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Multidimensional Deprivation Index (MDI)

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Multidimensional Deprivation Index (MDI)

The MDI is a research measure created from a series of working papers. It will be updated on an annual basis, but it is not an official Census Bureau product.

Table

xls State MDI Rates 2010 to 2019, 2021 [< 1.0 MB]
xls County MDI rates 2010 to 2019 [< 1.0 MB]

Publication

Publication
Multidimensional Deprivation in the United States: 2017
May 21, 2019
This report uses the American Community Survey to create a Multidimensional Deprivation Index.

Working Papers

Working Paper
A Revision and Update of the Multidimensional Hardship Index
February 2024
Multidimensional Hardship Index rates for the months April 2020 through March 2023.
Working Paper
Producing County-level MDI Rates Using Public Use Data: 2010 to 2019
August 2022
This paper explains how new estimates are used to explore how county MDI rates differed throughout the country and changed from 2010 through 2019.
Working Paper
Heart Disease Death Rates and Trends by County-Level Deprivation
August 18, 2021
This study examines geographic patterns of heart disease death rates and recent changes in death rates for adults aged 35-64 years by level of deprivation.
Working Paper
Multidimensional Hardship in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic
August 17, 2021
This paper uses data from the Household Pulse Survey to estimate a multidimensional hardship index during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Working Paper
The Value Added of a Multidimensional Deprivation Index
July 13, 2021
The value of a multidimensional deprivation index over and above income poverty measures is explored.
Working Paper
The Census Multidimensional Deprivation Index: Revised and Updated
January 19, 2021
This is a revised Multidimensional Deprivation Index for the years 2010 through 2019.
Working Paper
Neighborhood Quality Measures
July 01, 2020
An evaluation of neighborhood quality measures for the Multidimensional Deprivation Index.
Working Paper
A Multidimensional Poverty Measure using the American Community Survey
December 06, 2017
This paper uses the American Community Survey to create a multidimensional measure of poverty.
Page Last Revised - February 21, 2024
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