicandAttitudinalPredictorsofCensusMailReturns,2000 x  80 &"% 4.3  DemographicandAttitudinalPredictorsofMatchBetweenSurveyand '#&   CensusRecords,1999 h      p      x  84 (#' #Xz(XXKXz(RT#KXz(XXXz(4.4  DemographicandAttitudinalPredictorsofMatchBetweenSurveyand )$(   CensusRecords,2000 h      p      x  85 |*%)  T,'+ TABLE `    x PAGE#Xz(XXKXz(g#KXz(XXXz(  5.1  PerceivedImportanceoftheCensus:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   x  87#Xz(XXKXz(i#KXz(XXXz(  5.2  PerceivedImportanceofItemsontheShortForm:U.S.andPuerto    Rico,2000    h      p      x  87 t 5.3  OpinionsTowardtheCensusasanInvasionofPrivacy:U.S.andPuerto `   Rico,2000    h      p      x  88 L  5.4  AwarenessofCensusUses:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000     x  88 8  5.5  AwarenessofUndercountin"SomeCommunities":U.S.andPuerto x   $ t   Rico,2000    h      p      x  89  ` 5.6  AwarenessofUndercountin"BigCities":U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 x  89  L  5.7  ObligationtoCooperatewithCensus:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   x  90  8  5.8  BeliefsRegardingSharingofCensusResponses:U.S.andPuertoRico, $    2000 `     h      p      x  91   5.9  BeliefsRegardingProtectionofConfidentiality:U.S.andPuertoRico,     2000 `     h      p      x  91   5.10  CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreShared:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 x  92   5.11  CertaintythatCensusBureauDoesNotProtectConfidentiality:U.S. p   andPuertoRico,2000 h      p      x  92 \ 5.12  CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreNotShared:U.S.andPuertoRico, H   2000 `     h      p      x  93 4 5.13  CertaintythatCensusBureauProtectsConfidentiality:U.S.andPuerto  p   Rico,2000    h      p      x  93  \ 5.14  BeliefsRegardingtheFrequencyofInformationSharing:U.S. H   andPuertoRico,2000 h      p      x  94 4 5.15  BeliefsRegardingtheFrequencyofFailingtoProtectConfidentiality:U.S.     andPuertoRico,2000 h      p      x  94   5.16  HowBotheredIfCensusResponsesWereShared:U.S.andPuertoRico,    2000 `     h      p      x  95  5.17  HowBotheredIfCensusBureauDidNotProtectConfidentiality:U.S.and    PuertoRico,2000   h      p      x  95 l 5.180  IsCensusBureauForbiddenByLawFromSharingInformation:U.S.andX (#(#   PuertoRico,20000  0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#0 x(#x(#96D! (# (# 5.19  IsCensusBureauRequiredtoKeepInformationConfidential:U.S.and 0"    PuertoRico,2000   h      p      x  96 #l! 5.20  TrustCensusBureautoKeepInformationConfidential(ThoseWho $X"   KnowtheLawOnly):U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  97 $D # 5.21  OpinionsTowardtheSSASharingShortFormInformationwiththe %0!$   CensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x  98 &"% 5.22  OpinionsTowardtheIRSSharingShortFormInformationwiththe '#&   CensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x  98 (#' 5.23  OpinionsTowardOtherAgenciesSharingShortFormInformationwith )$(   theCensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  99 |*%) #Xz(XXKXz(j#KXz(XXXz(5.24  OpinionsTowardAllThreeAgenciesSharingShortFormInformation h+&*   withtheCensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000     x  99 T,'+ N/V NX N  TABLE#Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz(Ԁ0 ` 0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#0x (# (#PAGE#Xz(XXKXz(y#KXz(XXXz(Ԁ#Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz(x(#x(# 5.25  StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbySSA:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 100  #Xz(XXKXz(˂#KXz(XXXz(5.26  StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbyIRS:U.S.andPuertoRico,    2000 `     h      p      x  100 t 5.27  StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbySSA:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 x 101 ` 5.28  StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbyIRS:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 x  101 L  5.29  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"Census:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 x  102 8  5.30  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"Census,IfItCostsLess:U.S.and $ t   PuertoRico,2000   h      p      x  102  ` 5.31  OpinionsTowarda"RecordsOnly"CensusIfItIncreasesAccuracy:U.S.  L    andPuertoRico,2000 h      p      x  103  8  5.32  AwarenessoftheLongForm:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000     x  103 $  5.33  OpinionsTowardIRSSharingLongFormInformationwiththe     CensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x  104   5.34  StrengthofFavoringtheIRSSharingLongFormInformationwith     theCensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  104   5.35  StrengthofOpposingtheIRSSharingLongFormInformationwith p   theCensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  105 \ 5.36  PercentFavoringtheIRSSharingShortFormversusLongForm   H   InformationwiththeCensusBureau:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   x  105 4 5.37  OpinionsTowardtheSharingofLongFormDatawiththeCensusBureau  p   asaFunctionofBeliefsRegardingOtherAgenciesObtainingCensus  \   Responses:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x  106 H 5.38  OpinionsTowardtheSharingofLongFormDatawiththeCensusBureau 4   asaFunctionofBeliefsRegardingCensusBureauProtecting     Confidentiality:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x  107   5.39  GeneralAttitudestowardPrivacy:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   x  108  5.40  ViewsastotheRelativeImportanceofSavingTimeandMoneyversus    ProtectingPrivacy:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  109  5.41  BeliefsinPersonalInfluenceonGovernmentActions:U.S.andPuerto l   Rico,2000    h      p      x  109 X  5.42  BeliefsRegardingtheConcernGovernmentHasforCitizens'Views: D!   U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 h      p      x  110 0"  5.43  TrustinGovernment:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000 p      x  110 #l! 5.44  ConfidenceinPeopleRunningtheGovernment:U.S.andPuertoRico, $X"   2000 `     h      p      x  111 $D # 5.45  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber:U.S.andPuertoRico, %0!$   2000 `     h      p      x  111 &"% #Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz(Ԁ5.46  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byAttitudestowardthe '#&   CensusandDataSharing:U.S.andDataSharing:U.S.andPuertoRico, (#'   2000 `     h      p      x  112 )$( 5.47  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byAttitudestoward |*%)   Privacy:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000     p      x  113 h+&* 5.48  WillingnesstoProvideSocialSecurityNumber,byDemographic T,'+   Characteristic:U.S.andPuertoRico,2000   p      x #Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz( 114#Xz(XXKXz(#KXz(XXXz( @-(,   ,.|)- #Xz(XXKXz(#TRX3'Avery 5972 Yellow AddressX3' Letter3'Letter972 Yellow Address3'LetterTXPW_[[AK<FinalReportofthe19992000  SurveysofPrivacyAttitudes  EleanorSinger,JohnVan_Hoewyk_,andRoger_Tourangeau_, t SurveyResearchCenter,UniversityofMichigan ` DarbyMillerSteiger,_Margrethe_ԀMontgomery,andRobertMontgomery, L  ӀTheGallupOrganization 8    EXECUTIVESUMMARY   K  TheCensusBureauhascommissionedfourstudiesofpublicattitudestowardthecensus,  L  towarddatasharingbygovernmentagenciestoimprovetheaccuracyoftheenumerationor  8  reduceburden,andtowardissuesofconfidentialityandprivacy.Afifthstudyactuallythefirst $  intheserieswasproposedbytheCensusBureaubutconductedbytheJointPrograminSurvey   MethodologyattheUniversityofMarylandinconsultationwiththeCensusBureau,withfunding   fromtheNationalScienceFoundation.Animportantmotivationforthesesurveyswastogauge   publicsupportfordatasharinginCensus2000.     Twoofthefivestudiessurveyedthetelephonepopulationover18inthe48contiguous \ statesandtheDistrictofColumbia;twosurveyedthetelephonepopulationinall50statesand H theDistrictofColumbia;andthefifthsurveyedthetelephonepopulationofPuertoRico. 4   ThefirststudywascarriedoutbystudentsattheUniversityofMarylandandthe  \ UniversityofMarylandSurveyResearchCenter.Thesecondstudy,whichlargelyreplicatedthe H 1995study,wascarriedoutby_Westat_Ԁin1996,primarilyinordertodeterminehowpublic 4 opiniononthesemattershadchangedinthespaceofayear(_Kerwin_ԀandEdwards,1996).     ThethirdandfourthsurveyswerecarriedoutbyTheGallupOrganizationasa  subcontractortotheUniversityofMichigan.ThesurveyswerecarriedoutbetweenJulyand  Octoberof1999andbetweenAprilandJulyof2000.Thetimeperiodswerechosentocoincide,  first,withtheperiodjustbeforethelaunchingofanintensivepublicitycampaignaboutthe2000 l census,andsecond,withtheperiodimmediatelyfollowingthedeliveryofcensusformsinMarch X  2000.Severalweekslater,inasearchforinformationthatmightshedlightonthelowcensus D!  returnratefromPuertoRico,theCensusBureaucommissionedaseparatesmallsurveyofPuerto 0"! Ricantelephonehouseholds,usingtheSpanishlanguagequestionnairethathadbeenprepared #l" forthe1999and2000studies.Thefirstfoursurveysusedlistassistedrandomdigitdialingand $X# surveyedthenoninstitutionalizedpopulation18andoverresidingintelephonehouseholds;the $D $ PuertoRicosurveywaslikewisedoneusingrandomdigitdialingbutwithoutlistassistance.The %0!% responseratetothe1999and2000mainlandsurveyswere61.9percentand61.1percent, &"& respectively;theresponserateforPuertoRicowas57.9percent. '#'   Below,wesummarizethefindingsunderfourmainheadings:TrendsinResponses,1995 )$) 2000;ChangeinAttitudes,19992000;AttitudesandBehavior;andAttitudestowardtheCensus |*%* inPuertoRico. h+&+ P  e   TrendsinResponses,19952000 e    `     h      p      x  uc  ucͬ"0    Onedistinctpatternofattitudechangeisapparentwithrespecttoknowledgeand = awarenessofthecensus,measuredbyquestionsthataskedhowimportantitwastocount ) thepopulation,whetherpeoplehadheardoftheundercount,whethertheywereawareof  theusesofthecensusandofthecensuslongform,andhowimportantitwastocooperate   withthecensus.Thesequestionsshowsmallfluctuationsbetween1995and1999,and   thenlargechangesbetween1999and2000,allinthedirectionofgreaterknowledgeand  t awareness.Undoubtedly,thispatternisattributabletowhathasbeenreferredtoasthe  `  censusclimatethehugeamountofmediaattentiongeneratedbythecensusinthe  L  decennialyear.Otherthingsbeingequal,theseresponsesarelikelytoreturnto normal  8  bythemiddleofthedecade.ucͬ݌$ (#(# Ќ    uc  ucR"0    Anotherpatternofresponsescharacterizesquestionstappingknowledgespecifically a  aboutCensusBureauconfidentialitypracticesquestionsthatinquireintoknowledgeof M  laws,orbeliefsaboutpractices.Allofthesequestionsshowedsmallbutsignificant 9  trendsinthedirectionofgreateraccuracy.Withtwoexceptions,mostofthesearerather % evenlyspreadoverthefiveyearsanddonotappeartobeattributabletotheCensus  Bureauspublicrelationscampaign.Theexceptionsarecorrectresponsestothequestion  whetherotheragenciescangetidentifiedcensusdata,whichincreasedfrom12.2percent  to17.3percentbetween1999and2000,andadeclineinincorrectresponsestothe p questionwhethertheCensusBureauisrequiredbylawtokeepinformationconfidential.ucRm݌\(#(# Ќ    uc  uc"0    ParallelingthispatternofanincreaseovertimeinknowledgeabouttheCensusBureaus 4 confidentialitypracticesisasignificantincreaseovertimeinthepercentagesayingthey   wouldbebothered alotiftheircensusdataweresharedwithanyoneoutsidetheCensus q  Bureau,aswellasadeclineinapprovalofdatasharingforallthreeofthepurposesasked ] about(toreducetheundercount,toeliminatethecensus,andtoreplacethelongform).uc݌I(#(# Ќ  uc  ucI"0    ExpressedwillingnesstoprovideonesSocialSecuritynumberdeclinedbetween1996 ! and1999,withnofurtherchangein2000.ucId݌ (#(# Ќ    uc  ucv"0    Increaseddisapprovalofdatasharingwasnotparalleledeitherbyincreasingdistrustof !  theusestowhichcensusdatamightbeput,orbyincreasingconcernsaboutprivacyin "l! general,orbydecliningtrustingovernment.Twoofthreequestionsaboutpossible #X" misuseofcensusdatashowedasignificantdeclineindistrustbetween1999and2000. $D # ThequestionaskingwhetherpeopletrusttheCensusBureautokeepdataconfidential(if %0!$ theycorrectlyperceivedthattherewerelawsgoverningconfidentiality)showedno &"% significantchange.Thequestionaskingwhetherthecensusshortformisaninvasionof m'#& privacyshowedasmallsignificantdeclinebetween1995and2000,andanindexof Y(#' generalconcernsaboutprivacyalsodeclinedslightlybutsignificantlybetween1995and E)$( 2000.Finally,peoplestrustin thegovernmentinWashingtonshowedasmall, 1*%) significantincreasebetween1996and2000afterdecliningfrom1995to1996.ucv݌+&*(#(# Ќ   ,(, W  e   ChangeinAttitudes,19992000 e uc  uc "0    Anumberofsignificantchangesinattitudesoccurredduringthetenmonthsseparating = thetwosurveys.Peoplesawarenessoftheusestowhichthecensusisputincreased,as ) didtheimportancetheyattachedtoit.Althoughtherewasnochangebetween1999and  2000inthepercentageafifthofthepopulationwhoconsideredthecensusaninvasion   ofprivacy,therewasasignificantdeclineinthebeliefthatcensusdatawerelikelytobe   misused,andasignificantincreaseinthepercentageofthoseperceiving,correctly,that  t othergovernmentagenciescouldnotgetcensusdataidentifiedbynameandaddress.The  ` percentageofthosewhoknewthattheCensusBureauisrequiredbylawtoprotectthe  L  confidentialityofthedataitcollects(orforbiddenbylawtodiscloseit)alsoincreased  8  significantly.Thesechangesare,inalllikelihood,attributabletopublicityaboutthe $  censuscommissionedorstimulatedbytheCensusBureau,sinceinmostcasesthey u  reverseordramaticallyacceleratetrendsapparentfrom1995to1999.uc (݌a (#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Atthesametime,anumberofrelatedquestionsshowednosignificantchangebetween 9  1999and2000,eventhoughthemessagesdisseminatedbyCensusBureaumighthave % beenexpectedtohaveanimpactonresponsestoatleastsomeofthem.First,and  perhapsmostimportant,therewasnosignificantincreaseinthepercentageofthosewho  saidtheythinkthegovernmentprotectstheconfidentialityofthedata.(Giventheother  findingscitedhere,weareinclinedtointerprettheabsenceofchangeinresponsestothis p questionassignifyingthatittappedanelementoftrustratherthanawarenessor \ knowledgeaboutthelaw.)Norwasthereasignificantincreaseinthepercentageofthose H sayingtheytrusttheCensusBureautokeepdataconfidential.Thisquestionwasasked 4 onlyofthosewhoanswered,correctly,thattheCensusBureauisrequiredbylawto   protecttheconfidentialityofthedataitcollects(orpreventedbylawfromdisclosingit), q  percentagesthatdidshowasignificantincreasebetweenthetwoyears.Norwasthere ] anychangeinthegeneralizedtrustwhichpeopleexpressedinthefederalgovernment.In I general,thatis,peoplesfeelingsprovedtobemuchmoreimpervioustochangethan 5 theirknowledgeorbeliefs.uc݌!