This report presents estimates on income, earnings, and inequality in the United States for calendar year 2022, based on information collected in the 2023 and earlier Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements (CPS ASEC) conducted by the Census Bureau.

The income estimates in the main sections of this report are based on the concept of money income, which is pretax and does not account for the value of in-kind transfers. Appendix A provides a detailed explanation of how income is measured using the CPS ASEC. Estimates of post-tax income and inequality are included in Appendix B.

Download Income in the United States: 2022 [2.9 MB]

Highlights

Real median household income was $74,580 in 2022, a 2.3 percent decline from the 2021 estimate of $76,330 (Figure 1 and Table A-1).
Householders under the age of 65 experienced a decline in median household income of 1.4 percent from 2021, while householders aged 65 and over did not experience a significant change in median income between 2021 and 2022 (Figure 1).
The money income Gini index decreased by 1.2 percent between 2021 and 2022 (from 0.494 to 0.488); this represents the first time the Gini index has shown an annual decrease since 2007 (Figure 3 and Table A-3).
Between 2021 and 2022, the number of full-time, year-round workers increased by 3.4 percent, compared to a 1.7 percent increase in the number of total workers. This suggests a continuing shift from working part-time or part-year to full-time, year-round work.
In 2022, 65.6 percent of working women worked full-time, year-round. This is the largest share on record.
The real median earnings of all workers (including part-time and full-time workers) decreased 2.2 percent between 2021 and 2022. Median earnings of those who worked full-time, year-round decreased 1.3 percent (Figure 4 and Table A-6).

Tables

Figures

Income:

Figure 1. Median Household Income and Percent Change by Selected Characteristics [<1.0 MB]

Figure 2. Real Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2022 [<1.0 MB]

Figure C-1. Historical Median Income Using Alternative Price Indexes: 1967 to 2022 [<1.0 MB]

Figure C-2. Real Annual Income Growth Using Alternative Price Indexes: 2017 to 2022 [<1.0 MB]

Income Inequality:

Figure 3. Income Distribution Measures and Percent Change Using Money Income and Equivalence-Adjusted Income [<1.0 MB]

Earnings:

Figure 4. Median Earnings and Percent Change by Work Status and Sex [<1.0 MB]

Figure 5. Total and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 15 Years and Older With Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2022 [<1.0 MB]

Figure 6. Female-to-Male Earnings Ratio and Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers 15 Years and Older by Sex: 1960 to 2022 [<1.0 MB]

For More Information

To adjust for changes in the cost of living over time, historical income and earnings estimates in this report are expressed in real or 2022 dollars. This year, the Census Bureau started using the Chained Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U), produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to inflation adjust income estimates from 2000 onward. The Census Bureau continues to use the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers Retroactive Series (R-CPI-U-RS), also produced by the BLS, to adjust income estimates before 2000. The annual index values are available in Appendix A. For more in-depth discussion of the effects of using different inflation indices on household income estimates, refer to Appendix C.

For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/techdocs/cpsmar23.pdf [PDF - <1.0 MB].

The Census Bureau reviewed this data product for unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and approved the disclosure avoidance practices applied to this release: CBDRB-FY23-0437. To further protect respondent privacy, all estimates in this report have undergone additional rounding. As a result, this year's estimates may differ from previous publications and details may not sum to totals.