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Same-Sex Couples Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

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Working Paper
Age Differences Among Coresidential Partners
This poster uses the 2021 1yr ACS data to examine age gaps of coresidential partners.


Working Paper
Implementation of the Revised Relationship to Householder Item
This paper evaluates the results of the implementation of the updated relationship to householder item.


Working Paper
Updates to Collection and Editing of Household Relationship Measures
The paper details the new data collection and processing of household data in the Current Population Survey


Working Paper
Changes to Household Data in CPS
This presentation details new changes to household data in CPS, specifically the noted improvement in measuring same-sex families and greater family diversity.


Working Paper
Feasibility of Asking About SOGI in the CPS: Executive Summary
Cognitive testing and focus group results on the feasibility of adding sexual orientation and gender identity questions to the Current Population Survey.


Working Paper
Gender Identity in the CPS: Focus Groups with Transgender Population
Results from focus groups with transgender respondents to explore the feasibility of asking about gender identity in the CPS.


Working Paper
Asking About SOGI in the CPS: Cognitive Interview Results
Results of cognitive interviews on asking about sexual orientation and gender identity in the CPS with LGBT and non-LGBT respondents.


Working Paper
Changes to the Household Relationship Data in the CPS
This presentation covers four changes we’ve made to the household relationship data in the CPS over the last decade.


Working Paper
Same-Sex Married Couple Poverty Rates in the CPS
Evaluate the impact of treating same-sex married couples as one family unit in the measurement of official poverty rates.


Working Paper
Improving Measurement of Same-Sex Couple Households in Census Surveys
This paper presents results from recent testing of the revised relationship question.


Working Paper
Measuring the Presence and Impact of Same-Sex Married Couples
Research on how estimates of poverty are impacted by treating same-sex married couples as separate or combined families.


Working Paper
Measuring Same-Sex Couples, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity
This presentation gives an overview of the basics of measuring household relationships.


Working Paper
Improving Measurement of Same-Sex Couple Households in Census Surveys
Presentation to AAPOR, May 2016 with updates about recent test results for improving measurement of same-sex couple households.


Working Paper
Improving Measurement of Same-Sex Couples
In this paper, we review four research projects aimed at further enhancing the measurement of same-sex couples.


Working Paper
Measuring Same-Sex Couples: Misreporting on Relationship and Sex
This paper investigates inconsistency in reports of couples’ relationship status versus sex in an experiment conducted during the 2013 American Housing Survey.


Working Paper
Using Names to Improve Measurement of Same-Sex Married Couples in ACS
This poster estimates error in the ACS estimates of same-sex married couples using a names index.


Working Paper
Matching Survey Data to Admin Records: Same-Sex Married Couples
Since they are a relatively small population among all households, same-sex couple households are difficult to estimate accurately.


Working Paper
Testing Alternative Relationship and Marital Status Questions 2013 ACS
Quantitatively tested revised relationship and marital status questions developed through focus groups and cognitive testing.


Working Paper
Same-Sex Couples’ Consistency in Reports of Marital Status
Limited research has examined how same-sex couples report their marital status.


Working Paper
New Relationship and Marital Status Questions
In Aug. 2009, the Secretary of Comm. directed the OMB to establish a task force to research issues related to the collection & tabulation of relationship data.


Working Paper
Classifying Relationship and Marital Status among Same-Sex Couples
For purposes of official statistics, relationship to the householder is often used to build and define household units.


Working Paper
Same-Sex Couple Household Statistics from the 2010 Census
This paper will address the statistical aspects of the collection and presentation of data on same-sex couple households from the 2010 Census.


Working Paper
Demographics of Same-Sex Couple Households with Children
This paper specifically examines the socio-demographic characteristics of same-sex couple households with children, using the 2009 ACS internal data files.


Working Paper
Comparison of Estimates of Same-Sex Households from the ACS and CPS
There has been a growing demand for estimates of same-sex couples. Much of the academic and federal research has focused on the American Community Survey (ACS).


Working Paper
New Estimates of Same-Sex Couple Households from the ACS
The paper explores the reasons for the sharp decline in the number of same-sex spouses reported in the American Community Survey (ACS) between 2007 and 2008.


Working Paper
Counting Same-Sex Couples: Official Estimates and Unofficial Guesses
Census programs have assigned the person reported as the spouse of the householder in a same-sex couple household as the unmarried partner of the householder.


Working Paper
Editing Unmarried Couples in Census Bureau Data
This Editing Unmarried Couples in Census Bureau Data working paper is on Families and Living Arrangements.


Working Paper
Interracial Unmarried Households vs Interracial Married Households
This Interracial Unmarried-Partner Households working paper is on Families and Living Arrangements.


Working Paper
Edit Effects of Marital Status on Same Gender Couples
Assesses current Census Bureau edit procedures for marital status and household relationship among same gender couples.

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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