(#(# Ќ  uc  uc "0    AseriesofquestionspertainingdirectlytowillingnesstohavetheCensusBureauuse   datafromotheragenciestofixtheundercount,eliminatetheneedforacensusaltogether, !  oreliminatetheneedforansweringquestionsonthelongformeithershowednochange "l! between1999and2000or,inthecaseofwillingnesstohaveagenciessharedatato #X" eliminatethecensus,showedasignificantdecline.Similarly,willingnesstoprovide $D # onesSocialSecuritynumberinordertofacilitatesuchsharingshowednosignificant %0!$ changebetweenthesetwoyears.Itishardtoknowhowtointerpretthesefindings.A &"% significantdeclineinwillingnesstohaveagenciessharedata,andtoprovideonesSocial m'#& Securitynumber,hadbeenapparentsince1995or1996.Thefactthatthistrendappears Y(#' tohavebeenhalted,ifnotreversed,between1999and2000isperhapsattributable E)$( indirectlytotheimpactoftheCensusBureausoutreachcampaign. x uc ;݌1*%)(#(# Ќ    ,'+ AK<  Aee A  uc  uc"0    Finally,theredoesnotappeartohavebeenanincreasebetween1999and2000inconcern  abouteitherprivacyingeneralorcensusrelatedinformation.Anindicatorofgeneralized  privacyconcernsactuallyshowedasmallbutsignificantdeclinebetween1999and2000.uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  ucb"0    Bettereducatedrespondentsin1999and2000weremoreknowledgeableaboutthe  censusandconsidereditmoreimportantthanthosewithlesseducation;theyexpressed  fewerprivacyconcernsandwerelesslikelytoseethecensusasaninvasionofprivacyor   tobelievecensusinformationwillbemisused.Theyweresignificantlymorelikelyto  t believethatotheragenciescannotgetidentifiedcensusdataandthattheCensusBureau z ` protectsdataconfidentiality;theyweremorewillingtohaveagenciesprovidedatatothe f L  CensusBureautoeliminatethelongformandtoprovidetheirSocialSecuritynumberto R 8  makethispossible.ucb}݌>$ (#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Nonwhitesweresignificantlymoreconcernedaboutprivacythanwhites,lesslikelyto   believetheCensusBureauprotectsconfidentiality;lesslikelytobewillingtohave   agenciessharedatatoreducetheundercount,andlesswillingtoprovidetheirSocial   Securitynumber.Atthesametime,theyweremorelikelytoseethecensusasimportant  thanwhites.uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc8"0    SelfidentificationasHispanichad_nonsignificant_Ԁrelationshipstomanyvariables,but  thosethatweresignificanttendedtoresemblethoseofthebettereducated.uc8S݌p(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Genderhadinconsistenteffectsontheattitudesmeasured.Womenwereless bH knowledgeableaboutthecensusbutconsidereditmoreimportantthanmendo.They N4 weremoreconcernedaboutprivacyingeneralbutlesslikelytobelievethatanswersto :  thecensuswouldbemisused.Andthoughtheyweresignificantlymorelikelythanmen &  tofavordatasharingundercertaincircumstances,theywerelesswillingtoprovidetheir  SocialSecuritynumbertofacilitatethis.uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc^"0    Theeffectsofagewerealsosomewhatinconsistent.Olderpeopleweresignificantly  moreknowledgeableaboutcensususes.Theyhadsignificantlyhigherscoresthan  youngerpeopleonthegeneralprivacyindex(i.e.,theyweremoreconcernedabout   privacy),butweresignificantlymorelikelytobelievethatotheragenciescannotget !  identifieddataandlesslikelytoconsiderthecensusaninvasionofprivacy.Nevertheless, "l! theyweresignificantlylesslikelytotrusttheCensusBureautoupholdconfidentiality r#X" laws(andlesslikelytotrustgovernmentingeneral).Theyweresignificantlylesslikely ^$D # thanyoungerpeopletoapproveofanyformofdatasharing,yettheyweresignificantly J%0!$ morewillingtoprovidetheirSocialSecuritynumbertofacilitatesuchsharing.uc^y݌6&"%(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Likeolderpeople,thosewithhigherincomeshadsignificantlygreaterconcernsabout (#' privacyandweresignificantlylesslikelythanthosewithlowerincomestotrustthe ($( CensusBureautoupholdconfidentialitylaws.Yettheywerealsosignificantlylesslikely )%) thanthosewithlowerincomestothinkresponsestothecensuswouldbeusedagainst *&* people.Theiranswerstothedatasharingquestionsareinconsistent.uc݌+'+(#(# Ќ   ,(, [     _uc  ucz"0    Thosereportingexposuretobothpositiveandnegativepublicityweremore  knowledgeableaboutthecensusandconsideredthecensusmoreimportantthanthose  reportingnoexposure;theywerealsomorelikelytobelievethattheCensusBureau  protectsconfidentialityandtothinkthateveryonehasanobligationtocooperatewiththe  census.Buttheyalsohadsignificantlymoreconcernsaboutprivacy.ucz݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Thosereportingonlynegativeexposuredifferedverylittlefromthosereportingboth   positiveandnegativeexposure,buttheywerelesslikelytobelievetheCensusBureaus  t confidentialityassurancesandtoendorsetheobligationtocooperatewiththecensus.uc݌z `(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Incontrast,thosereportingexposuretopositivepublicityonlydifferedsignificantlyon R 8  mostvariablesfromthosereportingexposuretobothpositiveandnegativepublicity,in >$  alllikelihoodbecausetheyreceivedtheirinformationfromCensusBureausourcesrather *  thanthemassmedia.Theyconsideredthecensusmoreimportantandweremoretrusting   oftheCensusBureausconfidentialityassurances,aswellasmorelikelytoprovidetheir   SocialSecuritynumber.uc݌ (#(# Ќ  AttitudesandBehavior    uc  uc"0    2906of3676respondentstothe1999and2000surveysprovidedapotentiallymatchable  addresstotheCensusBureau.Ofthese,theCensusBureaumatched2182,or75percent, p atthehouseholdlevel.Theanalysisofattitudesandbehaviorisbasedonthese2182 v\ respondents,whoconstitute59.7percentoftheoriginalsample.uc݌bH(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Returnratesamongthosewhoseaddressescouldbematchedtocensusfileswere85.6 :  percentin1999and86.2percentin2000,whichishigherthanforthepopulationasa &  whole(finalreturnratesarenotyetavailablefromtheCensusBureau).uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  ucc"0    Amongthedemographiccharacteristics,ageandeducationweresignificantinpredicting  returnofthecensusforminboththe1999and2000surveys,witholderrespondentsand  bettereducatedrespondentsmorelikelytoreturnthecensusform.Formtypewasalso  highlysignificant;thosereceivingthelongformwereonlyabouthalfaslikelytoreturn   thecensusformasthosereceivingtheshortform.Inaddition,inthe2000sample,ucc~݌! (#(# Ќ  0  nonwhitesweresignificantlylesslikelytoreturntheircensusform,aswererespondents "l! fromtheNortheast;andinthe1999sample,womenweresignificantlymorelikelytodo r#X" so.^$D #(#(# uc  uc"0    Amongrespondentsinterviewedin2000,thebeliefthatthecensusmaybemisusedby 6&"% lawenforcementagencies,andconcernsaboutprivacy,significantlypredictedthereturn "'#& ofthecensusform.Amongrespondentsinterviewedin1999,willingnesstoprovide (#' onesSocialSecuritynumber,andtheneedtoimputeincome,weresignificantpredictors.uc݌($((#(# Ќ   ( !#$%&'(Bx4J"3"  32B3  0    Selfreportedexposuretopositivepublicityaboutthecensuspositivelyaffectedchangein *&* knowledge,beliefs,andattitudestowardthecensusandtheCensusBureau,butwefound +'+ nodirecteffectoncensusreturns.3݌,(,(#(# _[  _ _  ь  uc  uc"0    Becauseofthelargenumberofunmatchedrespondents,wealsoexaminedpredictorsof   matchabilitythelikelihoodthatarespondentsaddresswouldbematchedinCensus  Bureaufiles.Thepredictorsvariedsomewhatfromyeartoyear.Amongthe  demographicpredictors,agewaspredictivein1999;Hispanicethnicityandincomewere  significantin2000.Regionalsohadsignificanteffects.uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc "0    Inboth1999and2000,thosewhoconsideredthecensusaninvasionofprivacywereless   likelytobematched,whereasthosewhowerewillingtoprovidetheirSocialSecurity  t numberandwhoapprovedofusingadministrativerecordstoreducetheundercountwere z ` significantlymorelikelytobematched.Thus,thefindingsinthissectionprobably f L  understatetheextenttowhichconcernsaboutprivacyandconfidentialitynegatively R 8  affectcooperationwiththecensus.uc %݌>$ (#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Clearly,thereisnooneforonerelationshipbetweenattitudesandbehavior.   Nevertheless,privacyattitudesdosignificantlyaffectbehavior,notonlyinreturningthe   censusformbutalsoinprovidingaddressestoasurveyorganization.uc݌ (#(# Ќ  AttitudestowardtheCensusinPuertoRico  uc  uc"0    ResidentsofPuertoRicoconsideredthecensusmoreimportant;believeditwasmore  importanttoaskthedemographicquestions;werelesslikelytoseeaskingabout p demographiccharacteristicsasaninvasionofprivacy;andexpressedastronger v\ obligationtocooperatewiththecensusthantherestoftheUnitedStatespopulation.Not bH unexpectedly,theywerelessawareofcensususes,ofthe1990undercount,andofthe N4 existenceofalongcensusform.uc݌: (#(# Ќ  _uc  uc{"0    RespondentsinPuertoRicowerelesslikelytobelievethattheCensusBureaushares  identifieddatawithothergovernmentagenciesandfarmorelikelytobelievethatit  protectsdataconfidentiality.uc{݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    RespondentsinPuertoRicoweremorelikelythanotherUnitedStatesrespondentsto  favordatasharingforallthreeoftheusesaskedabout:reducingtheundercount,   eliminatingthecensus,andeliminatingtheneedforthelongform.Theywerealsomore !  willingtoprovidetheirSocialSecuritynumber.uc݌"l!(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Ingeneral,respondentsinPuertoRicoexpressedlessconcernaboutprivacyandmore ^$D # trustingovernment.uc ݌J%0!$(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Insum,attitudestowardthecensus,andtowardprivacyandconfidentiality,expressedby "'#& thePuertoRicosampledonotappeartoaccountforthelowerthanexpectedresponse (#' ratetothe2000censusinPuertoRico.Itispossiblethattheattitudesexpresseddonot ($( trulyreflecttheattitudesheld.Itisalsopossiblethat_nonrespondents_Ԁtothesurveythe )%) 43percentofthesamplewhodidnotanswerthesurvey,andthose(roughlyonethirdof *&* thepopulation)whodonotownatelephonemayholdattitudesquitedifferentfrom +'+ thosereportedhere.uc݌,(,(#(# Ќ  ConclusionsandRecommendationsforFutureResearch  uc  uc"0    Exceptintheperiodsurroundingthedecennialcensus,whenpublicityaboutthecensusis  atitsheight,knowledgeandbeliefsabouttheCensusBureauandattitudestowardprivacy  andconfidentialityshowonlysmallyeartoyearchanges.uc݌ (#(# Ќ  uc  uc6 "0    Knowledge,beliefs,andattitudesareallresponsivetoselfreportedexposuretoboth z ` positiveandnegativepublicityaboutthecensus.uc6 Q ݌f L (#(# Ќ  uc  uc_ "0    Approvalofdatasharingamongfederalagencies,aswellaswillingnesstoprovideones >$  SocialSecuritynumbertofacilitatesuchsharing,havedeclinedconsistentlysince1995to *  anextentgreaterthanwouldbeexpectedfromthetrendinprivacyrelatedattitudes.uc_ z ݌ (#(# Ќ  uc  uc! "0    BeliefsaboutCensusBureauconfidentialitypracticesandconcernsaboutprivacyare   reliablepredictorsofbehavior,predictingbothcensusreturnsandtheabilitytomatch  respondentssurveyanswerstotheircensusform.uc! < ݌(#(# Ќ  Giventhesegeneralconclusions,werecommendthefollowingresearchbytheCensusBureau:  uc  uc("0    Continuetomonitortrendsinknowledge,beliefs,andattitudes,butlessfrequently.uc(C݌v\(#(# Ќ  uc  uc "0    Between2001and2005,design,conduct,andanalyzesmallscaleresearchthatdevelops N4 andthentestsmoreeffectivewaysofcommunicatingtheCensusBureausconfidentiality :  practicestothegeneralpublic.uc &݌& (#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    ConductqualitativeresearchonimpedimentstotrustintheCensusBureauandinthe  governmentmoregenerally,andonwaysinwhichfeelingsoftrustmightbeenhanced.uc݌(#(# Ќ  uc  uc"0    Conductmethodologicalresearchthatattemptstoquantifytheimpactof_nonresponse_Ԁon  thesubstantivefindingsreportedinthesurveysofprivacyattitudes.uc݌ (#(# Ќ   ( !#$%&'(Byx( !#$%&'"3"  32B3  0    Becauseattitudestowardprivacyandconfidentialityaccountforonlyasmallpartofthe "l! varianceincensusmailreturns,designandconductresearchtoidentifyandreduceother r#X" responsebarriers.KXz(XXXz(3݌^$D #(#(# Ќ    #Xz(XXKXz(# 4,(. ЇBACKGROUND |b     TheCensusBureauhascommissionedfourstudiesofpublicattitudestowardthecensus,  towarddatasharingbygovernmentagenciestoimprovetheaccuracyoftheenumerationor  reduceburden,andtowardissuesofconfidentialityandprivacy.Afifthstudyactuallythefirst  intheserieswasconductedindependentlybytheUniversityofMarylandwithCensusBureau   input.  Animportantmotivationforthesesurveyswastogaugepublicsupportfordatasharingin  t the2000census. z `    Twoofthefivestudiessurveyedthetelephonepopulationover18inthecontiguous R 8  UnitedStates;twosurveyedthetelephonepopulationinthefiftystatesandtheDistrictof >$  Columbia;thefifthsurveyedthetelephonepopulationofPuertoRico. *    Thefirststudywasconductedin1995bytheUniversityofMarylandsJointProgramin   SurveyMethodologyinconsultationwiththeCensusBureau(PresserandSinger,1995;Singer   andPresser,1996).Thesecondstudy,whichlargelyreplicatedthe1995study,wascarriedoutby  _Westat_Ԁin1996,primarilyinordertodeterminehowpublicopiniononthesemattershadchanged  inthespaceofayear(_Kerwin_ԀandEdwards1996;Singer,Presser,andVan_Hoewyk_,1997;  SingerandPresser1997;Presser,SingerandVan_Hoewyk_,2000).    ThethirdandfourthsurveyswerecarriedoutbyTheGallupOrganizationasa v\ subcontractortotheUniversityofMichigan.ThesurveyswerecarriedoutbetweenJulyand bH Octoberof1999andbetweenAprilandJulyof2000.Thetimeperiodswerechosentocoincide, N4 first,withtheperiodjustbeforethelaunchingofanintensivepublicitycampaignaboutCensus :  2000,andsecond,withtheperiodimmediatelyfollowingthedeliveryofcensusformsinMarch &  2000.Severalweekslater,inasearchforinformationthatmightshedlightonthelowcensus  returnratefromPuertoRico,theCensusBureaucommissionedaseparatesmallsurveyofPuerto  Ricotelephonehouseholds,usingtheSpanishlanguagequestionnairethathadbeenpreparedfor  the1999and2000studies.    Thisreportconsistsoffivechapters.Thefirstdescribesthemethodsusedinthe1999    2000studies,pointingoutchangesfromthoseusedinthetwoearlierstudies.Thesecond !! analyzestrendsinkeyresponsesoverthefourstudies.Thethirdexamineschangesinattitudes "l" between1999and2000,whentheCensusBureaulaunchedanextensiveandexpensivepublic r#X# relationscampaigndesignedtoprovidereasonsforrespondingtothecensusandtoaddressthe ^$D $ publicsconfidentialityconcerns.Thisanalysiscontrolsforavarietyofdemographic J%0!