Research Reports and Studies

Research Report Series - Statistics (RRS)

To communicate and document certain results from work done primarily by staff of the Statistical Research Division, we offer a number of research reports on topics in statistics, computing, and survey methodology.

This series, the Research Report Series primarily includes papers which report results from the conduct of systematic, critical, intensive investigation directed toward the development of new or more comprehensive scientific knowledge of the subject studied. The series is subdivided into categories, including: Computing (RRC), Statistics (RRS), and Survey Methodology (RSM).

Note that the title of each paper serves as a link to the file. A link to the paper's abstract is also provided in most cases.

Please read our disclaimer.

Papers from the Research Report series can also be viewed by author and by year

To request a hardcopy of any of the papers listed below, write to Chad.Eric.Russell@census.gov. Please include your name, address, and the title of the paper in your request.

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2013

• On a Comparison of Tests of Homogeneity of Binomial Proportions , (about 169KB) by Martin Klein and Peter Linton (RRS2013/03)
  Abstract
• A Comparison of Statistical Disclosure Control Methods: Multiple Imputation Versus Noise Multiplication , (about 892KB) by Martin Klein, Thomas Mathew, and Bimal Sinha (RRS2013/02)
  Abstract
• Statistical Analysis of Noise Multiplied Data Using Multiple Imputation , (about 390KB) by Martin Klein and Bimal Sinha (RRS2013/01)
  Abstract

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2012

• The Multiple Testing Problem for Box-Pierce Statistics , (about 423KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Brian C. Monsell (RRS2012/15)
  Abstract
• Effects of Missing Data on Modeling Enumeration Status in the U.S. Census , (about 393KB) by Ryan Janicki and Eric V. Slud (RRS2012/14)
  Abstract
• Exploring Re-identification Risks in Public Domains , (about 527KB) by Aditi Ramachandran, Lisa Singh, Edward H. Porter, and Frank Nagle (RRS2012/13)
  Abstract
• Benchmarking Small Area Estimators , (about 273KB) by William R. Bell, Gauri S. Datta, and Malay Ghosh (RRS2012/12)
  Abstract
• Multi-Step Ahead Estimation of Time Series Models , (about 883KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Marc Wildi (RRS2012/11)
  Abstract
• Score Functions for Selective Editing of the US Census Bureau Trade Data , (about 133KB) by Maria Garcia and Emily Bartha (RRS2012/10)
  Abstract
• Model Estimation, Prediction, and Signal Extraction for Nonstationary Stock and Flow Time Series Observed at Mixed Frequencies , (about 606KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Brian C. Monsell (RRS2012/09)
  Abstract
• Optimal Signal Extraction with Correlated Components , (about 859KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Agustin Maravall (RRS2012/08)
  Abstract
• Calibrated Bayes, an Alternative Inferential Paradigm for Official Statistics , (about 213KB) by Roderick J. A. Little (RRS2012/07)
  Abstract
• Uncorrelatedness and Other Correlation Options for Differenced Seasonal Decomposition Components of ARIMA Model Decompositions , (about 213KB) by David F. Findley (RRS2012/06)
  Abstract
• The Timing and Magnitude Relationships Between Month-to-Month Changes and Year-to-Year Changes That Make Comparing Them Difficult , (about 243KB) by Benoit Quenneville and David F. Findley (RRS2012/05)
  Abstract
• An Empirical Study on Using Previous American Community Survey Data Versus Census 2000 Data in SAIPE Models for Poverty Estimates , (about 331KB) by Elizabeth T. Huang and William R. Bell (RRS2012/04)
  Abstract
• Interpretation and Use of American Community Survey Multiyear Estimates Determinations , (about 273KB) by Michael Beaghen, Tucker S. McElroy, Lynn Weidman, Mark Asiala, and Alfredo Navarro (RRS2012/03)
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• Statistical Modeling Methodology for the Voting Rights Act Section 203 Language Assistance Determinations , (about 273KB) by Patrick M. Joyce, Donald J. Malec, Roderick J. A. Little, and Aaron Gilary (RRS2012/02)
  Abstract
• Exploratory Analysis of the Differences in American Community Survey Respondent Characteristics Between the Mandatory and Voluntary Response Methods , (about 772KB) by Michael M. Ikeda, Julie Tsay, and Lynn Weidman (RRS2012/01)
  Abstract

