Augmented model; Best linear unbiased; External; Internal; Optimal; Orthogonal projection
This paper considers benchmarking issues in the context of small area estimation. We find optimal estimators within the class of benchmarked linear estimators under either external or internal benchmark constraints. This extends existing results for both external and internal benchmarking, and also provides some links between the two. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions for self-benchmarking are found for an augmented model. Most results of this paper are found using ideas of orthogonal projection.
William R. Bell, Gauri S. Datta, and Malay Ghosh. (2012). Benchmarking Small Area Estimators. Center for Statistical Research & Methodology, Research and Methodology Directorate Research Report Series (Statistics #2012-12). U.S. Census Bureau. Available online at <http://www.census.gov/srd/papers/pdf/rrs2012-12.pdf>.
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