% characteristics.Italsoexaminestheeffectsofexposuretonegativepublicityaboutthecensus 6&"& whicheruptedduringthefirstweekafterthecensusformshadbeendeliveredtohouseholds. "'#' Thefourthchapterexaminespredictorsofreturningthecensusform,usingtheresultsofa (#( matchingprocedurecarriedoutbytheCensusBureauandcontrollingforrespondents ($) demographiccharacteristics.Finally,Chapter5presentstheresultsofthePuertoRicosurvey,as )%* wellaskeycomparisonswithresultsforthecontinentalU.S.  *&+   OY@Oa<1.METHODS  &  Thischapterdescribesthemethodsusedtoconductthe1999and2000surveys,including  thesurveyofPuertoRico.Itdescribesthedevelopmentofthesurveyinstrument,thesampling  design,thedatacollectionprocess,theresponserate,andweightingactivities.  1.1SurveyInstrument     Thesurveyquestionnaireusedin1999and2000wasessentiallythesameasthatusedin z ` 1996,withafewexceptions.Becausesomanypeopleintheearliersurveyshadindicatedthey f L  didnotknowwhethertheCensusBureausharedidentifiedresponseswithotheragencies,and R 8  thosewhodidprofesstoknowoverwhelminglychosethewronganswer,severalexperimental >$  variationswereintroducedintothe1999questionnairetoprobethisissuefurther.Also,because *  someoftheprivacyrelatedquestionsfirstaskedin1995weredroppedfromthe1996surveyto   savetime,thesequestionswereaddedbackin1999and2000inordertoprovidemeasuresof   changeintheseattitudes.Finally,someoftheexperimentswithquestionwordingandorder   whichwereshownnottoaffectresponsesin1996weredroppedfromthe1999and2000  instruments.    Inanefforttoincreasetheresponseratebeyondthatobtainedin1996,theinstrumentwas  translatedintoSpanishtopermitinterviewingSpanishspeakingrespondentsintheirnative p language.ThetranslationwascheckedforaccuracyattheUniversityofMichigan,andbilingual v\ interviewerswereassignedtorespondentswhopreferredtobeinterviewedinSpanish. bH   TheinstrumentwasthenprogrammedintoGallupscomputerassistedtelephone :  interviewing(_CATI_)system,whichincludesstandardsoftwareformanagingrandomdigitdial &  (_RDD_)samples,householdenumerationandrespondentselection,andquestionnaire  management.Thesurveycalledforseveralwordingexperiments.Inallofthese,respondents  wererandomlyassignedtoexperimentalconditions.  1.2Xz(XXXz(SampleDesign    Boththe1999andthe2000surveyswereconductedwithsamplesofindividualsaged18 !  orolderinU.S.households.Thesesamplesweredrawnusingalistassisted_RDD_Ԁmethod. "l!   Gallupusedalistassistedprobabilitydesignthatgaveequalprobabilitiesofselectionto ^$D # alltelephonenumbersineligibleblocksoftelephonenumbers.Blocksaresetsof100 J%0!$ consecutivetelephonenumbersthatsharetheirfirsteightdigits.Theeligibleblockswereones 6&"% thatserveareaswithinthefiftystatesandtheDistrictofColumbiaandthatcontainatleastone "'#& listedresidentialnumber.Thistechniqueprovidescoverageofvirtuallyalloftheresidential (#' telephonehouseholdsinthecontinentalUnitedStates(approximately94percent). ($(   Thesampleiscreatedbyfirstselecting100bankssystematicallyfromtheframeof *&* eligiblebanks.Thenumberofbanksselectedwasequaltothesamplesize.(Theuseof +'+ systematicsamplingensuresthatnomorethanonenumberisselectedforthesamplefromany ,(, @Oa @ @  givenbank.)Thelasttwonumbersarethenrandomlygeneratedtocreateafulltendigit  telephonenumber.Thismethodensuresthateverypossibletelephonenumberwithinalleligible  bankshasanequalprobabilityofselection.Forthe1999survey,asampleof4,830numberswas  selectedfromtheframe.Becausethatsampleyieldedonly1,681completedinterviewsinsteadof  theanticipated2,000interviews,alargersample5,936numberswasdrawnforthe2000survey.    ForthePuertoRicosample,thetargetpopulationcomprisedadultsaged18orolder   livinginPuertoRico.Sinceinformationonthenumberofdirectorylistedresidentialtelephone  t numbersisnotavailableattheexchangeoratthe100banklevelinPuertoRico,itwasnot z ` possibletousea#Xz(XXXz(1#Xz(XXXz( listassisted#Xz(XXXz(l:#Xz(XXXz(Ԁsamplingprocedure.Instead,thesampleoftelephonenumbers f L  wasdrawnusingapure_RDD_Ԁmethod.Forthepurposeof_RDD_Ԁsampling,thesamplingframe R 8  wasconstructedbyincludingallactiveexchangesinPuertoRico.SurveySampling,Inc.(SSI) >$  identifiestheactiveexchangesbasedoninformationreceivedfrom_Telcordia_Ԁandeachtelephone *  exchangeisassignedtothecountyormunicipalityitservices.Allindividualtelephonenumbers   inthesamplewerethencreatedusinga4digitrandomizationprocessbyaddingarandomly   generated4digitcombinationtoavalid(oractive)areacode/exchangecombination(6digits).   Nostratification(byUrban/Ruralorbyanyothercharacteristics)withinPuertoRicowasusedfor  samplingtelephonenumbers.    Samplingwitha4digitrandomizationprocessdoesnotyieldthesamehighworking  telephonenumberratesthatSSI'sotherlistassistedsamplingmethodsusedinUnitedStates p yield.TohelpincreasethedialingefficiencyofPuertoRicosample,theselectedsamplewas v\ screenedusingSSI'ssamplescreeningservice.Thisappearstohavecausedsomeminorvariation bH inthepercentageofthesamplechosenfromdifferentFederalInformationProcessingStandards N4 codesrelativetothegeneralpopulation.Theoveralltelephonecoveragerateofhouseholdsin :  PuertoRicoisabout63.5percent.ForPuertoRico,asampleof3,375numbers(afterscreening) &  wasdrawntoyield500completedinterviews.Theworkingnumberrateonthesamplewas37  percent.    Forallthreesurveys,alleligiblerespondents(adultsage18orolder)wereenumeratedby  gender,fromoldestadulttoyoungestadult,witharandomrespondentselectedfromthoselisted.  #Xz(XXXz(:#f1.3fCXz(XXXz(TrainingandDataCollection !    Immediatelypriortodatacollectionforthe1999survey,afourhourtrainingsessionwas r#X" conductedtopreparetwentyinterviewersfortheadministrationofthesurvey.Gallupproject ^$D # staffpreparedtrainingmaterialstofamiliarizeinterviewerswithallaspectsofthetask.These J%0!$ materialsincludedaninterviewersmanualwhichdescribedthebackgroundandpurposeofthe 6&"% project,providedanswerstocommonlyaskedquestions,andpresentedquestionbyquestion "'#& specifications. (#'   Thetrainingsessionwassplitintoseveralcomponents.First,Gallupprojectstaffand )%) UniversityofMichiganprojectstaffreviewedthebackgroundoftheprojectanddescribedthe *&* methodstobeusedtocollecttheinformation,includingspecialmethodsthatwerebeing +'+ <    implementedtoachievehighresponserates(seesectiononResponseEnhancementfora  discussionofthesemethods).Becausetherespondentselectionprocedurewassomewhat  complex,theinterviewersthenengagedinaroleplayingactivitytopracticerespondentselection  procedures.Nexttheinterviewersreadthroughthequestionnaireasagroup,withGallupproject  staffhighlightingspecificquestionsthatmightrequiretheinterviewertohaveextraknowledge.  Gallupprojectstaffthenreviewedtheimportanceofachievinghighresponseratesandasked  interviewerstoreacttoseveralscenariosinwhichpotentialrespondentsmightexpressreluctance   toparticipateinthesurvey.  t   Finally,interviewerssplitintodyadstopracticeadministeringthequestionnaire.Within f L  eachdyad,onetraineeperformedtheroleoftheinterviewerwhiletheotheractedasthe R 8  respondent.Interviewersweremonitoredbythetrainers,andproblemsrelatedtoadministering >$  thequestionnairewerediscussedattheendofthesession. *    Severalweeksintothedatacollection,theinterviewingteamwasreconvenedfora   specialtrainingsessiononhowtorespondtoreluctance.Thetrainingsessionfollowedthe   formatofafocusgroup,withGallupprojectstaffaskingtheinterviewerstoprovidefeedbackon  thetypesofreluctancetheyhadheardsofar.Onceacompletelistwasgenerated,the  interviewerswereaskedtobrainstormthebestmethodsforrespondingtoeachtypeof  reluctance.Datacollectionbeganforthe1999surveyonJuly14,1999andlastedapproximately  12weeks. p   Whilemostoftheinterviewerswhoworkedonthe1999surveyalsoreturnedtoworkon bH the2000survey,someadditionalinterviewersneededtobetrainedforthatsurvey.All N4 interviewers,regardlessofwhethertheyhadworkedontheearliersurveyornot,wereaskedto :  attendatwohourtrainingsession.Inadditiontothemethodsdescribedabove,interviewerswho &  hadworkedonthe1999surveywereaskedtolendtheirexperiencestohelptrainthosewhohad  not.Datacollectionforthe2000surveybeganonApril7,2000andlastedapproximately  thirteenweeks.    FortheparallelstudyofPuertoRico,ateamofsevenSpanishspeakinginterviewerswas  trainedbyGallupprojectstaffpriortobeginningdatacollection.Theteamwastakenthrough   thesametrainingproceduresastheEnglishspeakingteamforthe1999survey.PuertoRico !  datacollectionbeganonMay16,2000andlastedapproximatelyeightweeks.  "l! &           1.4#Xz(XXXz(C#ResponseRateEnhancementsXz(XXXz( ^$D #  ceTThang     'r#T     Inordertomaximizetheresponserateachievedonthesesurveysseveraltechniqueswere 2&"% implementedthatthesurveyliteraturesuggestscanincreaseresponserates U(Bricketal;1997)#Xz(XXXz(=U#Xz(XXXz(. '#&          (4y( !#$%&'H.4` <DL!XXH0    0(#(#  _Prenotification_Ԁbyfirstclassletter: Areversedirectorylookupwasperformedonallsample ($( telephonenumbersintheU.S.totrytolocateanaddressforthehousehold.Addresses )%) werelocatedforroughly33percentofthesamplein1999and42percentin2000,whena *&* manuallookupwasusedtosupplementtheautomatedsearch.Ifanaddresswasfound,a +'+ OY    _prenotification_ԀlettersignedbythedirectoroftheCensusBureauwasmailedoutonJuly  12,1999andonMarch31,2000.BothlettersinformedthehouseholdthataGallup  interviewerwouldbecalling.Becauseofinterviewerworkloadissues,portionsofthe  2000samplewerenotworkedimmediatelyfollowingthemailingofthe_prenotification_ t letter.Tocounterthepossibleeffectsofarespondentnotrecallingtheletterthatwas ` mailed,asecondadvanceletterwassentonMay15,2000tosamplenumbersthathadnot L  beencontactedasofthatdate.BecausenoreliablereversedirectoriesexistinPuerto 8  Rico,addresslookupscouldnotbeperformedthere,andnoadvancelettercouldbesent.$ t(#(# 0    Answeringmachinemessageatfirstattempt :Leavingamessageatthefirstcontactonlyhas  L  beenfoundtobeeffective,relativetonotleavinganymessageatall.Leavingamessage  8  seemstoservethepurposeofseparatingthecallfrom_telemarketers_.Leavinglonger $  messagesmayevensubstituteforthe_prenotification_Ԁletter.Interviewerswereaskedto   leaveanansweringmachinemessageonthefirstattemptonanumber.Interviewersleft   thefollowingmessage: Hello,thisis(FIRSTNAME)callingfromTheGallup   Organization.WeareconductingastudyfortheU.S.CensusBureautofindoutyour   opinionsonwhethergovernmentagencieskeepinformationaboutpeopleprivate.Iwill p callbackagainsowecangetyourhelpinthisimportantresearch.Thankyou.\(#(# 0W       0    Modifyintroduction :Sincemostreluctantrespondentsrefusewithinthefirst23sentencesof 4 theintroduction,itisimportanttomentioninthosesentencesanythingthatishelpingto  p gettherespondenttostayontheline.Thisisgenerallybelievedtobe:1)thesponsorof  \ thestudy,2)theorganizationconductingtheinterviews,3)thetopicofthesurvey,and4) H whythesurveyisimportant.Theinitialsurveyintroductiononthisstudymentioned1,2, 4 and3.Moredetailsabouttheimportanceofthesurveyweregiveniftherespondenthad   notreceivedthe_prenotification_Ԁletter. (#(# 0    Transitionbetweenintroductionandenumeration: Askingrespondentstoreportaboutthe  compositionofthehousehold,especiallyatthebeginningwhenrapportisjustbeing  developed,canbeseenasintrusive.Itisusefulthereforetoplacesome bufferitems l beforetheenumerationthatarerelativelyneutralandmaybeofsomeinteresttothe X  respondent.Questionsaboutparticipationingovernmentsurveyswereaddedbeforethe D! enumerationtoengagetherespondent.0" (#(# Ѐ0    Lengthenthefieldperiod: Thereareseveraladvantagestoalongerfieldperiod.Themain $X" benefitisthatitallowsformoretimetoconductrefusalconversionandfinalize $D # _noncontacts_.The1996SurveyofPrivacyAttitudesextendedtheoriginalsixweekfield %0!$ periodtoelevenweeks,increasingtheresponseratefrom58percentto64percent.The &"% 1999surveyhadafieldperiodofapproximatelytwelveweekstoallowampletimeto '#& workthesample.The2000surveylastedapproximatelythirteenweeks,andthePuerto (#' Ricostudylastedapproximatelyeightweeks.)$((#(# 0    h+&*(#(# 0   Targetedprioritymailingforrefusals :Sincemostrefusalsfallintotwoorthreecategories(e.g.,   notime, notinterested),aspecialletterwasdevelopedthatemphasizedparticular  argumentswhytherespondentshouldcooperateandsenttorespondentsviaprioritymail.  Interviewersonthisstudywereaskedtorecordreasonsforreluctance,andthenatargeted t letterwasmailedoutviaprioritymailtoanycaseforwhichanaddresswasavailable. ` Forthe1999survey,theletterwasmailedonAugust18,1999andonSeptember20, L  1999.Forthe2000survey,theletterwasmailedonMay15,2000andJune14,2000. 8  LetterswerenotmailedtothePuertoRicosample,asaddresseswerenotavailablefor $ t thatsample. `(#(# 0  Wewereabletoconvert62percentofreluctantrespondentswhoreceivedaletter,  8  comparedwith42percentofthosewhodidnot.(Sincetheserespondentsdifferedin $  otherways,wecannotattributethedifferenceinconversiononlytotheletters;norcanwe   becertainthatsendingthembyprioritymailwasmoreeffectivethananordinaryletter   wouldhavebeen.) (#(# K.4` <DL!4, XK0    Specializedinterviewertrainingforreluctantrespondents: Intensetrainingonhowtohandle p reluctantrespondentscanresultinsignificantimprovementincooperationrates.Several \ weeksintodatacollectionin1999,theinterviewerswerereconvenedforaspecial H trainingsessiontofocusondealingwithreluctantrespondents.Thetrainingincluded 4 bothlec_ture_Ԁandasetofroleplayingactivitiesthatemphasizedquicklyanswering  p respondentsconcerns.Onlythebestinterviewerswithintheteamwereallowedto  \ _recontact_Ԁrefusalsforrefusalconversion.H(#(# #Xz(XXXz(V# 1.5Xz(XXXz(ResponseRates      Thefinaloutcomesofcallattemptstothesampledtelephonenumbersforthethree  surveysarelistedbelow.Theresponseratesarecalculatedbydividingthenumberofcompleted  interviewsbythesumtotalofinterviews,refusals,other_nonresponse_,andtheestimatednumber  ofeligiblesamongthe_noncontacts_. l #Xz(XXXz(u#Xz(XXXz(  h+&* * ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,ZZ@,ZZ@,ZZ@,ZZ@+  1' C1 I?C <@1999C<@IЀ1999 j`3C" <@1999 <@ @@2000C@@jЀ2000 H>3C" @@2000 @@ CHЀPuertoRico :0C" C:Samplednumbers I?C ޲@4830C޲@I4,830 j`3C3 ޲@4830 ޲@ 0@5936C0@j5,936 j`3C3 0@5936 0@ ^@3375C^@j3,375 [Q9 C3 ^@3375 ^@ C[Ineligible 't C C' 't C3 C' 't C3 C' :0t C3 C:ЀNonresidential H>`C @896C@H896 i_2`C3 @896 @ 4@1101C4@i1,101 i_3`C3 4@1101 4@ p~@487Cp~@i487 ZP8`C3 p~@487 p~@ CZЀ_Nonworking_ H>L C @983C@H983 i_2L C3 @983 @ @1262C@i1,262 j`3L C3 @1262 @ @1465C@j1,465 [Q9L C3 @1465 @ C[_Noncontacts_ '8 C C' '8 C3 C' '8 C3 C' :08 C3 C:ЀNoanswer H>$ tC y@415Cy@H415 h^2$ tC3 y@415 y@ `@502C`@h502 h^2$ tC3 `@502 `@ ps@311Cps@h311 ZP8$ tC3 ps@311 ps@ CZЀAnsweringmachine G= `C  8@24C8@G24 e[1 `C3  8@24 8@  @6C@e6 dZ0 ` C3  @6 @  "@9C"@d9 XN6 `!C3  "@9 "@ CXEligiblenumbers ' L"C C' ' L#C3 C' ' L$C3 C' :0 L%C3 C:ЀLanguageproblem G= 8 &C  I@50CI@G50 g]1 8 'C3  I@50 I@ g@184Cg@g184 g]2 8 (C3 g@184 g@  8@24C8@g24 YO7 8 )C3  8@24 8@ CYЀRefusal H>$ *C r@288Cr@H288 g]2$ +C3 r@288 r@  P@67CP@g67 g]1$ ,C3  P@67 P@ \@114C\@g114 ZP8$ -C3 \@114 \@ CZЀOther_nonresponse_ H> .C ~@493C~@H493 h^2 /C3 ~@493 ~@  @836C @h836 h^2 0C3  @836  @ q@286Cq@h286 ZP8 1C3 q@286 q@ CZЀCompletes I? 2C D@1681CD@I1681 j`3 3C3 D@1681 D@ @1978C@j1978 i_3 4C3 @1978 @ 8@679C8@i679 ZP8 5C3 8@679 8@ CZResponserate ' 6C C'61.9% ' 7C3 C'61.1% ' 8C3 C'57.9%( 9C3 (  Xz(XXXz(XXXXz(Xz(XXX      1.6DevelopmentofBaseWeights p:    Thetwofiftystatestudieswereweightedusingslightlydifferentmethods.Eachis H< describedbelow. 