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2011

• On the Computation of Autocovariances for Generalized Gegenbauer Processes , (about 460KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Scott H. Holan (RRS2011/06)
  Abstract
• Developing Guidelines Based on CVs for when Three-Year Estimates Can Be Used Instead of Five-Year Estimates in the American Community Survey for Areas with Populations of 65,000 or More , (about 48KB) by Michael M. Ikeda (RRS2011/05)
  Abstract
• Recursive Partitioning for Racial Classification Cells , (about 522KB) by Aaron Gilary (RRS2011/04)
  Abstract
• A partition model for analyzing categorical data subject to non-ignorable non-response , (about 308KB) by Ryan Janicki and Donald J. Malec (RRS2011/03)
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• Using Small Area Modeling to Improve Design-Based Estimates of Variance for County Level Poverty Rate Estimates in the American Community Survey , (about 332KB) by Jerry J. Maples (RRS2011/02)
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• A Random Effect Approach to Protection Against Model Error in Logistic Models of Census Coverage , (about 373KB) by Donald J. Malec, Julie Tsay, and Elizabeth T. Huang (RRS2011/01)
  Abstract

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2010

• Imputation Procedures for American Community Survey Group Quarters Small Area Estimation , (about 349KB) by Chandra Erdman and Chaitra H. Nagaraja (RRS2010/09)
  Abstract
• Unit Root Properties of Seasonal Adjustment and Related Filters , (about 323KB) by William R. Bell (RRS2010/08)
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• Analyses for Partnerships Based on the Census Barriers, Attitudes, and Motivators Survey , (about 425.3KB) by Mary H. Mulry and Timothy P. Olson (RRS2010/07)
  Abstract
• Signal Extraction Revision Variances as a Goodness-of-Fit Measure , (about 305.3KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Marc Wildi (RRS2010/06)
  Abstract
• Statistical Properties of Multiplicative Noise Masking for Confidentiality Protection , (about 188.6KB) by Tapan K. Nayak, Bimal Sinha, and Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2010/05)
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• Balancing Disclosure Risk with Data Quality , (about 76.9KB) by Asoka Ramanayake and Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2010/04)
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• Simultaneous Calibration and Nonresponse Adjustment , (about 234.9KB) by Eric V. Slud and Yves Thibaudeau (RRS2010/03)
  Abstract
• General Discrete-data Modeling Methods for Producing Synthetic Data with Reduced Re-identification Risk that Preserve Analytic Properties , (about 56.4KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2010/02)
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• Selection Between Models Through Multi-Step-Ahead Forecasting , (about 312.6KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and David F. Findley (RRS2010/01)
  Abstract

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2009

• Disclosure Avoidance for Census 2010 and American Community Survey Five-year Tabular Data Products , (about 53.7KB) by Laura Voshell Zayatz, Jason Lucero, Paul B. Massell, and Asoka Ramanayake (RRS2009/10)
  Abstract
• Recent Work on the Microdata Analysis System at the Census Bureau , (about 128.9KB) by Jason Lucero, Lisa Singh, and Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2009/09)
  Abstract
• Sample Allocation and Stratification , (about 95.7KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2009/08)
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• Comparison of X-12-ARIMA Trading Day and Holiday Regressors With Country Specific Regressors , (about 581.7KB) by Christopher G. Roberts, Scott H. Holan, and Brian C. Monsell (RRS2009/07)
  Abstract
• Detecting Stock Calendar Effects in U.S. Census Bureau Inventory Series , (about 4.02MB) by Natalya Titova and Brian C. Monsell (RRS2009/06)
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• Determining a Set of Edits , (about 88.2KB) by William E. Winkler and Maria M. Garcia (RRS2009/05)
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• Stock Series Holiday Regressors Generated By Flow Series Holiday Regressors , (about 181.9KB) by David F. Findley (RRS2009/04)
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• Population Estimation Using Tract Level Geography and Spatial Information , (about 614.3KB) by Patrick M. Joyce and Donald J. Malec (RRS2009/03)
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• Tail Exponent Estimation via Broadband Log Density-Quantile Regression , (about 337KB) by Scott H. Holan and Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2009/02)
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• Bayesian Benchmarking with Applications to Small Area Estimation , (about 126KB) by Gauri Sankar Datta, Malay Ghosh, Rebecca Steorts, and Jerry J. Maples (RRS2009/01)
  Abstract

