Merced city, California
San Jose city, California
San Francisco city, California
Sacramento city, California
California
United States
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 99,724 989,814 826,079 536,449 39,355,309 341,784,857
People
Population
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 99,724 989,814 826,079 536,449 39,355,309 341,784,857
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2025) 89,830 1,013,321 878,550 524,907 39,555,703 331,516,113
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2025, (V2025) 11.0% -2.3% -6.0% 2.2% -0.5% 3.1%
Population, Census, April 1, 2020 86,333 1,013,240 873,965 524,943 39,538,223 331,449,281
Population, Census, April 1, 2010 78,958 945,942 805,235 466,488 37,253,956 308,745,538
Age and Sex
Persons under 5 years, percent 7.7% 5.1% 4.1% 5.7% 5.2% 5.4%
Persons under 18 years, percent 29.9% 20.5% 13.7% 21.5% 20.8% 21.1%
Persons 65 years and over, percent 10.4% 14.5% 17.6% 14.2% 17.5% 18.9%
Female persons, percent 50.1% 49.1% 48.7% 50.7% 50.7% 50.9%
Race and Hispanic Origin
White alone, percent 28.9% 25.1% 39.1% 34.0% 64.6% 72.3%
Black alone, percent(a) 5.0% 2.9% 5.0% 12.5% 6.4% 13.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent(a) 0.8% 1.1% 0.7% 1.1% 4.3% 2.1%
Asian alone, percent(a) 9.6% 39.5% 35.2% 20.4% 17.5% 6.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent(a) 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 1.6% 0.6% 0.3%
Two or More Races, percent 16.0% 16.7% 11.9% 16.3% 6.6% 4.9%
Hispanic or Latino, percent(b) 60.1% 30.8% 16.2% 29.4% 41.2% 20.5%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent 21.1% 22.3% 36.8% 29.3% 32.5% 56.1%
Population Characteristics
Veterans, 2020-2024 2,476 20,660 18,046 18,381 1,305,453 16,185,883
Foreign-born persons, percent, 2020-2024 22.1% 42.0% 34.0% 22.3% 27.0% 14.1%
Housing
Housing Units, July 1, 2025, (V2025) X X X X 14,995,410 148,260,882
Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2020-2024 45.9% 55.8% 38.2% 51.7% 55.9% 65.2%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2020-2024 $372,600 $1,233,200 $1,394,500 $506,300 $734,700 $332,700
Median selected monthly owner costs - with a mortgage, 2020-2024 $1,895 $4,000+ $4,000+ $2,380 $2,946 $1,963
Median selected monthly owner costs - without a mortage, 2020-2024 $622 $1,098 $1,020 $697 $829 $638
Median gross rent, 2020-2024 $1,393 $2,669 $2,476 $1,779 $2,036 $1,413
Building Permits, 2025 X X X X 103,856 1,431,616
Families & Living Arrangements
Households, 2020-2024 27,950 328,550 363,970 200,321 13,548,091 129,227,496
Persons per household, 2020-2024 3.25 2.97 2.21 2.59 2.84 2.53
Living in the same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+ , 2020-2024 87.0% 88.2% 84.3% 87.3% 89.2% 87.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2020-2024 46.9% 58.9% 43.6% 36.4% 44.4% 22.3%
Computer and Internet Use
Households with a computer, percent, 2020-2024 95.9% 97.7% 96.6% 96.6% 96.9% 95.5%
Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2020-2024 94.1% 95.4% 93.0% 93.5% 93.5% 91.0%
Education
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 76.9% 85.4% 89.0% 86.7% 84.7% 89.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 20.2% 47.3% 60.3% 37.1% 37.1% 35.7%
Health
With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2020-2024 10.1% 5.6% 7.0% 9.0% 7.6% 9.3%
Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent 8.2% 5.4% 3.8% 6.1% 6.9% 9.6%
Economy
In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 61.3% 67.6% 69.6% 64.8% 63.3% 63.0%
In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 54.7% 61.5% 66.2% 60.4% 58.2% 58.8%
Total accommodation and food services sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 220,961 3,377,116 8,135,982 2,035,206 169,438,170 1,196,315,575
Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 883,473 7,237,932 19,957,626 11,824,625 420,638,311 3,330,304,719
Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 62,127 2,176,603 13,512,030 1,006,594 171,389,035 1,316,303,546
Total retail sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 1,553,494 22,077,409 29,527,659 7,833,052 809,607,418 6,974,691,329
Total retail sales per capita, 2022(c) $16,870 $22,711 $36,554 $14,912 $20,738 $20,928
Transportation
Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2020-2024 28.6 27.3 30.4 25.3 28.7 26.4
Income & Poverty
Median households income (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $63,122 $146,427 $140,970 $87,321 $99,122 $80,734
Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $27,343 $65,945 $92,289 $43,376 $49,513 $44,673
Persons in poverty, percent 23.9% 8.1% 11.2% 13.9% 11.8% 10.2%
Businesses
Businesses
Total employer establishments, 2023 X X X X 1,029,689 8,361,342
Total employment, 2023 X X X X 16,405,436 139,831,742
Total annual payroll, 2023 ($1,000) X X X X 1,429,217,482 9,556,351,319
Total employment, percent change, 2022-2023 X X X X 2.3% 3.0%
Total nonemployer establishments, 2023 X X X X 3,537,469 30,427,808
All employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 791,791 5,934,950
Male-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 473,859 3,638,693
Female-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 189,543 1,356,990
Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 310,935 1,400,775
Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 431,868 4,202,325
Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 24,856 261,330
Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X X X X 727,920 5,343,976
Geography
Geography
Population per square mile, 2020 3,712.6 5,684.1 18,629.1 5,323.4 253.7 93.8
Population per square mile, 2010 3,386.4 5,358.6 17,179.2 4,764.2 239.1 87.4
Land area in square miles, 2020 23.25 178.26 46.91 98.61 155,858.33 3,533,038.28
Land area in square miles, 2010 23.32 176.53 46.87 97.92 155,779.22 3,531,905.43
FIPS Code 0646898 0668000 0667000 0664000 06 1