4= y5    Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(  #Xz(XXXz(_w#12    Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(  12    Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(  &  -XabXXXz( 1.6.11999_Survey pr    '     \? #Xz(XX-Xab#uc  uc"0    -XabXXXz(Procedure1 #Xz(XX-XabՏ#/XXXXz(pr      uc݌0A(#(# Ќ  #Xz(XX/X%#tXabXXXz(Thefirstweightwassimplythenumberofadultsinthehousehold:#Xz(XXtXab#/XXXXz(  B   d p 0VFBx \p.@XE \\ \  p.  C uc  uc݌̌  uc    &  #Xz(XX/X#-XabXXXz( uc"0    Procedure2 #Xz(XX-Xab6#/XXXXz(pr    '*  ucX݌*zE(#(# Ќ  XXX/X.Xz(XXX  u  #Xz(XX.Xz(#uΔ    Xz(XXXz(/XXXXz(Ԍ̌  GXz(XX/X  Tocompensateforunreachablehouseholds(thosewithnotelephonenumber)andto LG adjustfor_nonresponse_,weightonewasthenadjustedtoasetofcontroltotalsusingraking  8H (IterativeProportionalFitting.)Theadjustmentwasdoneusingfourclassificationvariables !$I derivedfrominterviews,sex,race,education,andage,andonefromthesampleframe,census "J region.ThecontroltotalswerederivedfromtheCurrentPopulationSurvey(CPS)March1999 #K (TotalU.S.NoninstitutionalizedCivilians18+.)Allmissingvaluesofthesevariableswere $L imputedforweightingpurposes.#/XXXGXz(#    /XXX/XXz(XX/X   % M XXXXz(.Xz(XXX  J  J    .Xz(XX.Xz(Xz(XX.Xz(Ԍ̌    -XabXXXz(Thesecondweightisthereforethebaseweightmultipliedbytheadjustmentfactor \'"O obtainedfromtherakingprocedure:    -XabXX-XabXz(XX-Xab   H(#P XXXXz(.Xz(XXX    #Xz(XX.Xz(I#-XabXXXz(  d)$4)$3VFBx \PVp. @XE)PDPD)pD4)$)$ڛ    -XabXX-XabXz(XX-XabԌ 4)$Q Ќ  (    Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(   d+&S uc    &  #Xz(XXXz(#-XabXXXz(uc"0    Procedure3 #Xz(XX-Xabr#/XXXXz(uc݌(#(# Ќ  pr    'C  #Xz(XX/X#HXz(XXXz(  Thethirdweightisanormalizedversionofthesecondweight,whereeachweightwas  dividedbythemeanofalltheweights,thatis: r #Xz(XXHXz(՟#/XXXXz(G 2 2 G #Xz(XX/Xՠ#IXz(XXXz(Ԁ#Xz(XXIXz(E#/XXXXz(Ԁt6eUQz~))7p.-(@X@E77&m2  m #Xz(XX/X#)Xz(XXXz(wherenisthesamplesize.#Xz(XX)Xz(Ƣ#/XXXXz(    e  2/XXX/X/ X/X Z]/ /  Z]   &  _  /XX/ #Xz(XX/X(#-XabXXXz(1.6.22000Survey_0     'e$Ԍ e  Ќ   '      XXX-Xab.Xz(XXX    #Xz(XX.Xz(## mXXz(O#Xz(X m󀀀Theweightsforthe2000studywerecalculatedinaverysimilarfashiontothe1999   weights.However,in2000,respondentswerealsoaskedhowmanyresidentialtelephone   numberstheirhouseholdhad.Thefirstweightwasadjustedtoaccountforthenumberof u  residentialtelephonenumbersinthehousehold,yielding:# mXXz(N#    Xz(X m-XabXXXz(Ԍ a Ќ    y9VFBx \p."@XEyyy  XXX-Xab.Xz(XXX      -XabXX.Xz(wheredL8<VFBx \;p0*x@XEL;;L ;8LԀisthenumberofresidentialtelephonenumbersinthehousehold.Householdswith 8 morethanonetelephonenumberhaveagreaterprobabilityofselectionintothesampleandwere S adjustedaccordingly.Forcaseswherethenumberofresidentialtelephonenumberswasnot ? determined,itwasassumedthatd+{\VFBx \cp.@XEc&c&F+{    -XabXX-Xab-XabXX-XabԌ +{ Ќ       -XabXX-XabXz(XX-Xab  m!XXXXz(.Xz(XXX  $  &  #.Xz(XX.Xz(#-XabXX.Xz( 1.6.3PuertoRico $}݌ m ЌXz(XX-XabXz(XXXz(  XXXXz(.Xz(XXX  x  #.Xz(XX.Xz(ʮ#'mxѯ    .Xz(XX.Xz(Xz(XX.Xz(Ԍ̌  ForthePuertoRicostudytheweightswereconstructedverysimilarlytotheweightsforthe2000   study.     Xz(XXXz(Xz(XXXz(   ! uc  uc"0    &  -XabXXXz( Procedure1 #Xz(XX-Xab #ucѱ݌#(#(# Ќ  XXz( '    '#  K#KXz(XK#Forthefirstweight,thebaseweightwassimplythenumberofresidentialtelephonenumbersin %5!  thehousehold,dividedbythenumberofadults:#Xz(XXKXz(##,P",XXz( &!"!   (9$'?##Xz(X",,P.#*%(9$`(9$*%gVFBx \p."@XE(( (9$"  +6'# XXXXz(.Xz(XXX      -XabXX.Xz(whereT#.Xz(XX-Xab #h-XabXh.Xz(isthenumberofresidentialtelephonenumbersforthehousehold,andS#.Xz(XX-XabZ#h-XabXh.Xz(isthenumber  ofadults.Forcaseswherethenumberofresidentialtelephonenumberswasnotdetermined,it  wasassumedthatd<<d<dVFBx \p.P@XEX H <.H+ 4 <DL!4, XH    -XabXX-XabXz(XX-XabԌ  Ќ  uc  ucs"0    &  #.Xz(XXXz(#-XabXX.Xz( Procedure2#.Xz(XX-Xab#X    .Xz(XX.Xz(Xz(XX.Xz(  'ucs݌L(#(# Ќ  ̀Forthesecondweight,thebaseweightwasw1.Thisbaseweightwasthenadjustedfor <  nonresponsebyrakingittoasetofcontroltotals.Thereweretwovariablesused,the ( x MetropolitanStatisticalArea(MSA)code,whichhadsevenpossiblevalues,andacombinedsex  d byagevariable,whichhad2x14=28possiblevalues.Thecontroltotalsweretakenfromtwo P  sources.TheMSAtelephonepopulationwasestimatedbymultiplyingMSAtelephone <  householdfiguresfromSSIbytheratiooftotalPuertoRicopopulationtotelephonehouseholds. (  TotalPuertoRicopopulationandthesexbyagecontroltotalsweretakenfromthe2000U.S.   BureauoftheCensusInternationalDataBase,Table094(MidyearPopulation,byAgeandSex.)     Thesecondweightisthebaseweightmultipliedbytheadjustmentfactorcalculatedfrom < therakingprocedure: (    `    dZF`V FBx \Ip. @XEZddJ FZ F uc  ucF݌̌  uc    d,|,|  &   -XabXXXz( uc"0    Procedure3 #Xz(XX-Xab#uc݌(#(# Ќ  '   Thethirdweightisanormalizedversionofthesecondweight,whereeachweightwasdividedby T themeanofalltheweights,thatis: @ # s^^# s  YV FBx \ p.%@XE,  ,|   wherenisthesamplesize. R$ o    $,t'" 1.7AnalysisofRandomvs.NonrandomPortionsofthe1999Sample     Aftercompletionofthefieldperiodforthe1999survey,itwasdiscoveredthat239 < households,allofwhomhadrefusedinitially,hadbeeninterviewedwithoutaproperscreening ( procedurehavingbeenimplementedbecauseofaprogrammingerrorwhichsimplybroughtup  thefirstinterviewingscreen.Asaresult,these239wereessentiallya conveniencesample,   withtheinterviewertalkingtoanyonewhohappenedtoanswerthetelephoneandwaswillingto   dotheinterview.Gallupinterviewerssubsequentlycalledthehouseholdbackandretrieved   householdsizeforallbut29ofthe239interviews,butbecausethespecifiedfieldperiodhad t  elapsed,theydidnotattempttointerviewarandomlyselectedrespondent. `     Thenonrandomportionofthesamplewasgrosslyunrepresentativewithrespectto   gender;evenafterpoststratificationtoCPSdistributions,itconsistedof57percentwomenand   43percentmen.However,noneofthedemographiccharacteristicswemeasureddiffered t  significantlybetweenthetwoportionsofthesampleoncetheywereadjustedby `  poststratification. L   Avarietyofexploratoryanalyseswereperformedtoseewhetherthetwopartsofthe  sampledifferedfromeachotherintheirresponsestokeyquestions.Responsesto31questions t wereexaminedQ.7a1,7c1,7a2,7c2,7a3,7f3,7a4,7f4,9a,9b,10,12,13,19,20,21,22a,and ` 2634;someofthesecontainsubquestions.Ofthese,eight7a1,9ab,21,26,29a,29f,30,and L 33showedsignificantdifferences.Withoneexception,thesamequestionsdiffered 8 significantlybetweenthetwoportionsofthesamplewhetherwelookedatunweightedor $t weightedproportions.n  #  1       `   Ingeneral,therewasatendencyforthenonrandomportionofthesampletoprofess L greaterignoranceinresponsetosomeofthequestionsasked(e.g.,fewerhadheardaboutthe 8 undercount,andmoreanswered Dontknowinresponsetothequestionaboutwhetherother $t governmentagenciescangetaccesstocensusdata).Atthesametime,theyalsotendedto  ` expressgreaterconcernsaboutprivacy:theyweremorelikelytosaytheywere veryworried  L aboutprivacy,morelikelytoagreethatthegovernmentknows toomuchaboutthem,more !8 likelytosaytheyneveroralmostnevertrustthegovernmentinWashington,andlesslikelyto "$ saytheywouldbewillingtogivetheirsocialsecuritynumber(SSN)totheCensusBureauto #  facilitatedatasharing. $!    &8"#   Theproblemofhowtohandlethenonrandomportionofthesamplewithrespecttothe  timeseriescomparisonscreatedadifficultchallenge,sincebothexcludingandincludingthese  respondentsriskedintroducingerror.Wethereforeconsideredwhether,althoughthetwo  portionsofthesampledifferedfromeachother,thetotalsample,excludingthenonrandom t respondents,woulddifferfromthetotalsamplethatincludedthem.Forthispurpose,weadopted ` aprocedureproposedbyCurtinandusedinCurtin,Presser,andSinger(2000).Thesample, L  includingthenonrandomrespondents,wasrandomlysplitintotwohalvesinsuchawaythatthey 8  wouldbeofequalsizeafterthenonrandomlyselectedrespondentsweredroppedfromonehalf, $ t andthenonrandomrespondentswouldconstitute14.3percentofthehalfsample,whichistheir  ` proportioninthesampleasawhole.  L    Thisexerciserevealedthatthetwoindependenthalfsamplesthatcontainingthe 8  nonrandomrespondents,andthatexcludingthemdidnotdiffersignificantlyonanyofthe31 $t  variables.Accordingly,these239respondentshavebeenincludedintheanalysesinthisreport.  `    .~    / H%iOYLOY <2.TRENDSINRESPONSES,19952000  3n3  Incontrastto199596,whenveryfewofthemeasuredattitudesshowedsignificant  change,suchchangewasapparentinvirtuallyalloftheattitudeswhentheperiodfrom1995  2000wasconsidered.Inpart,thestatisticalsignificanceisduetothedoublingofsamplesize } withtheadditionoftwosurveys.Therearesubstantivereasonsaswell,however.First,many i  questionsshowedgreaterchangesfrom1996to1999,whentheelapsedtimeperiodwasthree U  timesaslong,thanbetween1995and1996.Second,otherresponsesshoweddramaticchanges A  between1999and2000,whenthe censusclimate(amultimilliondollarpublicitycampaign - } designedtoencouragepeopletocooperatewiththecensus)cameintoplay.Whetherthelatter  i  changeswillpersistinsubsequentyearsisaninterestingquestionthatcannotbeaddressedbythe U  dataathand. A   2.1KnowledgeaboutandAttitudestowardtheDecennialCensus -}     Respondentstoallthesurveyswereaskedseveralquestionsabouttheirattitudestoward i thedecennialcensusandtheundercount.Thefirstquestionasked, Howimportantdoyouthink U itistocountthepeopleintheUnitedStates?Thedistributionsforallfouryearsofthesurvey A areshowninTable2.1.Thequestionclearlyshowstheeffectofthe censusclimate,withthe -} percentageresponding extremelyimportantincreasingfrom34.4percentto45.5percent i between1999and2000.z  #  2      󀀀  U Xz(XXXz(  Table2.1 'w PerceivedImportanceoftheCensus:ByYear  E e*E"FUddZZ@ZZ@ZZ@ZZ@e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( (HowimportantdoyouthinkitistocountthepeopleintheUnitedStates? -#5" -x XN!e ,@1995,@X1995 j`3e" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3e" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3e" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 H>3e" @@2000 @@ H 'q '% 'q " '% 'q!" '% 'q"" '% * q#" *ExtremelyImportant XN!} $ @@32.0@@X32.0 j`3} %" @@32.0 @@ >@30.8>@j30.8 j`3} &" >@30.8 >@ 333333A@34.4333333A@j34.4 j`3} '" 333333A@34.4 333333A@ F@45.5F@j45.5 KA3} (" F@45.5 F@ KVeryImportant XN!!) D@40.0D@X40.0 j`3!*" D@40.0 D@ E@43.6E@j43.6 j`3!+" E@43.6 E@ fffff&G@46.3fffff&G@j46.3 j`3!," fffff&G@46.3 fffff&G@ LD@40.6LD@j40.6 KA3!-" LD@40.6 LD@ KSomewhatImportant XN!". 3@19.83@X19.8 j`3"/" 3@19.8 3@ L3@19.3L3@j19.3 j`3"0" L3@19.3 L3@ /@15.8/@j15.8 j`3"1" /@15.8 /@ %@10.5%@j10.5 KA3"2" %@10.5 %@ KNotTooImportant WM!#3 ffffff @8.2ffffff @WЀ8.2 h^2#4" ffffff @8.2 ffffff @ @6.4@hЀ6.4 h^2#5" @6.4 @ 333333 @3.4333333 @hЀ3.4 h^2#6" 333333 @3.4 333333 @ 333333 @3.4333333 @hЀ3.4 >42#7" 333333 @3.4 333333 @ >N(weighted) I?$8 @1415@I1415 j`3$9" @1415 @ ܒ@1207ܒ@j1207 j`3$:" ܒ@1207 ܒ@ @1663@j1663 j`3$;" @1663 @ @1962@j1962C97$<" @1962  @ Cx/Source:Question1.#Xz(XXXz(#  % <  &!=   RespondentswerealsoaskedhowimportantitwasfortheCensusBureautoaskthe  demographicquestionsincludedontheshortform(i.e.,gender,race,Hispanicorigin,age,and  maritalstatusin199596,andallexceptmaritalstatusin19992000).Thereisnoclearpatternto  thechangesshowninTable2.2,with77.8percentregardingthesequestionsasimportantin t 1995,and77.4percentdoingsoin2000.  ` Xz(XXXz(  Table2.2   PerceivedImportanceofItemsontheShortForm:ByYear    *M"NUdddd dd dd dd dd E"Fe(#e(#,dd ,Udd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( F  F  (HowimportantdoyouthinkitisfortheCensusBureautoaskaboutage,race,sex,Hispanic Z  Ѐorigin,andmaritalstatus? * F  * I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 " @@2000 @@ K 6,!F " 6% 'F " '% 'F " '% 'F " '% * F " *VeryImportant XN! D@40.2D@X40.2 j`3" D@40.2 D@ YE@42.7YE@j42.7 j`3" YE@42.7 YE@ 333333E@42.4333333E@j42.4 j`3" 333333E@42.4 333333E@ ̌F@45.1̌F@j45.1 KA3" ̌F@45.1 ̌F@ KSomewhatImportant XN!F B@37.6B@X37.6 j`3F" B@37.6 B@ YB@36.7YB@j36.7 j`3F" YB@36.7 YB@ @B@36.5@B@j36.5 j`3F" @B@36.5 @B@ fffff&@@32.3fffff&@@j32.3 KA3F" fffff&@@32.3 fffff&@@ KNotTooImportant XN!  333333)@12.6333333)@X12.6 j`3!" 333333)@12.6 333333)@ (@12.3(@j12.3 j`3"" (@12.3 (@ 333333)@12.6333333)@j12.6 j`3#" 333333)@12.6 333333)@ '@11.9'@j11.9 KA3$" '@11.9 '@ KNotImportantatAll WM!F% 333333#@9.6333333#@WЀ9.6 h^2F&" 333333#@9.6 333333#@  @8.3 @hЀ8.3 h^2F'"  @8.3  @ !@8.5!@hЀ8.5 i_2F(" !@8.5 !@ ffffff%@10.7ffffff%@i10.7 ?53F)" ffffff%@10.7 ffffff%@ ?N(weighted) I?* @1407@I1407 j`3+" @1407 @ @1197@j1197 j`3," @1197 @ @1659@j1659 j`3-" @1659 @ @1953@j1953C97." @1953  @ CSource:1995,Question16aand16b(combined);1996,Questions17aand17b(combined); d. 1999/2000,Questions17aand17b(combined).#Xz(XXXz(m# In1999/2000,Hispanicoriginandmaritalstatus P/ werenotaskedabout.  @0   Severalquestionsweredesignedtomeasureawarenessofthecensus.Onequestion ,|2 informedrespondentsthatthecensuswas usedtodecidehowmanyrepresentativeseachstate  h3 hasinCongressaswellas howmuchmoneycommunitiesgetfromthegovernment,andthen !T4 askedwhethertheyhadheardofeitheroftheseuses.Theresults,showninTable2.3,showa !@5 smallsignificantincreasefrom1995to1996andthenaverylargeincrease,from51.7percentto ",6 70.6percent,between1999and2000. #7 Xz(XXXz(  +&> ЇTable2.3  ЀAwarenessofCensusUses:ByYear     *%"&Udddd Udd Udd dd dd M"Ne(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (  [Thecensus]isusedtodecidehowmanyrepresentativeseachstatehasinCongress...[and]how n Ѐmuchmoneycommunitiesgetfromthegovernment.Haveyouheardabouteitherofthese Z  Ѐusesofthecensus? * F  *2 I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3  " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3  " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3  " @@2000 @@ K 6,!F  " 6% 'F  " '% 'F " '% 'F " '% * F " *Yes XN!  YG@46.7YG@X46.7 j`3 " YG@46.7 YG@ I@51.0I@j51.0 j`3 " I@51.0 I@ I@51.7I@j51.7 j`3 " I@51.7 I@ fffffQ@70.6fffffQ@j70.6 H>3 " fffffQ@70.6 fffffQ@ HNo I?F  fffffJ@53.3fffffJ@I53.3 j`3F " fffffJ@53.3 fffffJ@ ̌H@49.1̌H@j49.1 j`3F " ̌H@49.1 ̌H@ fffff&H@48.3fffff&H@j48.3 j`3F " fffff&H@48.3 fffff&H@ ffffff=@29.4ffffff=@j29.4 ?53F " ffffff=@29.4 ffffff=@ ?N(weighted) I?  h@1434h@I1434 j`3 " h@1434 h@ ܒ@1207ܒ@j1207 j`3 " ܒ@1207 ܒ@  @1672 @j1672 j`3 "  @1672  @ @1967@j1967C97 " @1967  @ CSource:1995,Question10;19962000,Question8.