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2008

• Variance Estimation for Nearest Neighbor Imputation for U.S. Census Long Form Data , (about 205KB) by Jae Kwang Kim, Wayne A. Fuller, and William R. Bell (RRS2008/13)
  Abstract
• A Modified Model-based Seasonal Adjustment that Reduces Spectral Troughs and Negative Seasonal Correlation , (about 270KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2008/12)
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• Seasonal Heteroskedasticity in Time Series Data: Modeling, Estimation, and Testing , (about 290KB) by Thomas M. Trimbur and William R. Bell (RRS2008/11)
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• Calculating Coefficient of Variation for the Minimum Change School District Poverty Estimates and the Assessment of the Impact of Nongeocoded Tax Returns , (about 101KB) by Jerry J. Maples (RRS2008/10)
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• Research to Model Field of Degree Information for College Graduates, Using the 2003 NSCG File with Linked Census 2000 Long-Form Data , (about 371KB) by Elizabeth T. Huang, Donald J. Malec, and Lynn Weidman (RRS2008/09)
  Abstract
• General Methods and Algorithms for Modeling and Imputing Discrete Data Under a Variety of Constraints , (about 128KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2008/08)
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• Exploration of the Use of Empirical Bayes Procedures for Estimating Changes in Occupancy Rate and Persons per Household , (about 1.16MB) by Lynn Weidman , Robert H. Creecy, Donald J. Malec, and Julie Tsay (RRS2008/07)
  Abstract
• Rotation Designs and Composite Estimation in Sample Surveys: Part 1. Motivating Their Use , (about 193KB) by Patrick Cantwell (RRS2008/06)
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• (Paper withdrawn, revised, and reissued as RRS2010/06) by Tucker S. McElroy and Marc Wildi (RRS2008/05)
• A Review of Some Modern Approaches to the Problem of Trend Extraction , (about 312KB) by Theodore Alexandrov, Silvia Bianconcini, Estela Bee Dagum, Peter Maass, and Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2008/03)
  Abstract
• On the Discretization of Continuous-Time Filters for Nonstationary Stock and Flow Time Series , (about 312KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Thomas M. Trimbur (RRS2008/04)
  Abstract
• Additional Results from a Nationwide Matching of Census 2000 Data , (about 185KB) by Michael M. Ikeda and Edward H. Porter (RRS2008/02)
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• A Nonlinear Algorithm for Seasonal Adjustment in Multiplicative Component Decompositions , (about 237KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2008/01)
  Abstract

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2007

• Initial Results from a Nationwide Bigmatch Matching of 2000 Census Data , (about 193KB) by Michael M. Ikeda and Edward H. Porter (RRS2007/22)
  Abstract
• Examples of Easy-to-Implement, Widely-Used Methods of Masking for which Analytic Properties are not Justified , (about 135KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2007/21)
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• Selective Editing Strategies for the U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Data , (about 142KB) by Maria M. Garcia, Alison Gajcowski, and Andrew S. Jennings (RRS2007/20)
  Abstract
• Analytically Valid Discrete Microdata Files and Re-identification , (about 109KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2007/19)
  Abstract
• An Empirical Study on Using CPS and ACS Survey Data in Bivariate State Poverty Models , (about 381KB) by Elizabeth T. Huang and William R. Bell (RRS2007/18)
  Abstract
• New Implementations of Noise for Tabular Magnitude Data, Synthetic Tabular Data, Frequency and Microdata, and a Remote Analysis System , (about 123KB) by Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2007/17)
  Abstract
• Goodness-of-fit and Badness-of-fit Diagnostic Tests for Time Series Models , (about 371KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Scott H. Holan (RRS2007/16)
  Abstract
• A Nonparametric Method for Asymmetrically Extending Signal Extraction Filters , (about 495KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2007/15)
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• New ARIMA Models for Seasonal Time Series and their Application to Seasonal Adjustment and Forecasting , (about 813KB) by John A. D. Aston, David F. Findley, Tucker S. McElroy, Kellie C. Wills, and Donald E. K. Martin (RRS2007/14)
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• A Bayesian Approach to Estimating the Long Memory Parameter , (about 327KB) by Scott H. Holan, Tucker S. McElroy, and Sounak Chakraborty (RRS2007/13)
  Abstract
• Several Approaches to Estimating Low-valued Exports from the U.S. , (about 140KB) by Patrick Cantwell (RRS2007/12)
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• Small Area Estimation of School District Child Population and Poverty: Studying Use of IRS Income Tax Data , (about 373KB) by Jerry J. Maples and William R. Bell (RRS2007/11)
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• Initial Results from a Nationwide BigMatch Matching of 2000 Census data by Michael M. Ikeda and Edward H. Porter (RRS2007/06)
• A Mean Squared Error Criterion for Comparing X-12-ARIMA and Model-based Seasonal Adjustment Filters , (about 459KB) by Yea-Jane Chu, George C. Tiao, and William R. Bell (RRS2007/10)
  Abstract
• Tract-level, Residence-Rule Independent, Coverage-error Adjustment of the American Community Survey (ACS) using an Administrative Records Match , (about 290KB) by Elizabeth T. Huang, Donald J. Malec, Jerry J. Maples, and Lynn Weidman (RRS2007/09)
  Abstract
• Coherent Trends, Turning Points, and Forecasts for ACS Data , (about 255KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2007/08)
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• Imputation for Disclosure Avoidance , (about 88KB) by Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2007/07)
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• Automatically Estimating Record Linkage False Match Rates , (about 409KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2007/05)
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• Conparison of Alternatives for Controlling Group Quarters Person Estimates in the American Community Survey , (about 2.31MB) by Lynn Weidman, Julie Tsay, and Michael M. Ikeda (RRS2007/04)
  Abstract
• Release Notes for Version 0.3 of X-12-ARIMA , (about 648KB) by Brian C. Monsell (RRS2007/03)
  Abstract
• Tail Index Estimation for Parametric Families using Log Moments , (about 228KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2007/02)
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• Semiparametric Tail Index Estimation: A Density Quantile Approach , (about 270KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Scott H. Holan (RRS2007/01)
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2006

