Texas
United States
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 31,709,821 341,784,857
People
Population
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 31,709,821 341,784,857
Population estimates, July 1, 2024, (V2024) 31,290,831 340,110,988
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2025) 29,149,498 331,516,113
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2024) 29,149,458 331,515,736
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2025, (V2025) 8.8% 3.1%
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2024, (V2024) 7.3% 2.6%
Population, Census, April 1, 2020 29,145,505 331,449,281
Population, Census, April 1, 2010 25,145,561 308,745,538
Age and Sex
Persons under 5 years, percent 6.3% 5.5%
Persons under 18 years, percent 24.5% 21.5%
Persons 65 years and over, percent 13.9% 18.0%
Female persons, percent 50.1% 50.5%
Race and Hispanic Origin
White alone, percent 76.2% 74.8%
Black alone, percent(a) 13.7% 13.7%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent(a) 1.1% 1.4%
Asian alone, percent(a) 6.4% 6.7%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent(a) 0.2% 0.3%
Two or More Races, percent 2.4% 3.1%
Hispanic or Latino, percent(b) 40.3% 20.0%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent 38.7% 57.5%
Population Characteristics
Veterans, 2020-2024 1,402,357 16,185,883
Foreign-born persons, percent, 2020-2024 17.6% 14.1%
Housing
Housing Units, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 12,848,245 148,260,882
Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2020-2024 62.6% 65.2%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2020-2024 $283,800 $332,700
Median selected monthly owner costs - with a mortgage, 2020-2024 $2,106 $1,963
Median selected monthly owner costs - without a mortage, 2020-2024 $678 $638
Median gross rent, 2020-2024 $1,403 $1,413
Building Permits, 2025 210,217 1,431,616
Families & Living Arrangements
Households, 2020-2024 10,992,816 129,227,496
Persons per household, 2020-2024 2.69 2.53
Living in the same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+ , 2020-2024 86.0% 87.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2020-2024 35.1% 22.3%
Computer and Internet Use
Households with a computer, percent, 2020-2024 96.3% 95.5%
Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2020-2024 91.4% 91.0%
Education
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 86.0% 89.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 33.8% 35.7%
Health
With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2020-2024 8.7% 9.3%
Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent 19.2% 9.6%
Economy
In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 64.7% 63.0%
In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 59.1% 58.8%
Total accommodation and food services sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 101,333,127 1,196,315,575
Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 253,192,012 3,330,304,719
Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 141,813,905 1,316,303,546
Total retail sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 608,178,719 6,974,691,329
Total retail sales per capita, 2022(c) $20,252 $20,928
Transportation
Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2020-2024 26.7 26.4
Income & Poverty
Median households income (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $78,476 $80,734
Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $40,752 $44,673
Persons in poverty, percent 13.4% 10.6%
Businesses
Businesses
Total employer establishments, 2023 670,878 8,361,342
Total employment, 2023 12,012,629 139,831,742
Total annual payroll, 2023 ($1,000) 805,008,752 9,556,351,319
Total employment, percent change, 2022-2023 4.4% 3.0%
Total nonemployer establishments, 2023 3,092,631 30,427,808
All employer firms, Reference year 2023 470,732 5,934,950
Male-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 280,606 3,638,693
Female-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 107,124 1,356,990
Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 162,470 1,400,775
Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 277,912 4,202,325
Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 22,721 261,330
Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 419,054 5,343,976
Geography
Geography
Population per square mile, 2020 111.6 93.8
Population per square mile, 2010 96.3 87.4
Land area in square miles, 2020 261,267.85 3,533,038.28
Land area in square miles, 2010 261,231.71 3,531,905.43
FIPS Code 48 1