#Xz(XXXz(#Xz(XXXz( d #Xz(XXXz(>#  Respondentswerealsotoldaboutthecensusundercount,andtheirawarenessofthisissue P! wasassessedbymeansoftwoversionsofthequestion.Oneversionaskedwhethertheyhad <" heardabout somecommunitiesbeingundercounted;theotheraskedwhethertheyhadheard (x# about bigcitiesandcitieswithlargeminoritypopulationsbeingundercounted.Table2.4a, d$ whichshowstheresultsfor somecommunities,showsasignificantincreasefrom1995to1999, P% andanothersignificantincreasein2000;Table2.4b,whichshowstheresultsforbigcitieswith <& minoritypopulations,showsnochangeforthefirstthreeyearsbutadramaticincrease,from43.8 (' percentto56.7percent,between1999and2000. ( Xz(XXXz( 򀀀Table2.4a P* ЀAwarenessofUndercountin SomeCommunities:ByYear  n+   *"Udddd dd dd dd dd %"&e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (Z!-Z! (Haveyouheardaboutsomecommunitiesgettingfewerrepresentativesorlessmoneybecause !.   Ӏtheywereundercounted? * ",/ * I?\$0" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3\$1" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3\$2" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3\$3" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3\$4" @@2000 @@ K 6,!%,!5" 6% '%,!6" '% '%,!7" '% '%,!8" '% * %,!9" *Yes XN!\'": B@36.2B@X36.2 j`3\'";" B@36.2 B@ 33333B@37.933333B@j37.9 j`3\'"<" 33333B@37.9 33333B@ D@41.2D@j41.2 j`3\'"=" D@41.2 D@ YH@48.7YH@j48.7 H>3\'">" YH@48.7 YH@ HNo I?(,$? fffffO@63.8fffffO@I63.8 j`3(,$@" fffffO@63.8 fffffO@  O@62.1 O@j62.1 j`3(,$A"  O@62.1  O@ ffffffM@58.8ffffffM@j58.8 j`3(,$B" ffffffM@58.8 ffffffM@ fffffI@51.3fffffI@j51.3 ?53(,$C" fffffI@51.3 fffffI@ ?N(weighted) H>\*%D @765@H765 h^2\*%E" @765 @ Ȃ@601Ȃ@h601 h^2\*%F" Ȃ@601 Ȃ@ @799@h799 h^2\*%G" @799 @ 8@9678@h967B86\*%H" 8@967  8@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question11a;19962000,Question9a.#Xz(XXXz(# +&H Xz(XXXz(   Table2.4b  a      m AwarenessofUndercountin BigCities:ByYear   e*V"WU'dddd dd dd dd dd "(#(#,rdd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (Haveyouheardaboutbigcitiesandcitieswithlargeminoritypopulationsgettingfewer n   Ӏrepresentativesorlessmoneybecausetheywereundercounted? *   * I? \" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 \" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 \" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 \ " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 \ " @@2000 @@ K 6,!  " 6% '  " '% '  " '% ' " '% *  " *Yes XN! \  LF@44.6LF@X44.6 j`3 \ " LF@44.6 LF@ @E@42.5@E@j42.5 j`3 \ " @E@42.5 @E@ fffffE@43.8fffffE@j43.8 j`3 \ " fffffE@43.8 fffffE@ YL@56.7YL@j56.7 H>3 \ " YL@56.7 YL@ HNo I?  33333K@55.433333K@I55.4 j`3 " 33333K@55.4 33333K@ L@57.5L@j57.5 j`3 " L@57.5 L@ L@56.2L@j56.2 j`3 " L@56.2 L@ fffffE@43.3fffffE@j43.3 ?53 " fffffE@43.3 fffffE@ ?N(weighted) H> \  `@652`@H652 h^2 \ " `@652 `@ ؂@603؂@h603 h^2 \ " ؂@603 ؂@ (@869(@h869 h^2 \ " (@869 (@ @982@h982B86 \ " @982  @ B򀀀Source:1995,Question11b;19962000,Question9b.#Xz(XXXz(? # Z   r In1995,andagainin1999and2000,respondentswereaskedabouttheirlevelof   agreementwiththestatement, Everyonehasanobligationtocooperatewiththecensus.The ! trendinresponses,showninTable2.5,clearlyshowstheinfluenceofCensusBureaupublicity n" between1999and2000,withthepercentageofthosestronglyagreeingwiththestatement Z# increasingfrom50.4percentto66.4percentbetween1999and2000.Inspiteofthepublicity, F$ however,someeightpercentofthepopulationdisagreethatcitizenshaveanobligationto 2% cooperatewiththecensus. n&  Xz(XXXz( r    "  z    * Table2.5 Z(  r    " ObligationtoCooperatewithCensus:ByYear  x) X  *'"+USd'drdd rdd dd dd dd V"W%%,dd , dd ,Xdd ,mdd +  (+ (Pleasetellmeifyoustronglyagree,somewhatagree,somewhatdisagree,or  h, Ѐstronglydisagree.Everyonehasaresponsibilitytocooperatewiththe !T- ЀCensus? * !@. *Ӏ I?p#/" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3p#0" ,@1995 ,@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3p#1" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3p#2" @@2000 @@ K 6,!$3" 6% '$4" '% '$5" '% * $6" *StronglyAgree XN!% !7 33333J@53.933333J@X53.9 j`3% !8" 33333J@53.9 33333J@ 333333I@50.4333333I@j50.4 j`3% !9" 333333I@50.4 333333I@ P@66.4P@j66.4 KA3% !:" P@66.4 P@ KSomewhatAgree XN!'P"; ̌B@37.1̌B@X37.1 j`3'P"<" ̌B@37.1 ̌B@ @B@36.5@B@j36.5 j`3'P"=" @B@36.5 @B@ :@26.0:@j26.0 KA3'P">" :@26.0 :@ KSomewhatDisagree WM!0(#? @5.5@WЀ5.5 h^20(#@" @5.5 @ 333333 @8.1333333 @hЀ8.1 h^20(#A" 333333 @8.1 333333 @ ffffff@4.6ffffff@hЀ4.6 J@20(#B" ffffff@4.6 ffffff@ JStronglyDisagree WM!`)$C 333333 @3.4333333 @WЀ3.4 h^2`)$D" 333333 @3.4 333333 @ @4.5@hЀ4.5 h^2`)$E" @4.5 @ @3.0@hЀ3.0 >42`)$F" @3.0 @ >N(weighted) I?*%G H@1426H@I1426 j`3*%H" H@1426 H@ @1666@j1666 j`3*%I" @1666 @ Ğ@1969Ğ@j1969C97*%J" Ğ@1969  Ğ@ C2   r Source:1995,Question27h;19992000,Question29g. +&J <#Xz(XXXz(6/#X   r Finally,Table2.6showstheresultsofaskingwhetherrespondentsconsiderthe  demographicquestionsaskedonthecensusshortformaninvasionofprivacy.Wereturntothis  questioninchapter3,whereweexamineattitudechangespecificallybetween1999and2000,and  alsoconsidertheimpactofexposuretovaryingkindsofpublicityaboutthecensus. t ?=   Xz(XXXz( r    "  z    *   Table2.6   OpinionsTowardtheCensusasanInvasionofPrivacy:ByYear    ?*Q"RUdSddd  dd Xdd Xmdd m'"+(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (  DoyoufeelitisaninvasionofyourprivacyfortheCensusBureautoaskyourage,race,sex, n   ЀHispanicorigin,andmaritalstatusalongwithyournameandaddress? * Z  * I?* " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3* " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3* " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3* " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3* " @@2000 @@ K 6,!Z " 6% 'Z " '% 'Z " '% 'Z " '% * Z " *Yes XN!* 7@23.57@X23.5 j`3*" 7@23.5 7@ 3@19.03@j19.0 j`3*" 3@19.0 3@ 7@23.07@j23.0 j`3*" 7@23.0 7@ fffff4@20.9fffff4@j20.9 H>3*" fffff4@20.9 fffff4@ HNo I?Z  S@76.5 S@I76.5 j`3Z"  S@76.5  S@ fffffFT@81.1fffffFT@j81.1 j`3Z" fffffFT@81.1 fffffFT@ @S@77.0@S@j77.0 j`3Z" @S@77.0 @S@ fffffS@79.1fffffS@j79.1 ?53Z" fffffS@79.1 fffffS@ ?N(weighted) I?* T@1429T@I1429 j`3* " T@1429 T@ Ē@1201Ē@j1201 j`3*!" Ē@1201 Ē@ @1660@j1660 j`3*"" @1660 @ @1966@j1966C97*#" @1966  @ CSource:1995,Question15;1996,Question16;1999/2000,Question16.#Xz(XXXz(+?# In1999/2000,Hispanic (x# originandmaritalstatuswerenotaskedabout.  h$ Xz(XXXz( r    " #Xz(XXXz(K#2.2BeliefsandAttitudesaboutConfidentiality T&   r Itwashypothesizedthatoneimportantreasonforopposingdatasharingbyotheragencies ( mightbethebeliefthattheCensusBureauinturnshareditsconfidentialfileswithotheragencies. |) Theearlysurveysinthisseriesclearlyshowedagreatdealofbothuncertaintyandmisinformation h* onthepartofthepublicconcerningtheCensusBureauspracticeswithregardtosharingidentified T+ information.Accordingly,inboththe1999and2000surveys,wetriedtoprobethepublics @ , understandingbyaddingseveralquestionstotheseries. ,!|-  r Twomajorchangesweremade.First,ifpeopleanswered Dontknowtothequestion, h#/  Doyouthinkotheragencies,outsidetheCensusBureau,canorcannotgetpeoplesnamesand T$0 addressesalongwiththeiranswerstothecensus,orareyounotsure?theywereasked,ina @% 1 followupquestion,toguess.Thesamewastrueiftheyanswered Dontknowtothequestion ,&|!2 askingwhethertheCensusBureauprotectstheconfidentialityoftheinformationitcollectsabout 'h"3 age,sexandrace.{  #  3      ׀ (T#4 Ї r Second,onethirdofthesamplewasasked both thequestionaboutwhetherotheragencies   cangetidentifieddata, and whethertheCensusBureauprotectstheconfidentialityofthe  informationitcollects.(Onethirdwasaskedonlyaboutconfidentiality;theotherthird,onlyabout  otheragencies.)Inordertobalanceordereffectsiftheyexisted,onehalfofthissubsamplewas | askedfirstaboutconfidentialityandthenwhetherotheragenciescangetthedata,andhalfthe h respondentswereaskedthequestionsinthereverseorder.Then,everyoneinthisrandomly T  designatedthirdofthesamplewasaskedwhat protectingconfidentialitymeanttothem. @  Responsestothisquestionwereopenended. , |  r InordertoexaminetrendsinanswerstothetwoquestionsaboutCensusBureaupractices h   theoneaskingwhetherotheragenciescangetdataidentifiedbynameandaddress,theotherasking T  whethertheCensusBureauprotectsconfidentialityweexaminedthreeversionsofthe19992000 @  questions.Wefirstlookedatthoserespondentswhowereasked only onequestionortheother. ,|  Second,welookedatthoserespondents plus thosewhowereaskedthequestion first inthe l  sequence.Finally,welookedatallrespondentswhoansweredthequestion,regardlessoftheorder  \  inwhichitwasasked.Ineverycase,however,welookedonlyatrespondentswhoansweredthe H questionwithoutbeingaskedtoguessatthecorrectresponse,sincethisquestionwasonlyaddedin 4 1999.    r Regardlessoforder,theresultswereessentiallythesameasthoseshowninTables2.7and  \ 2.8,whichcombinetheresponsesofthosewhoansweredonlyonequestionandthosewho H answeredthequestionfirst.|  #  4      ׀Forbothquestions,thereisanincreasebetween1996and2000inthe 4 proportiongivingthecorrectresponsefrom6.1percentto17.3percentinthecaseof canget,   andfrom12.9percentto25.1percentinthecaseofconfidentiality.Forbothquestions,thereisa   declineinthepercentageresponding NotSurebetween1996and2000,butonlyinthecaseof   cangetisthereacorrespondingdeclineinthepercentagegivingtheincorrectresponse(that  otheragenciescangetthedata,orthattheCensusBureaudoesnotprotecttheconfidentialityofthe  dataitcollects). l  Xz(XXXz( r    "  z    * _ \'"# <     F  Table2.7  ^F   ` BeliefsRegardingSharingofCensusResponses:ByYear  8   *,"-UFdddd dd dd dd dd Q"R(#(#, dd ,edd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (tZtZ (Z_Doyouthinkothergovernmentagencies,outsidetheCensusBureau,canorcannotget  Ѐpeoplesnamesandaddressesalongwiththeiranswerstothecensus,orareyounot  Ѐsure? *   * I?0 " ,@1995,@I1995 j`30 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`30  " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`30  " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA30  " @@2000 @@ K 6,!  " 6% '  " '% ' " '% ' " '% *  " *&s'%XXz(OtherAgenciesCanGetNames#Xz(X'%&sd# XN!0   I@50.1 I@X50.1 j`30 "  I@50.1  I@ ̌G@47.1̌G@j47.1 j`30 " ̌G@47.1 ̌G@ 33333E@43.933333E@j43.9 j`30 " 33333E@43.9 33333E@ E@42.0E@j42.0 KA30 " E@42.0 E@ K&s'%XXz(OtherAgenciesCannotGetNames#Xz(X'%&sg# WM!  ffffff"@9.2ffffff"@WЀ9.2 h^2 " ffffff"@9.2 ffffff"@ ffffff@6.1ffffff@hЀ6.1 i_2 " ffffff@6.1 ffffff@ ffffff(@12.2ffffff(@i12.2 j`3 " ffffff(@12.2 ffffff(@ L1@17.3L1@j17.3 KA3 " L1@17.3 L1@ K&s'%XXz(NotSure#Xz(X'%&sXi# XN!0  YD@40.7YD@X40.7 j`30 " YD@40.7 YD@ ffffffG@46.8ffffffG@j46.8 j`30 " ffffffG@46.8 ffffffG@ F@44.0F@j44.0 j`30 " F@44.0 F@ YD@40.7YD@j40.7 ?530 " YD@40.7 YD@ ?N(weighted) I?  @1443@I1443 i_3!" @1443 @ s@317s@i317 h^2"" s@317 s@ @830@h830 h^2#" @830 @ @989@h989B86$" @989  @ B  ӀSource:1995,Question7;1996,Question7_1;19992000,Question7a1or7a3. $ #Xz(XXXz(]#gm   Xz(XXXz(  ӀTable2.8 : & =n   ` BeliefsRegardingProtectionofConfidentiality:ByYear  X>' *X"_UdFd dd edd edd dd dd ,"-(#(#, dd ,,dd ,,dd ,,dd +  (z)z (    DoyouthinktheCensusBureaudoesordoesnotprotectthe * Ѐconfidentialityofthisinformation,orareyounotsure? * + *Jp I?dJ, 0@19960@I1996 j`3dJ-" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3dJ." <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3dJ/" @@2000 @@ K 6,!0" 6% '1" '% '2" '% * 3" *&s'%XXz(ProtectsConfidentiality#Xz(X'%&sTs# XN!dJ4 )@12.9)@X12.9 j`3dJ5" )@12.9 )@ 6@22.86@j22.8 j`3dJ6" 6@22.8 6@ 9@25.19@j25.1 KA3dJ7" 9@25.1 9@ K&s'%XXz(DoesNotProtectConfidentiality#Xz(X'%&s1u# WM! 8 333333#@9.6333333#@WЀ9.6 i_2 9" 333333#@9.6 333333#@ '@11.5'@i11.5 i_3 :" '@11.5 '@ "@9.4"@iЀ9.4 J@2 ;" "@9.4 "@ J&s'%XXz(NotSure#Xz(X'%&sw# XN!d"J< `S@77.5`S@X77.5 j`3d"J=" `S@77.5 `S@ lP@65.7lP@j65.7 j`3d"J>" lP@65.7 lP@ `P@65.5`P@j65.5 ?53d"J?" `P@65.5 `P@ ?N(weighted) H>#@ r@289r@H289 h^2#A" r@289 r@ ؉@827؉@h827 h^2#B" ؉@827 ؉@ x@975x@h975B86#C" x@975  x@ B  Source:1996,Question7_3;19992000,Question7a2or7a4.#Xz(XXXz(n#  2%!C     ` Dependingontheorderinwhichthequestionsareasked,thepercentageofthose n'T#E guessingcorrectlyvariesfromonefifthtoonequarterforrespondentsaskedwhetherother Z(@$F agenciescangetidentifieddata,andbetweentwofifthsandonehalfforthoseaskedwhetherthe F),%G CensusBureaupreservesconfidentiality(datanotshown;see_Tourangeau_,Singer,andPresser, 2*&H 2001).Althoughtheorderinwhichrespondentsareaskedthesequestionsmatters,whatismore +'I  <,"(J strikingisthedifferencebetweenthetwoquestionsinthoseguessingcorrectly,eventhoughboth  questionsinprinciplerefertothesamephenomenon.    Whenweaskedrespondentswhat confidentialitymeanttothem,themostfrequent B( responsebyfarwasthattheinformationwouldnotbesold,shared,orforwarded;otherresponses . referredtoinformationnotbeingreleased,orinformationremainingprivate,confidential,or   protected(Table2.9).Theexplanationfordiscrepanciesbetweenanswerstothetwoquestions,   then,maylieinrespondentuncertaintyaboutwhethersharingidentifieddatawithother   governmentagencies(asopposed,forexample,tosharingitwithagenciesorindividualsoutside   thegovernment) countsasabreachofconfidentiality,butwehavenodataallowingustotest    thathypothesis.(Alternatively,itispossiblethatrespondentsinterpretedthe cangetquestion   tobeaquestionabouttheabilityofotheragenciestocollectthekindofinformationcurrently   beingcollectedbytheCensusBureau!) t  XXz(    `    Xz(X h Table2.9     MeaningofConfidentialitytoRespondent:ByYear   *+"@Udd dd ,dd ,,dd ,,dd ,X"_(#(#, dd ,rdd ,4dd +  ( (    TheCensusBureauisinterestedinwhatpeoplethink protecting `F Ѐconfidentialitymeans.WhenIaskedyouwhetherornottheCensusBureau L2 Ѐprotectsconfidentiality,whatdidyouthinkImeantby protecting 8 Ѐconfidentiality?(openended) * $  *ڄ I? <@1999<@I1999 j`3" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3" @@2000 @@ K 6,!$ " 6% '$ " '% * $ " *Informationwillnotbesold/  shared/forwarded XN!v H@48.0H@X48.0 j`3" H@48.0 H@ @@33.6@@j33.6 KA3" @@33.6 @@ KPersonalinformationwillnotbe   released XN!! fffff2@18.9fffff2@X18.9 j`3"" fffff2@18.9 fffff2@ L0@16.3L0@j16.3 KA3#" L0@16.3 L0@ KRemainsconfidential/private/ |!b$ protected XN!h"N% 0@16.80@X16.8 j`3|!b&" 0@16.8 0@ @C@38.5@C@j38.5 KA3|!b'" @C@38.5 @C@ KOther WM!#( #@9.9#@W9.9 h^2#)" #@9.9 #@ @6.7@h6.7 J@2#*" @6.7 @ JD.K. WM!h%N!