• Continuous Time Extraction of a Nonstationary Signal with Illustrations in Continuous Low-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering , (about 354KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Thomas M. Trimbur (RRS2006/13)
  Abstract
• A Spectral Approach for Locally Assessing Time Series Model Misspecification , (about 494KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Scott H. Holan (RRS2006/12)
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• The Error in Business Cycle Estimates Obtained from Seasonally Adjusted Data , (about 291KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2006/11)
  Abstract
• Modeling Stock Trading Day Effects Under Flow Day-of-Week Constraints , (about 130KB) by David F. Findley (RRS2006/10)
  Abstract
• Exact Formulas for the Hodrick-Prescott Filter , (about 191KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2006/09)
  Abstract
• On Joint Fourier-Laplace Transforms , (about 129KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Patrick Fitzsimmons (RRS2006/08)
  Abstract
• Data Quality: Automated Edit/Imputation and Record Linkage , (about 106KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2006/07)
  Abstract
• Statistical Properties of Model-Based Signal Extraction Diagnostic Tests , (about 307KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2006/06)
  Abstract
• Finite Sample Revision Variances for ARIMA Model-Based Signal Extraction , (about 215KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Richard E. Gagnon (RRS2006/05)
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• Using Uncertainty Intervals to Analyze Confidentiality Rules for Magnitude dDta in Tables , (about 147KB) by Paul B. Massell (RRS2006/04)
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• Summary of Accuracy and Coverage Evaluation for Census 2000 , (about 162KB) by Mary H. Mulry (RRS2006/03)
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• Overview of Record Linkage and Current Research Directions , (about 476KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2006/02)
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• Modeling and Quality of Masked Microdata , (about 95KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2006/01)
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2005

• A Nonparametric Test for Assessing Spectral Peaks , (about 665KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Scott H. Holan (RRS2005/10)
  Abstract
• Re-Identification Methods for Evaluating the Confidentiality of Analytically Valid Microdata , (about 148KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2005/09)
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• Investigation of Alternative Estimators for the Quarterly Financial Report , (about 1.42MB) by Carol Caldwell, Irene Evans, Andromache Howe, Michael M. Ikeda, Donald Luery, Terry Pennington, Mark Sands, Richard S. Sigman, and Katherine J. Thompson (RRS2005/08)
  Abstract
• IDFINDER: Data Visualization for Checking Re-Identifiability in Microdata , (about 584KB) by Hyunmo Kang, Sam Hawala, and Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2005/07)
  Abstract
• Disclosure Avoidance Practices and Research at the U.S. Census Bureau: An Update , (about 129KB) by Laura Voshell Zayatz (RRS2005/06)
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• Evaluating String Comparator Performance for Record Linkage , (about 427KB) by William E. Yancey (RRS2005/05)
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• Matrix Formulas for Nonstationary Signal Extraction , (about 171KB) by Tucker S. McElroy (RRS2005/04)
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• Weighting Alternatives to Compensate for Longitudinal Nonresponse in the Survey of Income and Program Participation , (about 339KB) by Leroy Bailey (RRS2005/03)
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• Approximate String Comparator Search Strategies for Very Large Administrative Lists , (about 102KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2005/02)
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• Imputation, Apportionment, and Statistical Methods in the U.S. Census: Issues Surrounding Utah vs. Evans , (about 134KB) by Patrick Cantwell, Howard Hogan, and Kathleen M. Styles (RRS2005/01)
  Abstract

