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When comparing ACS estimates with other ACS estimates, there are several points to consider:
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Compare. Differences between the 2024 ACS and the 2020 Census may be the result of demographic changes, processing, or methodological differences in the population estimates used as ACS controls. For more information, see the ACS Race User Note: Improvements to the Race Question.
Use caution. Differences between 2024 ACS and the 2010 Census may be the result of demographic changes, and/or differences in question wording (the ACS question on race was revised in 2020 to make it consistent with the 2020 Census race question), processing, coding updates, or methodological differences in the population estimates used as controls. For more information, see the ACS Race User Note: Improvements to the Race Question.
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Compare. Differences between the 2024 ACS and the 2020 Census may be the result of demographic changes, processing, or methodological differences in the population estimates used as ACS controls. For more information, see the ACS Hispanic Origin User Note: Improvements to the Hispanic origin question.
Use caution. Differences between 2024 ACS and the 2010 Census may be the result of demographic changes, and/or differences in question wording (the ACS question on Hispanic origin was revised in 2020 to make it consistent with the 2020 Census Hispanic origin question), processing, coding updates, or methodological differences in the population estimates used as controls. For more information, see the ACS Hispanic Origin User Note: Improvements to the Hispanic origin question.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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Use caution. Both the ACS and the 2020 Census used a joint age, sex, and relationship edit. However, the ACS edit also incorporated marital status information into the editing process, while the 2020 Census did not. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons.
Use caution. The ACS used a joint age, sex, and relationship edit and the 2010 Census did not. The ACS also has a category for foster children which is not in the 2010 Census. Additionally, the ACS includes separate answer categories for opposite-sex and same-sex spouses and unmarried partners and does not include a roomer or boarder category. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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Use caution. Both the ACS and the 2020 Census used a joint age, sex, and relationship edit. However, the ACS edit also incorporated marital status information into the editing process, while the 2020 Census did not. These edits are used to determine categories of family and household types. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons.
Use caution. The ACS used a joint age, sex, and relationship edit and the 2010 Census did not. The ACS also has a category for foster children, which is not in the 2010 Census. Additionally, the ACS includes separate answer categories for opposite-sex and same-sex spouses and unmarried partners and does not include a roomer or boarder category. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
Use caution. As ACS data are collected every month of the year, reference months in a calendar year overlap with the reference months in the preceding calendar year. Hence, comparing the 2024 ACS 1-year with the 2023 ACS 1-year estimates is not an exact comparison of the economic conditions in 2024 with those in 2023. For a discussion of this and related issues, see Hogan, Howard, "Measuring Population Change Using the American Community Survey," Applied Demography in the 21st Century, Steven H. Murdock and David A. Swanson eds., Springer Netherlands, 2008. For specific questions and answers about sources of poverty data, see Questions and Answers about Sources of Poverty Data.
The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
Use caution. As ACS data are collected every month of the year, reference months in a calendar year overlap with the reference months in the preceding calendar year. Hence, comparing the 2024 ACS 1-year with the 2023 ACS 1-year estimates is not an exact comparison of the economic conditions in 2024 with those in 2023. For a discussion of this and related issues, see Hogan, Howard, "Measuring Population Change Using the American Community Survey," Applied Demography in the 21st Century, Steven H. Murdock and David A. Swanson eds., Springer Netherlands, 2008. For specific questions and answers about sources of poverty data, see Questions and Answers about Sources of Poverty Data.
The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
Use caution. As ACS data are collected every month of the year, adjacent years will have some reference months in common. Hence, comparing the 2024 ACS 1-year with the 2023 ACS 1-year estimates is not an exact comparison of the economic conditions in 2024 with those in 2023. For a discussion of this and related issues, see Hogan, Howard, “Measuring Population Change Using the American Community Survey,” Applied Demography in the 21st Century, Steven H. Murdock and David A. Swanson eds., Springer Netherlands, 2008. The Census Bureau recommends using R-CPI-U-RS adjustment factors published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to adjust 2023 median, mean, and per capita income dollar amounts to 2024 dollars by multiplying the 2023 dollar amounts by the R-CPI-U-RS factor of 1.02937903.
The questions were not asked in the 2020 Census.
The questions were not asked in the 2010 Census.
Use caution. As ACS data are collected every month of the year, adjacent years will have some reference months in common. Hence, comparing the 2024 ACS 1-year with the 2023 ACS 1-year estimates is not an exact comparison of the economic conditions in 2024 with those in 2023. For a discussion of this and related issues, see Hogan, Howard, "Measuring Population Change Using the American Community Survey," Applied Demography in the 21st Century, Steven H. Murdock and David A. Swanson eds., Springer Netherlands, 2008. The Census Bureau recommends using R-CPI-U-RS adjustment factors published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to adjust 2023 median, mean, and per capita income dollar amounts to 2024 dollars by multiplying the 2023 dollar amounts by the R-CPI-U-RS factor of 1.02937903.
The questions were not asked in the 2020 Census.
The questions were not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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Use caution. The question was not asked in the 2020 Census; however, mortgage status can be obtained from the tenure question (owned with a mortgage or loan, including home equity loans; or owned free and clear, without a mortgage or loan).
Use caution. The question was not asked in the 2010 Census; however, mortgage status can be obtained from the tenure question (owned with a mortgage or loan, including home equity loans; or owned free and clear, without a mortgage or loan).
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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Do Not Compare. Because the ACS and the Decennial Census differ in their design and data collection methods, users should note that estimates of vacancy rates may also differ. For more information on vacancy rates between the ACS and Census, Comparing 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates of Occupancy Status, Vacancy Status, and Household Size with the 2010 Census - Preliminary Results.
Do Not Compare. Because the ACS and the Decennial Census differ in their design and data collection methods, users should note that estimates of vacancy rates may also differ. For more information on vacancy rates between the ACS and Census Comparing 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates of Occupancy Status, Vacancy Status, and Household Size with the 2010 Census - Preliminary Results.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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Use caution. The total group quarters (GQ) population in the ACS may not be comparable with the 2020 Census because there are some 2020 Census GQ types that were out of scope in the ACS such as maritime/merchant vessels, soup kitchens, regularly scheduled mobile food vans, and shelters for victims of natural disasters. The exclusion of these GQ types from the ACS may result in a small bias in some ACS estimates to the extent that the excluded population is different from the included population.
Use caution. The total group quarters (GQ) population in the ACS may not be comparable with the 2010 Census. The ACS does not include all the GQ types that are found in the decennial census such as maritime/merchant vessels, soup kitchens, regularly scheduled mobile food vans, and shelters for victims of natural disasters. The exclusion of these GQ types from the ACS may result in a small bias in some ACS estimates to the extent that the excluded population is different from the included population.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
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The question was not asked in the 2020 Census.
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census.
* Each subject area is listed with its 2-digit code identifier. This code corresponds to the second and third characters of the ACS table number. For example, Table B08303 - Travel Time to Work has the second and third digits of "08" which corresponds to the subject Journey to Work; Workers; and Commuting.
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