+ @6.4@WЀ6.4 h^2h%N!," @6.4 @ ffffff@5.1ffffff@hЀ5.1 >42h%N!-" ffffff@5.1 ffffff@ >N(weighted) H>&". x@527x@H527 h^2&"/" x@527 x@ ؃@635؃@h635B86&"0" ؃@635  ؃@ B  Source:19992000:Questions7e1and7e2.#Xz(XXXz(#Xz(XXXz( 6($0 #Xz(XXXz(#   T):%1    +v'3 _ԇ  Afterreportingtheirbeliefsaboutwhetherornotpersonalresponsestothecensusare  shared,respondentswereaskedhowsuretheyfeltaboutthesebeliefs.Tables2.10and2.11show  theresponsesofthosewhoarecertaintheCensusBureausharesdata,separatelyforrespondents  whowereaskedwhetherotheragenciescangetthedataandforthoseaskedwhethertheCensus  Bureauprotectsconfidentiality. Xz(XXXz(    Table2.10   CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreShared:ByYear  $  e  *k"lUd d dd  rdd r4dd 4+"@e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,rdd ,'dd ,dd +  -#B (B ( -Howsureareyouthatothergovernmentagenciescangetpeoplesnamesand    Ѐaddressesalongwiththeiranswerstothecensus:verysure,fairlysure,not   Ѐtoosure,ornotsureatall? /%    / I?0 " ,@1995,@I1995 j`30 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`30 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`30 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA30 " @@2000 @@ K 6,! " 6% ' " '% ' " '% ' " '% *  " *VerySure XN!0 fffff&M@58.3fffff&M@X58.3 j`30" fffff&M@58.3 fffff&M@ N@61.0N@j61.0 j`30" N@61.0 N@ L@57.2L@j57.2 j`30" L@57.2 L@ 333333H@48.4333333H@j48.4 KA30" 333333H@48.4 333333H@ KFairlySure XN! L@@32.6L@@X32.6 j`3" L@@32.6 L@@ A@35.6A@j35.6 j`3" A@35.6 A@ @@33.5@@j33.5 j`3" @@33.5 @@ ̌B@37.1̌B@j37.1 KA3" ̌B@37.1 ̌B@ KNotTooSure WM!0  @7.0@WЀ7.0 h^20!" @7.0 @ ?0.4?hЀ0.4 h^20"" ?0.4 ? 333333 @8.1333333 @hЀ8.1 h^20#" 333333 @8.1 333333 @  @8.3 @hЀ8.3 J@20$"  @8.3  @ JNotSureat % All WM!& @2.1@WЀ2.1 h^2'" @2.1 @ @3.0@hЀ3.0 h^2(" @3.0 @ 333333?1.2333333?hЀ1.2 h^2)" 333333?1.2 333333? @6.2@hЀ6.2 >42*" @6.2 @ >N(weighted) H>+ @723@H723 h^2," @723 @ b@149b@h149 h^2-" b@149 b@ m@236m@h236 h^2." m@236 m@ q@272q@h272B86/" q@272  q@ B @ Source:1995,Question7b;1996,Question7b(butrestrictedtorespondentswho jP/     received7_1);19992000,Question7d3.#Xz(XXXz(R# n0 @* ,,(> LOY# L L  Xz(XXXz(   Table2.11  CertaintythatCensusBureauDoesNotProtectConfidentiality:ByYear   *m"nUdddd dd rdd r'dd 'dd k"le(#e(#,` dd ,dd%,dd%,dd%+  -# Z Z -  HowsureareyouthattheCensusBureaudoesnotprotecttheconfidentialityof n Ѐthisinformation:verysure,fairlysure,notverysure,ornotsureatall? /%Z    / I? *" 0@19960@I1996 j`3 *" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 *" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 * " @@2000 @@ K 6,!Z  " 6% 'Z  " '% 'Z  " '% * Z  " *VerySure XN! *  6@22.16@X22.1 j`3 * " 6@22.1 6@ 9@25.09@j25.0 j`3 * " 9@25.0 9@ ;@27.0;@j27.0 KA3 * " ;@27.0 ;@ KFairlySure XN!Z  33333F@45.433333F@X45.4 j`3Z " 33333F@45.4 33333F@ 33333sG@46.933333sG@j46.9 j`3Z " 33333sG@46.9 33333sG@ A@35.5A@j35.5 KA3Z " A@35.5 A@ KNotTooSure XN!*  6@22.56@X22.5 j`3* " 6@22.5 6@ ffffff5@21.4ffffff5@j21.4 j`3* " ffffff5@21.4 ffffff5@ ffffff8@24.4ffffff8@j24.4 KA3* " ffffff8@24.4 ffffff8@ KNotSureatAll WM!Z  #@9.9#@WЀ9.9 h^2Z " #@9.9 #@ @6.7@hЀ6.7 i_2Z " @6.7 @ ffffff*@13.2ffffff*@i13.2 ?53Z " ffffff*@13.2 ffffff*@ ?N(weighted) G=*  W@92W@G92 f\1*"  W@92 W@  L@56L@f56 f\1* "  L@56 L@  N@61N@f61A75*!"  N@61  N@ A򀀀  Source:1996,Question7b1;19992000,Question7d4.#Xz(XXXz(# (x!   Between1999and2000,thereisasignificantdropintheproportionofthosewhoarevery d# surethattheCensusBureausharesdatawithotheragencies(Table2.10).Theproportionofthose P$ whoarecertaintheCensusBureaudoesnotprotectconfidentialityshowsnosignificantchange <% duringthisperiod,butineveryyeartheproportionofthosewhoarecertainthatotheragencies (x& cangetdataisgreaterthantheproportionwhoarecertaintheCensusBureaudoesnotprotect d' confidentiality. P(   Tables2.12and2.13showtheresponsesofthosewhoareverysurethattheCensus <* Bureauprotectsthedata.Thosewhobelieveotheragenciescannotgetidentifieddatashowa (x+ sharpdropincertaintybetween1999and2000,from37.6percentto23.0percent(Table2.12).  d, Thechangebetween1996and1999intheproportionwhoareverysurethattheCensusBureau !P- protectsconfidentialityissignificant,butthereisnotfurtherchangefrom1999to2000(Table !<. 2.13). Xz(XXXz( "(/      m     u  +'7   Table2.12  CertaintythatCensusResponsesAreNotShared:ByYear   _*o"pUdd` dd ` dd%dd%dd%m"ne(#e(#,dd",'dd ,dd ,rdd +  ( Z Z (  How sureareyouthatothergovernmentagenciescannotgetpeople'snames n Ѐandaddressesalongwiththeiranswerstothecensus:verysure,fairlysure, ^  Ѐnottoosure,ornotsureatall? * J  *3 I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3  " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3  " @@2000 @@ K 6,!J  " 6% 'J  " '% 'J  " '% * J " *VerySure XN! "  A@34.1 A@X34.1 j`3 "  A@34.1  A@ B@37.6B@j37.6 j`3 " B@37.6 B@ 7@23.07@j23.0 KA3 " 7@23.0 7@ KFairlySure XN!J " 8@24.88@X24.8 j`3J " 8@24.8 8@ 3333335@21.23333335@j21.2 j`3J " 3333335@21.2 3333335@ ffffff?@31.4ffffff?@j31.4 KA3J " ffffff?@31.4 ffffff?@ KNotTooSure XN! " ffffff5@21.4ffffff5@X21.4 j`3 " ffffff5@21.4 ffffff5@ ffffff:@26.4ffffff:@j26.4 j`3 " ffffff:@26.4 ffffff:@ ffffff7@23.4ffffff7@j23.4 KA3 " ffffff7@23.4 ffffff7@ KNotSureatAll XN!J" 3@19.83@X19.8 j`3J" 3@19.8 3@ -@14.8-@j14.8 j`3J" -@14.8 -@ 3333336@22.23333336@j22.2 ?53J" 3333336@22.2 3333336@ ?N(weighted) ?5  @`@130@`@?130 g]2 " @`@130 @`@  R@74R@g74 g]1!"  R@74 R@ @[@109@[@g109B86"" @[@109  @[@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question7a;19992000,Question7c3. h"    Table2.13 & CertaintythatCensusBureauProtectsConfidentiality:ByYear  ' *q"rUdddd"'dd 'dd rdd ro"pe(#e(#,dd ,rdd ,dd ,dd +    /":): /L #Xz(XXXz(ǵ#XabXXXz( HowsureareyouthattheCensusBureauprotectstheconfidentialityofthis N* Ѐinformation;verysure,fairlysure,nottoosure,ornotsureatall? A7$:+" A XN! , 0@19960@X1996 j`3 -" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 ." <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 UK8 /" @@2000  @@ U 6,!:"0 6% ':"1" '% ':"2" '% 4*:"3"  4Ѐ XN!# 4 3@19.53@X19.5 j`3# 5" 3@19.5 3@ ?@31.5?@j31.5 j`3# 6" ?@31.5 ?@ ffffff>@30.4ffffff>@j30.4 PF8# 7" ffffff>@30.4  ffffff>@ PFairlySure XN!:% 8 fffffL@57.3fffffL@X57.3 j`3:% 9" fffffL@57.3 fffffL@ 33333K@55.433333K@j55.4 j`3:% :" 33333K@55.4 33333K@ ffffffN@60.8ffffffN@j60.8 KA3:% ;" ffffffN@60.8 ffffffN@ KNotTooSure XN!& "< (@12.0(@X12.0 i_3& "=" (@12.0 (@ 333333#@9.6333333#@iЀ9.6 h^2& ">" 333333#@9.6 333333#@ ffffff@5.6ffffff@hЀ5.6 J@2& "?" ffffff@5.6 ffffff@ JNotSureatAll XN!:(#@ ffffff&@11.2ffffff&@X11.2 i_3:(#A" ffffff&@11.2 ffffff&@  @3.6 @iЀ3.6 h^2:(#B"  @3.6  @ 333333@2.9333333@hЀ2.9 >42:(#C" 333333@2.9 333333@ >N(weighted) H>) %D @g@186@g@H186 h^2) %E" @g@186 @g@ @`@130@`@h130 h^2) %F" @`@130 @`@ d@164d@h164B86) %G" d@164  d@ B  Source:1996,Question7a1;19992000,Question7c4. +X&G  &,v'H   Respondentswhothoughtthatotheragenciescouldgetidentifieddata,orwhobelieved  theCensusBureaudoesnotprotectconfidentiality,werealsoaskedwhethertheythoughtthis  happenedonlyunderunusualcircumstancesorwhetherithappenedroutinely.Table2.14shows  trendsintheproportionsayingthatsuchsharingwithotheragencieshappensroutinely.Thereisa t largeincreaseintheproportionrespondingthatsuchsharingoccursonlyin unusualsituations ` between1999and2000,andacorrespondingdropintheproportionofthoserespondingthatit L  occurs routinely.Incontrast,thechangeintheproportionrespondingthatthegovernmentfails 8  toprotectconfidentialityonlyinunusualsituationsisnotsignificant(Table2.15).These $ t discrepanciesonceagainsuggestthatthesequestionshavedifferentmeaningsforrespondents.  `  Xz(XXXab  Table2.14 L  BeliefsRegardingtheFrequencyofInformationSharing:ByYear  j  j*s"wUdddd rdd rdd dd q"re(#e(#,4dd",dd",dd",dd",dd"+  (   (  Doyouthinkothergovernmentagenciesgetpeople'snamesandaddressesalongwiththeir  Z  Ѐanswerstothecensusonlyinunusualsituations,ordoesthishappenroutinely? * F *b I?v" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3v" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3v" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3v" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3v" @@2000 @@ K 6,!2" 6% '2" '% '2" '% '2" '% * 2" *UnusualSituations XN!N L4@20.3L4@X20.3 j`3N" L4@20.3 L4@ 3@19.03@j19.0 j`3N" 3@19.0 3@ L6@22.3L6@j22.3 j`3N" L6@22.3 L6@ 333333A@34.4333333A@j34.4 KA3N" 333333A@34.4 333333A@ KRoutinely XN!   Q@68.2 Q@X68.2 j`3  "  Q@68.2  Q@ fffffFQ@69.1fffffFQ@j69.1 j`3 !" fffffFQ@69.1 fffffFQ@ 333333R@72.8333333R@j72.8 j`3 "" 333333R@72.8 333333R@ fffff&M@58.3fffff&M@j58.3 KA3 #" fffff&M@58.3 fffff&M@ KDontKnow XN!&v$ '@11.5'@X11.5 j`3&v%" '@11.5 '@ (@12.0(@j12.0 i_3&v&" (@12.0 (@ @4.9@iЀ4.9 h^2&v'" @4.9 @ 333333@7.3333333@hЀ7.3 C92&v(" 333333@7.3 333333@ pCN(weighted) ?5 ) @722@?722 h^2*" @722 @ Pw@373Pw@h373 h^2+" Pw@373 Pw@ m@237m@h237 h^2," m@237 m@ q@272q@h272G=;-" q@272 p  q@ Gs򀀀Source:19951996,Question7c;19992000,Question7e3.#XabXXXz(K#  - ЀNote:When"don'tknow"isgivenasanexplicitresponseoption,orwhen"don'tknow" >. Ѐresponsestotalmorethan10percent,thedistributionofsuchresponsesisshowninthetables. */ Xz(XXXab    $+t&: ЇTable2.15  BeliefsRegardingtheFrequencyofFailingtoProtectConfidentiality:ByYear   *x"yUrdd4dd"4dd"dd"dd"dd"s"we(#e(#,` dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (  DoyouthinktheCensusBureaudoesnotprotecttheconfidentialityofthis n Ѐinformationonlyinunusualsituations,ordoesthishappenroutinely? * Z  * I? *" 0@19960@I1996 j`3 *" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 *" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 * " @@2000 @@ K 6,!Z  " 6% 'Z  " '% 'Z  " '% * Z  " *UnusualSituations XN! *  7@23.07@X23.0 j`3 * " 7@23.0 7@ 9@25.09@j25.0 j`3 * " 9@25.0 9@ :@26.6:@j26.6 KA3 * " :@26.6 :@ KRoutinely XN!Z  YQ@69.4YQ@X69.4 j`3Z " YQ@69.4 YQ@ fffffQ@68.1fffffQ@j68.1 j`3Z " fffffQ@68.1 fffffQ@ P@66.0P@j66.0 KA3Z " P@66.0 P@ KDontKnow WM!*  ffffff@7.6ffffff@WЀ7.6 h^2* " ffffff@7.6 ffffff@ @6.9@hЀ6.9 h^2* " @6.9 @ @7.5@hЀ7.5 >42* " @7.5 @ >N(weighted) G=Z   W@94W@G94 f\1Z "  W@94 W@  M@58M@f58 f\1Z "  M@58 M@  N@61N@f61A75Z "  N@61  N@ A򀀀Source:1996,Question7c1;19992000,Question7e4.  #XabXXXz(#  Finally,respondentswereaskedhowmuchitwouldbotherthemiftheirindividual 4 responsesweresharedwithotheragencies,oriftheCensusBureaudidnotkeepdataconfidential.    ResponsesareshowninTables2.16and2.17.Bothquestionsshowasignificantincrease  ! between1996and1999intheproportionsayingtheywouldbebothered alot.Thus,whilethere " wassomechangeincognitionaboutCensusBureaupracticeswithrespecttoconfidentiality # duringtheseyears,therewasalsoamarkedincreaseinpublicconcernaboutthisissue. $  Xz(XXXab   B+&3 ЇTable2.16  HowBotheredIfCensusResponsesWereShared:ByYear   G*z"{U'drd` dd ` dd dd dd x"ye(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (  Howmuchwoulditbotheryouifanothergovernmentagency,outsidetheCensusBureau, n Ѐgotyournameandaddressalongwithyouranswerstothecensus?Woulditbotheryoua Z  Ѐlot,some,alittle,ornotatall? * F  *X I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3  " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3  " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3  " @@2000 @@ K 6,!F  " 6% 'F  " '% 'F " '% 'F " '% * F " *ALot XN!  ffffffB@36.8ffffffB@X36.8 j`3 " ffffffB@36.8 ffffffB@ YC@38.7YC@j38.7 j`3 " YC@38.7 YC@ 33333F@45.433333F@j45.4 j`3 " 33333F@45.4 33333F@ F@45.6F@j45.6 KA3 " F@45.6 F@ KSome XN!F  fffff5@21.9fffff5@X21.9 j`3F " fffff5@21.9 fffff5@ ffffff7@23.4ffffff7@j23.4 j`3F " ffffff7@23.4 ffffff7@ fffff7@23.9fffff7@j23.9 j`3F " fffff7@23.9 fffff7@ 4@20.14@j20.1 KA3F " 4@20.1 4@ KALittle WM!  #@9.8#@WЀ9.8 i_2 " #@9.8 #@ 333333&@11.1333333&@i11.1 i_3 " 333333&@11.1 333333&@ 333333#@9.6333333#@iЀ9.6 i_2 " 333333#@9.6 333333#@ )@12.5)@i12.5 KA3 " )@12.5 )@ KNotatAll XN!F  ?@31.6?@X31.6 j`3F!" ?@31.6 ?@ fffff:@26.9fffff:@j26.9 j`3F"" fffff:@26.9 fffff:@ 3333335@21.23333335@j21.2 j`3F#" 3333335@21.2 3333335@ 5@21.85@j21.8 ?53F$" 5@21.8 5@ ?N(weighted) I?% \@1367\@I1367 i_3&" \@1367 \@ X@587X@i587 h^2'" X@587 X@  @548 @h548 G=2("  @548  @ G634")"  "򀀀Source:19951996,Question7d;19992000,Question7f3. d) #XabXXXz((#Xz(XXXab   Table2.17 n, HowBotheredIfCensusBureauDidNotProtectConfidentiality:ByYear  - n*|"}Ud'ddd dd dd dd dd z"{e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (/ (  Howmuchwoulditbotheryouifyouranswerstothecensuswerenotkept ,|0 Ѐconfidential?Woulditbotheryoualot,some,alittle,ornotatall? * h1 *d I?2" 0@19960@I1996 j`33" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`34" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA35" @@2000 @@ K 6,! H6" 6% ' H7" '% ' H8" '% *  H9" *ALot XN!X": LB@36.6LB@X36.6 j`3X";" LB@36.6 LB@ 333333G@46.4333333G@j46.4 j`3X"<" 333333G@46.4 333333G@ H@49.6H@j49.6 KA3X"=" H@49.6 H@ KSome XN!#> 2@18.02@X18.0 j`3#?" 2@18.0 2@ 2@18.62@j18.6 j`3#@" 2@18.6 2@ 333331@17.7333331@j17.7 KA3#A" 333331@17.7 333331@ KALittle XN!%h B ffffff%@10.7ffffff%@X10.7 j`3%h C" ffffff%@10.7 ffffff%@ 333333)@12.6333333)@j12.6 j`3%h D" 333333)@12.6 333333)@ *@13.0*@j13.0 KA3%h E" *@13.0 *@ KNotatAll XN!x&!F YA@34.7YA@X34.7 j`3x&!G" YA@34.7 YA@ ffffff6@22.4ffffff6@j22.4 j`3x&!H" ffffff6@22.4 ffffff6@ 333333@19.7333333@j19.7 ?53x&!I" 333333@19.7 333333@ ?N(weighted) H>'(#J  @580 @H580 h^2'(#K"  @580  @ @547@h547 h^2'(#L" @547 @ @656@h656B86'(#M" @656  @ B^  Source:1996,Question7d1;19992000,Question7f4.#XabXXXz(L# )V$M    B+&O Ї  Neartheendofthe1996interview,respondentswereaskedwhethertheCensusBureau  wasforbiddenbylawfromsharingidentifieddatawithotheragencies,or(inasplitballot  version)whethertheCensusBureauwasrequiredbylawtokeepthedataconfidential.These  questionswererepeatedin1999and2000.Trendsinresponsestothe forbiddenbylaw t questionareshowninTable2.18,whichshowsalargeincreaseintheproportiongivingthe ` correctresponsebetween1996and1999,andafurtherproportionalincreasebetween1999and L  2000.Atthesametime,incorrectresponsesalsoincreasedbetween1996and1999,butthistrend 8  wasreversedin2000,perhapsasaresultofCensusBureaupublicity.Table2.19,whichshows $ t responsestothe requiredtokeepconfidentialquestion,showsasimilartrend,althoughinevery  ` yeartheproportionbelievingthatthereisalawrequiringconfidentialityismuchlargerthanthe  L  proportionbelievingthatthereisalawforbiddingdatasharingwithotheragencies.Thisis  8  furtherevidencethatthemeaningofthetwoquestions,intendedasequivalent,isnotthesame.  $  Xz(XXXab  Table2.18 `  IsCensusBureauForbiddenByLawfromSharingInformation:ByYear .