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2004

• Masking and Re-Identification Methods for Public-Use Microdata: Overview and Research Problems , (about 146KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2004/06)
  Abstract
• An Iterated Parametric Approach to Nonstationary Signal Extraction (Revised: 3/3/2005) , (about 325KB) by Tucker S. McElroy and Andrew Sutcliffe (RRS2004/05)
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• Tabular Statistical Disclosure Control: Optimization Techniques in Suppression and Controlled Tabular Adjustment , (about 752KB) by Jose H. Dula, James T. Fagan, and Paul B. Massell (RRS2004/04)
  Abstract
• Re-Identification Methods for Masked Microdata , (about 126KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2004/03)
  Abstract
• An Adaptive String Comparator for Record Linkage , (about 223KB) by William E. Yancey (RRS2004/02)
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• Improving EM Algorithm Estimates for Record Linkage Parameters , (about 361KB) by William E. Yancey (RRS2004/01)
  Abstract

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2003

• (Paper withdrawn, revised, and reissued as RRS2005/01) by Patrick Cantwell, Howard Hogan, and Kathleen M. Styles (RRS2003/05)
• Small Area Estimation from the American Community Survey Using a Hierarchical Logistic Model of Persons and Housing Units , (about 256KB) by Donald J. Malec (RRS2003/08)
  Abstract
• A Contingency-Table Model for Imputing Data Satisfying Analytic Constraints , (about 136KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2003/07)
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• Properties of Forecast Errors and Estimates of Misspecified Regarima and Intermediate Memory and the Optimality of GLS for One-Step-Ahead Forecasting , (about 480KB) by David F. Findley (RRS2003/06)
  Abstract
• Error Localization and Implied Edit Generation for Ratio and Balancing Edits , (about 201KB) by Maria M. Garcia (RRS2003/04)
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• Transparent File Construction for the State of New Jersey in Census 2000 , (about 198KB) by Michael M. Ikeda and Julie Tsay (RRS2003/03)
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• Frequency Domain Analyses of Seats and X11/12 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Filters for Short and Moderate Length Time Series , (about 1.27MB) by David F. Findley and Donald E. K. Martin (RRS2003/02)
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• Multiplicative Noise for Masking Continuous Data , (about 178KB) by Jay J. Kim and William E. Winkler (RRS2003/01)
  Abstract

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2002

• Maximizing Retention of Primary Sampling Units in a Two Primary Sampling Unit per Stratum Design , (about 103KB) by Jay J. Kim, Danielle Corteville, and Patrick Flanagan (RRS2002/10)
  Abstract
• Using Simulated Annealing for K-Anonymity , (about 46KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2002/07)
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• Bayesian Networks Representations, Generalized Imputation, and Synthetic Microdata Satisfying Analytic Constraints , (about 182KB) by Yves Thibaudeau and William E. Winkler (RRS2002/09)
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• Single Ranking Micro-Aggregation and Re-Identification , (about 44KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2002/08)
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• Developing SAS Software for Generating a Complete Set of Ratio Edits , (about 575KB) by Maria M. Garcia and Roger Goodwin (RRS2002/06)
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• Methods for Record Linkage and Bayesian Networks , (about 843KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2002/05)
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• Computation of Asymmetric Signal Extraction Filters and Mean Squared Error for ARIMA Component Models , (about 300KB) by William R. Bell and Donald E. K. Martin (RRS2002/04)
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• Working Papers for Mixture Model Additive Noise for Microdata Masking , (about 327KB) by William E. Yancey (RRS2002/03)
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• Extending the Fellegi-Holt Model of Statistical Data Editing , (about 96KB) by William E. Winkler and Bor-Chung Chen (RRS2002/02)
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• Disclosure Risk Assessment in Perturbative Microdata Protection , (about 187KB) by William E. Yancey, William E. Winkler, and Robert H. Creecy (RRS2002/01)
  Abstract

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2001

• Multi-Way Survey Stratification and Sampling , (about 69KB) by William E. Winkler (RRS2001/01)
  Abstract

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