~   *~"U'dddd dd dd dd |"}e(#e(#,` dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  +!jj +  Asfarasyouknow,istheCensusBureauforbiddenbylawfromgivingother  Ѐgovernmentagenciesinformationidentifiedbynameoraddress? 9/$  9A I?:" 0@19960@I1996 j`3:" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3:" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3:" @@2000 @@ K 6,!" 6% '" '% '" '% * " *Yes,Forbidden XN!2 L<@28.3L<@X28.3 j`32" L<@28.3 L<@ fffffE@43.3fffffE@j43.3 j`32" fffffE@43.3 fffffE@ 33333sH@48.933333sH@j48.9 KA32" 33333sH@48.9 33333sH@ KNo,NotForbidden XN!6 1@17.11@X17.1 j`36 " 1@17.1 1@ 33333=@29.733333=@j29.7 j`36!" 33333=@29.7 33333=@ 3@19.03@j19.0 KA36"" 3@19.0 3@ KDontknow XN!# LK@54.6LK@X54.6 j`3$" LK@54.6 LK@ ;@27.0;@j27.0 j`3%" ;@27.0 ;@  @@32.1 @@j32.1 ?53&"  @@32.1  @@ ?N(weighted) H>.' @579@H579 h^2.(" @579 @ Ї@762Ї@h762 h^2.)" Ї@762 Ї@ h@973h@h973B86.*" h@973  h@ BG  ӀSource:1996,Question22a;19992000,Question24a. P* #XabXXXz(O#! Xz(XXXab     J+&5 ЇTable2.19  ЀIsCensusBureauRequiredtoKeepInformationConfidential:ByYear   r"*"U d'd` dd ` dd dd dd ~"e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,8dd +  ( Z Z (Asfarasyouknow,istheCensusBureaurequiredbylawtokeep n Ѐinformationconfidential? * Z  * I? *" 0@19960@I1996 j`3 *" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 *" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 * " @@2000 @@ K 6,!Z  " 6% 'Z  " '% 'Z  " '% * Z  " *Yes,Required XN! *  ̌I@51.1̌I@X51.1 j`3 * " ̌I@51.1 ̌I@ 33333Q@71.333333Q@j71.3 j`3 * " 33333Q@71.3 33333Q@ S@76.0S@j76.0 KA3 * " S@76.0 S@ KNo,NotRequired XN!Z  333333'@11.6333333'@X11.6 j`3Z " 333333'@11.6 333333'@ ffffff/@15.7ffffff/@j15.7 i_3Z " ffffff/@15.7 ffffff/@ @7.5@iЀ7.5 J@2Z " @7.5 @ JDontknow XN!*  fffffB@37.3fffffB@X37.3 j`3* " fffffB@37.3 fffffB@ *@13.0*@j13.0 j`3* " *@13.0 *@ 0@16.50@j16.5 ?53* " 0@16.5 0@ ?N(weighted) H>Z  @636@H636 h^2Z " @636 @ @912@h912 i_2Z " @912 @ `@1004`@i1004C97Z " `@1004  `@ C  Source:1996,Question22b;19992000,Question24b.#XabXXXz(G"#    Inallthreeyears,respondentswhoindicatedthattherewerelawsforbiddingdatasharing 4 orrequiringconfidentialitywereaskedwhethertheytrustedtheCensusBureautoobeythese    laws.Table2.20showstrendsinresponsestothisquestion(becauseresponsesdidnotdiffer  ! dependingonwhichversionoftheprecedingquestiontherespondentreceived,theyhavebeen " combinedinthistable).Thesmallfluctuationsinthepercentagesayingtheywouldtrustthe # CensusBureauarenotstatisticallysignificant.But,coupledwiththeincreaseinawarenessofthe $ relevantlaws,thismeansthatalargernumberofpeopletrustedtheCensusBureauin2000than l% didsoin1996. Xz(XXXab m  X&   Table2.20 v' h1    TrustCensusBureautoKeepInformationConfidential (      m (ThoseWhoKnowtheLawOnly):ByYear )  *c"jUd ddd dd dd 8dd 8"e(#e(#,Fdd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (!>+!> (DoyoutrusttheCensusBureautokeepinformationconfidential? * R"," * I?#"-" 0@19960@I1996 j`3#"." 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3#"/" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3#"0" @@2000 @@ K 6,!R% 1" 6% 'R% 2" '% 'R% 3" '% * R% 4" *Yes XN!&""5 ̬P@66.7̬P@X66.7 j`3&""6" ̬P@66.7 ̬P@ 33333SQ@69.333333SQ@j69.3 j`3&""7" 33333SQ@69.3 33333SQ@ 33333P@67.833333P@j67.8 H>3&""8" 33333P@67.8 33333P@ HNo I?R(#9 fffff@@33.3fffff@@I33.3 j`3R(#:" fffff@@33.3 fffff@@ 33333>@30.733333>@j30.7 j`3R(#;" 33333>@30.7 33333>@ @@32.2@@j32.2 ?53R(#<" @@32.2 @@ ?N(weighted) H>)"%= }@464}@H464 h^2)"%>" }@464 }@ @957@h957 i_2)"%?" @957 @ @1197@i1197C97)"%@" @1197  @ C  Source:1996,Question22a1;19992000,Question24b1.#XabXXXz((1#  +p&@  >,'A   Neartheendofthequestionnaire,respondentswereaskedthreequestionsdesignedto  measuretheprevalenceofsuspicionssometimesvoicedaboutthemisuseofcensusdataforlaw  enforcementpurposes.Thefirstofthese,askedin1995,1999,and2000,asked, Doyoubelieve  thepoliceandtheFBIusethecensustokeeptrackoftroublemakers?Thepercentageofthose t givingthecorrectresponseincreasedsignificantly,form52.1percentto63.5percent,between ` 1999and2000.Thesecondquestion,askedonlyin1999and2000,asked, Howabouttolocate L  illegalaliens?Doyoubelievethecensusisusedforthat?ThepercentagesayingYesdeclined 8  significantly,from50.3percentin1999to42.1percentin2000.Finally,respondentsin1999and $ t 2000wereasked, Doyouagreeordisagreethatpeoplesanswerstothecensuscanbeused  ` againstthem?Thepercentageagreeingdeclinedfrom39.2percentto37.3percent,butthis  L  changewasnotstatisticallysignificant.  8   2.3AttitudestowardUseofAdministrativeRecords $t     TheCensusBureauhadconsideredusingadministrativerecordsfromothergovernment `  agenciestohelpreducetheproblemoftheundercountinthe2000census.Consequently,itwas L verymuchinterestedinascertainingtheviewsofthepubliconthisissue,andespeciallytrendsin 8 opinionsovertime. $t  2.3.1AttitudestowardUsingAdministrativeRecordstoReducetheUndercount  `   Inordertomeasurepublicattitudes,thesurveysfirstinformedrespondentsaboutthe  existenceoftheundercount,andthenaskedhowtheyfeltaboutspecificfederalagenciessharing  datawiththeCensusBureauinorderto identifypeoplewhoaremissedinthecensus.Onlytwo p oftheagencieswereaskedaboutinallfoursurveys.Trendsinresponsestothequestionaboutthe \ SocialSecurityAgency(SSA)areshowninTable2.21;trendsinresponsestothequestionabout H theInternalRevenueService(IRS)areshowninTable2.22.Thethirdagencyaskedaboutvaried 4 fromyeartoyear.In1995itwastheImmigrationandNaturalizationService(INS);in1996,it  p wastheFoodStampOffice(FSO);in1999and2000itwas agenciesprovidingpublichousing  \ assistance.ResponsestoquestionsabouttheseagenciesareshowninTable2.23.}  #  5        H  '"#  Xz(XXXab  Table2.21  OpinionsTowardtheSSASharingShortForm  ЀInformationwiththeCensusBureau:ByYear <  G*"UddFdd Fdd dd dd c"je(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (( x( x (   WouldyoufavororopposetheSocialSecurityAdministrationgivingtheCensusBureauthe   Ѐname,address,age,sex,andraceofallthepeopleforwhomtheyhaveinformationintheir x  Ѐrecords? * d  *FI I? 4" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 4 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 4 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 4 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 4 " @@2000 @@ K 6,!d " 6% 'd " '% 'd " '% 'd " '% * d " *Favor XN!4  333333S@76.8333333S@X76.8 j`34 " 333333S@76.8 333333S@ fffffS@76.1fffffS@j76.1 j`34 " fffffS@76.1 fffffS@ fffff&P@64.6fffff&P@j64.6 j`34 " fffff&P@64.6 fffff&P@ 33333SP@65.333333SP@j65.3 H>34 " 33333SP@65.3 33333SP@ HOppose I?d  3333337@23.23333337@I23.2 j`3d " 3333337@23.2 3333337@ fffff7@23.9fffff7@j23.9 j`3d " fffff7@23.9 fffff7@ 33333A@35.433333A@j35.4 j`3d " 33333A@35.4 33333A@ YA@34.7YA@j34.7 ?53d " YA@34.7 YA@ ?N(weighted) I?4 l@1371l@I1371 j`34" l@1371 l@ @1159@j1159 j`34" @1159 @ @1643@j1643 j`34" @1643 @ @1925@j1925C974 " @1925  @ CSource:1995,Question12a,b,orc,dependingonorder;19962000,Question10,12,or13, 2  dependingonorder.#XabXXXz(F# P! Xz(XXXab   Table2.22 # OpinionsTowardtheIRSSharingShortForm $ ЀInformationwiththeCensusBureau:ByYear %  S*"Udddd dd dd dd dd "e(#e(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (T'T (  WouldyoufavororopposetheInternalRevenueServicegivingtheCensusBureauthename, h( Ѐaddress,age,sex,andraceofallthepeopleforwhomtheyhaveinformationintheir T) Ѐrecords? * @* *V I?+" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3," ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3-" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3." <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3/" @@2000 @@ K 6,!@!0" 6% '@!1" '% '@!2" '% '@!3" '% * @!4" *Favor XN!"5 Q@70.5Q@X70.5 j`3"6" Q@70.5 Q@ 33333SQ@69.333333SQ@j69.3 j`3"7" 33333SQ@69.3 33333SQ@ K@54.0K@j54.0 j`3"8" K@54.0 K@ K@55.2K@j55.2 H>3"9" K@55.2 K@ HOppose I?@$: =@29.5=@I29.5 j`3@$;" =@29.5 =@ 33333>@30.733333>@j30.7 j`3@$<" 33333>@30.7 33333>@ G@46.0G@j46.0 j`3@$=" G@46.0 G@ ffffffF@44.8ffffffF@j44.8 ?53@$>" ffffffF@44.8 ffffffF@ ?N(weighted) I?%!? X@1366X@I1366 j`3%!@" X@1366 X@ <@1167<@j1167 j`3%!A" <@1167 <@ L@1619L@j1619 H>3%!B" L@1619 L@ H1925"%!C"  "Source:1995,Question12a,b,orc,dependingonorder;19962000,Question10,12,or13, '^"C dependingonorder.#XabXXXz(S# ,(|#D Xz(XXXab    +&G ЇTable2.23  OpinionsTowardOtherAgenciesSharingShortForm  ЀInformationwiththeCensusBureau:ByYear <  l`e*"Udddd dd dd dd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  $( x( x $ I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3  " @@2000 @@ K 6,!  " 6% '  " '% '  " '% '  " '% *  " *Favor XN! T ̌S@78.2̌S@X78.2 j`3 T" ̌S@78.2 ̌S@ fffffR@75.1fffffR@j75.1 j`3 T" fffffR@75.1 fffffR@ `P@65.5`P@j65.5 j`3 T" `P@65.5 `P@ P@67.7P@j67.7 H>3 T" P@67.7 P@ HOppose I?@  5@21.85@I21.8 j`3@ " 5@21.8 5@ 9@25.09@j25.0 j`3@ " 9@25.0 9@ @A@34.5@A@j34.5 j`3@ " @A@34.5 @A@ fffff&@@32.3fffff&@@j32.3 ?53@ " fffff&@@32.3 fffff&@@ ?N(weighted) I?|  @1336@I1336 j`3| " @1336 @ @1159@j1159 j`3| " @1159 @ (@1610(@j1610 j`3| " (@1610 (@ ȝ@1906ȝ@j1906C97| " ȝ@1906  ȝ@ CbSource:1995,Question12a,b,orc,dependingonorder;19962000,Question10,12,or13,   dependingonorder.In1995,theagencyaskedaboutwastheINS;in1996,theFSO;andin   19992000, agenciesprovidingpublichousingassistance.   #XabXXXz(J`# r ThereisatwelvepercentagepointdropinapprovaloftheSSAsharingdatawiththe N! CensusBureaubetween1995and1999;virtuallyallofthisdropoccursbetween1996and1999, :" andthelevelofapprovalremainsconstantbetween1999and2000(Table2.21).Thesamepattern &# isapparentinTable2.22,whichshowstrendsinapprovaloftheIRSsharingdata,exceptthatthe $ declineinapprovalbetween1996and1999isevengreater.Levelsofapprovalforotheragencies, % whichareshowninTable2.23,parallelthosefortheSSA. &  r  +&7 iOY- i i   r Table2.24showsthepercentageapprovingdatasharingbyallthreeoftheagencies  mentioned.Herewecanseeasmalldropinapprovalbetween1995and1996,from62.6percent  to58.7percentandthenanotherdeclineto43.8percentand44.3percentin1999and2000,  respectively,bywhichtimesuchsharingofadministrativedataisapprovedbyonlyaminorityof t thepopulation. Xz(XXXab `   Table2.24   OpinionsTowardAllThreeAgenciesSharingShortFormInformation   withtheCensusBureau:ByYear  ( XXz( q*"Udddd dd dd dd dd "(#(#,4dd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,Fdd ,dd +  $   $#Xz(Xr# I?*z " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3*z " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3*z " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3*z " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3*z " @@2000 @@ K 6,!r " 6% 'r " '% 'r " '% 'r " '% * r " *FavorAllThree XN!  LO@62.6LO@X62.6 j`3 " LO@62.6 LO@ YM@58.7YM@j58.7 j`3 " YM@58.7 YM@ fffffE@43.8fffffE@j43.8 j`3 " fffffE@43.8 fffffE@ fffff&F@44.3fffff&F@j44.3 H>3 " fffff&F@44.3 fffff&F@ HOpposeAtLeastOne I?R 33333B@37.433333B@I37.4 j`3R" 33333B@37.4 33333B@ fffffD@41.3fffffD@j41.3 j`3R" fffffD@41.3 fffffD@ L@56.2L@j56.2 j`3R" L@56.2 L@ K@55.7K@j55.7 ?53R" K@55.7 K@ ?N(weighted) I?J ԓ@1269ԓ@I1269 j`3J " ԓ@1269 ԓ@ H@1106H@j1106 j`3J!" H@1106 H@ @1568@j1568 j`3J"" @1568 @ ̜@1843̜@j1843C97J#" ̜@1843  ̜@ C9t򀀀Source: YestoQuestions12a,b,andcin1995,andtoQuestions10,12,and13in1996 `# Ѐ2000.TheSSAandtheIRSwereaskedaboutinallfouryears,and,inaddition,theINSwas L$ Ѐaskedaboutin1995,theFSOin1996,and agenciesprovidingpublichousingassistancein 8% Ѐ19992000.#XabXXXz(q# $t&  r Anumberofotherquestionsonthesurveyarerelevanttotheissueofdatasharing,and `( mostshowsimilartrends.First,itisclearlyofimportancetoknowhowstronglybeliefsaboutdata L) sharingareheld.Forexample,ifapprovalhasdroppedbutthoseopposeddontfeelverystrongly 8* aboutthis,thechangeinbeliefwouldhavelesssignificancethanifthebeliefsarestronglyheld. $t+ Tables2.25and2.26showthestrengthofbeliefofthosewhoopposedatasharingbytheSSAand `, IRS,respectively.Thereisnosignificantchangebetween1995and2000inthepercentagevery L- stronglyapposedtodatasharingbyeithertheSSAortheIRS. Xz(XXXab 8.    2,'9 Table2.25  StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbySSA:ByYear   !*"Udd4dd 4Fdd FFdd FFdd Fdd "(#(#,4dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  ( Z Z (  Howstronglydoyoufeelaboutthis:verystrongly,somewhatstrongly,nottoostrongly,ornot n Ѐstronglyatall? * Z  *A I? *" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 *" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 *" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 * " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 * " @@2000 @@ K 6,!Z  " 6% 'Z  " '% 'Z  " '% 'Z " '% /%Z " /VeryStrongly XN! *  fffff&M@58.3fffff&M@X58.3 j`3 * " fffff&M@58.3 fffff&M@ LL@56.6LL@j56.6 j`3 * " LL@56.6 LL@ K@55.2K@j55.2 j`3 * " K@55.2 K@ ffffffJ@52.8ffffffJ@j52.8 PF8 * " ffffffJ@52.8  ffffffJ@ PSomewhatStrongly XN!  =@29.6=@X29.6 j`3 " =@29.6 =@ B@36.0B@j36.0 j`3 " B@36.0 B@ @@@32.5@@@j32.5 j`3 " @@@32.5 @@@ D@40.0D@j40.0 KA3 " D@40.0 D@ KNotTooStrongly WM!T  !@8.9!@WЀ8.9 h^2T " !@8.9 !@ @4.9@hЀ4.9 i_2T " @4.9 @ $@10.0$@i10.0 i_3T " $@10.0 $@ @5.7@iЀ5.7 J@2T " @5.7 @ JNotStronglyatAll WM!   @3.2 @WЀ3.2 h^2 "  @3.2  @ @2.5@hЀ2.5 h^2 !" @2.5 @ @2.2@hЀ2.2 h^2 "" @2.2 @ ?1.5?hЀ1.5 >42 #" ?1.5 ? >N(weighted) H>T$ @Y@101@Y@H101 g]2T%" @Y@101 @Y@  U@87U@g87 g]1T&"  U@87 U@ d@166d@g166 h^2T'" d@166 d@  k@217 k@h217B86T("  k@217   k@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question12a1,forthoseopposedtodatasharingbySSA;19962000, R( ЀQuestion11,forthoseopposedtodatasharingbySSA.#XabXXXz(# p) Xz(XXXab   Table2.26 + StrengthofOppositiontoDataSharingbyIRS:ByYear ,  *"Udd4dd 4dd dd dd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,Fdd ,dd ,dd +  (V.V (  Howstronglydoyoufeelaboutthis:verystrongly,somewhatstrongly,nottoostrongly,or j/ Ѐnotstronglyatall? * V0 * I?&1" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3&2" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3&3" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3&4" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3&5" @@2000 @@ K 6,!V 6" 6% 'V 7" '% 'V 8" '% 'V 9" '% * V :" *VeryStrongly XN!!&; L@57.6L@X57.6 j`3!&<" L@57.6 L@ 33333Q@70.833333Q@j70.8 j`3!&=" 33333Q@70.8 33333Q@ M@58.0M@j58.0 j`3!&>" M@58.0 M@ ̌O@63.1̌O@j63.1 KA3!&?" ̌O@63.1 ̌O@ KSomewhatStrongly XN!V#@ :@26.8:@X26.8 j`3V#A" :@26.8 :@ 7@23.17@j23.1 j`3V#B" 7@23.1 7@ 33333s@@32.933333s@@j32.9 j`3V#C" 33333s@@32.9 33333s@@ ?@31.0?@j31.0 KA3V#D" ?@31.0 ?@ KNotTooStrongly XN!$& E (@12.3(@X12.3 i_3$& F" (@12.3 (@ @5.0@iЀ5.0 h^2$& G" @5.0 @ 333333@7.3333333@hЀ7.3 h^2$& H" 333333@7.3 333333@ @5.4@hЀ5.4 J@2$& I" @5.4 @ JNotStronglyatAll WM!V&!J ffffff @3.3ffffff @WЀ3.3 h^2V&!K" ffffff @3.3 ffffff @ ?1.1?hЀ1.1 h^2V&!L" ?1.1 ? ffffff?1.9ffffff?hЀ1.9 h^2V&!M" ffffff?1.9 ffffff? ?0.5?hЀ0.5 >42V&!N" ?0.5 ? >N(weighted) H>'&#O `@135`@H135 h^2'&#P" `@135 `@ \@114\@h114 h^2'&#Q" \@114 \@  n@241 n@h241 h^2'&#R"  n@241  n@ q@282q@h282B86'&#S" q@282  q@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question12a1forthoseopposedtodatasharingbyIRS;19962000, $)t$S ЀQuestion11forthoseopposedtodatasharingbyIRS.#XabXXXz(# B*%T  `+&U  r StrengthoffavoringdatasharingbytheSSA,showninTable2.27,showsasignificantdecline  between1995and2000ofabouttenpercentagepointsinthoseverystronglyinfavorofthe   proposal,offsetbyacorrespondingriseinthosefavoringit somewhatstrongly.Opinion  favoringdatasharingbytheIRSshowsasomewhatdifferentpattern(Table2.28).Thepercentage  ofthoseverystronglyinfavordeclinesbyalmost12percentagepointsbetween1995and1999,but ~  thenincreases,in2000,from22.8percentto28.5percent. Xz(XXXab j    Table2.27   StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbySSA:ByYear     *"Udddd dd Fdd Fdd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,Fdd ,dd +  -#P P  -  Howstronglydoyoufeelaboutthis:verystrongly,somewhatstrongly,nottoo d  Ѐstrongly,ornotstronglyatall? /%P    /ç I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 " @@2000 @@ K 6,!$t" 6% '$t" '% '$t" '% '$t" '% * $t" *VeryStrongly XN!x C@39.5C@X39.5 j`3x" C@39.5 C@ 33333A@35.433333A@j35.4 j`3x" 33333A@35.4 33333A@ 333333<@28.2333333<@j28.2 j`3x" 333333<@28.2 333333<@ =@29.1=@j29.1 KA3x" =@29.1 =@ KSomewhatStrongly XN! LF@44.6LF@X44.6 j`3" LF@44.6 LF@ G@47.5G@j47.5 j`3" G@47.5 G@ ̌K@55.1̌K@j55.1 j`3 " ̌K@55.1 ̌K@ J@53.2J@j53.2 KA3!" J@53.2 J@ KNotTooStrongly XN! p" ffffff+@13.7ffffff+@X13.7 j`3 p#" ffffff+@13.7 ffffff+@ '@11.9'@j11.9 j`3 p$" '@11.9 '@ ffffff-@14.7ffffff-@j14.7 j`3 p%" ffffff-@14.7 ffffff-@ (@12.4(@j12.4 KA3 p&" (@12.4 (@ KNotStronglyatAll WM!t' @2.2@WЀ2.2 h^2t(" @2.2 @ @5.2@hЀ5.2 h^2t)" @5.2 @ @2.1@hЀ2.1 h^2t*" @2.1 @ @5.4@hЀ5.4 >42t+" @5.4 @ >N(weighted) H>,  w@370 w@H370 h^2-"  w@370  w@ q@272q@h272 h^2." q@272 q@ @v@356@v@h356 h^2/" @v@356 @v@ x@394x@h394B860" x@394  x@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question12a1forthosefavoringdatasharingbySSA;19962000, :0 ЀQuestion11forthosefavoringdatasharingbySSA.#XabXXXz(# Xz(XXXab X1    +&> Ї̀Table2.28  c r StrengthofFavoringDataSharingbyIRS:ByYear <  *"Udddd dd dd Fdd Fdd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,edd ,edd ,dd +  (( x( x (  Howstronglydoyoufeelaboutthis:verystrongly,somewhatstrongly,nottoo   Ѐstrongly,ornotstronglyatall? * x  * I? H" ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 H" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 H " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 H " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 H " @@2000 @@ K 6,!x  " 6% 'x  " '% 'x " '% 'x " '% * x " *VeryStrongly XN!H  333333A@34.4333333A@X34.4 j`3H " 333333A@34.4 333333A@ @@32.0@@j32.0 j`3H " @@32.0 @@ 6@22.86@j22.8 j`3H " 6@22.8 6@ <@28.5<@j28.5 KA3H " <@28.5 <@ KSomewhatStrongly XN!x  33333I@51.933333I@X51.9 j`3x " 33333I@51.9 33333I@ 33333sF@44.933333sF@j44.9 j`3x " 33333sF@44.9 33333sF@ L@56.2L@j56.2 j`3x " L@56.2 L@  K@54.1 K@j54.1 KA3x "  K@54.1  K@ KNotTooStrongly XN!H  333333%@10.6333333%@X10.6 j`3H " 333333%@10.6 333333%@ 1@17.61@j17.6 j`3H " 1@17.6 1@ 1@17.61@j17.6 j`3H " 1@17.6 1@ ,@14.4,@j14.4 KA3H " ,@14.4 ,@ KNotStronglyatAll#XabXXXz(/#Xz(XXXab WM!x  @3.0@WЀ3.0 h^2x!" @3.0 @ @5.5@hЀ5.5 h^2x"" @5.5 @ 333333 @3.4333333 @hЀ3.4 h^2x#" 333333 @3.4 333333 @ 333333@2.9333333@hЀ2.9 >42x$" 333333@2.9 333333@ >N(weighted) H>H% pt@327pt@H327 h^2H&" pt@327 pt@ q@280q@h280 h^2H'" q@280 q@ Pr@293Pr@h293 h^2H(" Pr@293 Pr@  y@402 y@h402B86H)"  y@402   y@ B򀀀Source:1995,Question12a1forthosefavoringdatasharingbytheIRS; F) Ѐ19962000,Question11forthosefavoringdatasharingbytheIRS. d* #XabXXXz(v# 2.3.2AttitudestowardUsingAdministrativeRecordstoReplacetheShortForm  ,  r Sofar,questionshaveaddressedtheuseofinformationfromothergovernmentagenciesto (. augmentinformationgatheredbymeansofthecensusshortform.Wealso,however,askedhow / respondentsregardedthepossibilityofenumeratingthepopulationbyusingonlyrecordsalreadyin 0 thepossessionofothergovernmentagencies,whichwouldrelieveeveryoneofthenecessityfor 1 completingandreturningacensusshortform. 2  r  r TrendsinthepercentageofthosefavoringarecordsonlycensusareshowninTable2.29. "25 Supportforthisproposaldeclinedbyapproximatelyseventeenpercentagepointsbetween1995 #6 and2000,andismuchlowerineveryyearthantheproportionfavoringtheuseofadministrative $ 7 recordstoreduceoreliminatetheundercount. % 8  Xz(XXXab r    "  z  '2#:  <+&= Ї  ӀTable2.29     @r OpinionsTowarda RecordsOnlyCensus:ByYear  < E*"Udddd dd edd eedd edd "(#(#,dd ,@dd ,@dd ,@dd ,dd +  (( x( x (WouldyoufavororopposetheCensusBureaugettingeveryonesname,address,   Ѐage,sex,race,[andmaritalstatus]fromtherecordsofothergovernmentagencies, x  Ѐsonoonewouldhavetofilloutacensusform? -#d  - XN! 4 ,@1995,@X1995 j`3 4 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 4 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 4 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 H>3 4 " @@2000 @@ H 'd  '% 'd " '% 'd " '% 'd " '% * d " *Favor XN!4  M@59.0M@X59.0 j`34 " M@59.0 M@ YK@54.7YK@j54.7 j`34 " YK@54.7 YK@ @G@46.5@G@j46.5 j`34 " @G@46.5 @G@ fffff&E@42.3fffff&E@j42.3 H>34 " fffff&E@42.3 fffff&E@ HOppose I?d  D@41.0D@I41.0 j`3d " D@41.0 D@ fffffF@45.3fffffF@j45.3 j`3d " fffffF@45.3 fffffF@ J@53.5J@j53.5 j`3d " J@53.5 J@ L@57.7L@j57.7 ?53d " L@57.7 L@ ?N(weighted) I?4 @1338@I1338 j`34" @1338 @ đ@1137đ@j1137 j`34" đ@1137 đ@ t@1629t@j1629 j`34" t@1629 t@ @1915@j1915C974 " @1915  @ C򀀀Source:1995,Question13;19962000,Question14.#XabXXXz(# 2   r Respondentswhoreportedthattheyopposedtheexclusiveuseofrecordsasawayto n" enumeratethepopulationweresubsequentlyaskediftheywouldfavorthisprocedureifitsaved Z# money.Thenonsignificantchangebetween1995and1996wasfollowedbyasignificantdecline F$ between1996and1999(Table2.30),withnofurtherchangebetween1999and2000.Thosewho 2% opposedarecordsonlycensuswerealsoaskedwhethertheywouldfavorsuchapracticeifitledto n& amoreaccuratecount.Underthiscondition,thepercentagefavoringtheuseofrecordsis  Z' significantlyhigherineveryyear,butthefluctuationsfromyeartoyeararenotsignificant(Table F( 2.31).  2) Xz(XXXab   h+&6 ЇTable2.30    ӀOpinionsTowarda RecordsOnlyCensus,IfItCostsLess:ByYear <   *"Udddd @dd @@dd @@dd @dd "(#(#, dd ,dd ,dd ,edd ,dd +  -#( x( x -Ifcountingthepopulationbycombininginformationfromdifferentagenciescosts   Ѐlessthansendingoutcensusforms,wouldyoufavororopposetheCensusBureau x  Ѐgettingeveryone'sname,address,age,sex,race[andmaritalstatus]fromthe d  Ѐrecordsofothergovernmentagencies? /%P    / I? " ,@1995,@I1995 j`3 " ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3 " @@2000 @@ K 6,!P " 6% 'P " '% 'P " '% 'P " '% * P " *Favor XN!  ffffffB@36.8ffffffB@X36.8 j`3 " ffffffB@36.8 ffffffB@ 333333C@38.4333333C@j38.4 j`3 " 333333C@38.4 333333C@ :@26.6:@j26.6 j`3 " :@26.6 :@ ffffff=@29.4ffffff=@j29.4 H>3 " ffffff=@29.4 ffffff=@ HOppose I?P  O@63.2O@I63.2 j`3P " O@63.2 O@ N@61.6N@j61.6 j`3P " N@61.6 N@ YR@73.4YR@j73.4 j`3P " YR@73.4 YR@ fffffQ@70.6fffffQ@j70.6 ?53P " fffffQ@70.6 fffffQ@ ?N(weighted) H>  @|@452@|@H452 h^2 " @|@452 @|@ `y@406`y@h406 h^2 " `y@406 `y@ Ȅ@665Ȅ@h665 h^2  " Ȅ@665 Ȅ@ @848@h848B86 !" @848  @ B  ӀSource:1995,Question14a;19962000,Question15a.#XabXXXz(# n! EXz(XXXab Table2.31 x$ OpinionsTowarda RecordsOnlyCensusIfItIncreasesAccuracy:ByYear  % *"UFdd dd  dd dd edd edd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,Fdd ,dd ,dd +  -#"'" -  Ifgettinginformationfromdifferentagenciesledtoamoreaccuratecountthan 6( Ѐsendingoutcensusforms,wouldyoufavororopposetheCensusBureaugetting "r) Ѐeveryone'sname,address,age,sex,race[andmaritalstatus]fromtherecordsof ^* Ѐothergovernmentagencies? /%J+   / I?z ," ,@1995,@I1995 j`3z -" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3z ." 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3z /" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 KA3z 0" @@2000 @@ K 6,!!J1" 6% '!J2" '% '!J3" '% '!J4" '% * !J5" *Favor XN!z#6 333333F@44.4333333F@X44.4 j`3z#7" 333333F@44.4 333333F@ ffffffH@48.8ffffffH@j48.8 j`3z#8" ffffffH@48.8 ffffffH@ LE@42.6LE@j42.6 j`3z#9" LE@42.6 LE@ E@43.2E@j43.2 H>3z#:" E@43.2 E@ HOppose I?$J ; K@55.6K@I55.6 j`3$J <" K@55.6 K@ I@51.2I@j51.2 j`3$J =" I@51.2 I@ 33333L@57.433333L@j57.4 j`3$J >" 33333L@57.4 33333L@ ffffffL@56.8ffffffL@j56.8 ?53$J ?" ffffffL@56.8 ffffffL@ ?N(weighted) H>z&!@ ~@493~@H493 h^2z&!A" ~@493 ~@ |@449|@h449 h^2z&!B" |@449 |@ @757@h757 h^2z&!C" @757 @ P@938P@h938B86z&!D" P@938  P@ B  ӀSource:Question15b. '#D #XabXXXz(#   r Thosewhoremainedopposedtoarecordsonlycensusevenifitweremoreaccurateand *T%F costlesswereaskedaboutthereasonfortheiroppositioninanopenendedquestion.In1996,the *@&G firsttimethisquestionwasasked,onlyabout16percentofthesamplecontinuedtoopposea +,'H recordsonlycensusundertheseconditions.In1999,some23percentofthesampleremained  opposed.Themostfrequentreasonsgivenin1999foropposingtheuseofrecordstoenumerate  thepopulationincludedconcernsaboutprivacy/confidentiality(about22percentofthosewho  wereopposed);abeliefthatsuchacensuswouldnotbeaccurate(about17percentofthose t opposed);andabeliefthattheinformationwouldbesharedorsold(about11percentofthose ` opposed).Aboutthreepercentsaidthatgivingtheinformationshouldbevoluntary(whichis L  countertothelawgoverningthedecennialcensus).In2000,thepercentageremainingopposedto 8  arecordsonlycensuswas24percent,andthenumbercitingprivacy/confidentialityconcernshad $ t increasedto29percentofthoseopposed(thoughthepercentageworriedthattheinformation  ` wouldbesharedorsoldwhichisalsoaprivacy/confidentialityconcernhaddroppedtosix  L  percent,sothedifferencebetweenyearsmaybeduetocodingratherthantoactualopinion  8  change).Thosecitinglackofaccuracyasareasonfortheiroppositionremainedfairlyconstant,at $  19percent.Thepercentageopposedtoarecordsonlycensusbecauseofabeliefthatproviding   informationshouldbevoluntaryhaddoubledin2000,tosixpercent,since1999.  #  6      ׀      2.3.3AttitudestowardRecordSharingasaMeansofCollectingLongFormInformation 4   r Aboutonesixthofthepopulationreceivesalongerquestionnaire(thesocalledlongform) l duringthedecennialcensus,whichasksquestionsaboutsuchthingsasjobsandincomeinaddition X tothebasicquestionsneededtoenumeratethepopulation.Duringthe2000census,thelongform D becametheobjectofbriefbutintensenegativepublicity.T  #  7      ׀Whetherasaresultofthisnegative 0 publicityorforotherreasons,preliminaryreportsindicatedthatdifferencesinresponserates  betweenthelongandtheshortformincreasedfromfivepercentin1990to11percentin2000  (StevenA.Holmes, DefyingForecasts,CensusResponseEndsDecliningTrend,NewYork  Times,September20,2000).   r Since1995,theSurveyofPrivacyAttitudeshasinquiredwhetherpeoplewouldbewilling  tohavegovernmentagenciessharedatawiththeCensusBureauinordertomakepossible  eliminationofthecensuslongform.Thiswouldreducerespondentburdenbut,liketheuseof  agencyrecordstocollectshortforminformation,itmayalsoraisepublicconcernsaboutprivacy.   Ї r Onlyaboutonefifthofthepopulationsaidtheywereawareoftheexistenceofthelong  formin1996,downsomewhatfrom1995,andthatfigurehaddeclinedtosome17percentin1999.  Butbythetimeofthe2000survey,whichwentintothefieldtheweekaftercensusformswere  deliveredtoeveryU.S.household,some59percentclaimedawarenessoftheexistenceofthelong t form(Table2.32).However,increasedawarenessdidnottranslateintoincreasedfavorablenessto ` havinggovernmentagenciessuchastheIRSsharedatawiththeCensusBureauinorderto L  eliminatetheneedforthelongform.Thepercentagefavoringdatasharingforthispurpose 8  declinedfrom52.2percentin1995to42.9percentin2000,atanaverageofabouttwopercentage $ t pointsperyear(Table2.33);andthosewhoopposesharingoflongforminformationfeelmuch  ` morestronglythanthosewhofavorit(Tables2.34and2.35).Attheindividuallevel,the  L  relationshipbetweenawarenessofthelongformandfavorablenesstohavinggovernmentagencies  8  sharedatawiththeCensusBureauinordertoeliminatethelongformwassignificantinonlyone $  ofthefouryears(1996),withthosemoreawaresignificantlymorefavorabletowardsharing.    Xz(XXXab  Ӏ .  Table2.32 L  AwarenessoftheLongForm:ByYear  j  *"UdFddd dd Fdd Fdd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (VV (  Didyouknowthatmosthouseholdsgottheshortformbutthatsomehouseholdsweresenta   Ѐlongform? -# - XN!&v ,@1995,@X1995 j`3&v" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3&v" 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3&v" <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 H>3&v" @@2000 @@ H ' '% '" '% '" '% '" '% * " *Yes XN!&v 333333<@28.2333333<@X28.2 j`3&v" 333333<@28.2 333333<@ 6@22.16@j22.1 j`3&v " 6@22.1 6@ 0@16.80@j16.8 j`3&v!" 0@16.8 0@ M@59.0M@j59.0 H>3&v"" M@59.0 M@ HNo I?# 33333Q@71.833333Q@I71.8 j`3$" 33333Q@71.8 33333Q@ yS@77.9yS@j77.9 j`3%" yS@77.9 yS@ T@83.2T@j83.2 j`3&" T@83.2 T@ D@41.0D@j41.0 ?53'" D@41.0 D@ ?N(weighted) I?&v(  @1416 @I1416 j`3&v)"  @1416  @ @1211@j1211 j`3&v*" @1211 @ @1664@j1664 j`3&v+" @1664 @ @1959@j1959C97&v," @1959  @ CSource:1995,Question17;19962000,Question18. t, #XabXXXz( # Xz(XXXab   +'7 ЇTable2.33  OpinionsTowardIRSSharingLongFormInformation  withtheCensusBureau:ByYear  < h*"Udddd dd dd dd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +  (( x( x (  WouldyoufavororopposetheIRSgivingtheCensusBureauinformationonthingslike   Ѐpeoplesjobsandincome,alongwiththeirnameandaddress? -#x  - XN! H  ,@1995,@X1995 j`3 H" ,@1995 ,@ 0@19960@j1996 j`3 H " 0@1996 0@ <@1999<@j1999 j`3 H " <@1999 <@ @@2000@@j2000 H>3 H " @@2000 @@ H 'x   '% 'x  " '% 'x " '% 'x " '% * x " *Favor XN!H  J@52.2J@X52.2 j`3H " J@52.2 J@ ffffffI@50.8ffffffI@j50.8 j`3H " ffffffI@50.8 ffffffI@ fffff&F@44.3fffff&F@j44.3 j`3H " fffff&F@44.3 fffff&F@ 33333sE@42.933333sE@j42.9 H>3H " 33333sE@42.9 33333sE@ HOppose I?x  fffffG@47.8fffffG@I47.8 j`3x " fffffG@47.8 fffffG@ H@49.2H@j49.2 j`3x " H@49.2 H@ K@55.7K@j55.7 j`3x " K@55.7 K@ ̌L@57.1̌L@j57.1 ?53x " ̌L@57.1 ̌L@ ?N(weighted) I?H  T@1365T@I1365 j`3H " T@1365 T@ h@1178h@j1178 j`3H " h@1178 h@ @1645@j1645 j`3H " @1645 @ @1924@j1924C97H " @1924  @ CSource:1995,Questions18and19;19962000,Questions19and20.#XabXXXz(I#  F Xz(XXXab  Table2.34 ! StrengthofFavoringtheIRSSharingLongFormInformation " withtheCensusBureau:ByYear  # XXz(!*"Udddd dd dd dd dd "(#(#,dd ,dd ,dd