Oakland city, California
Alameda County, California
California
United States
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 440,838 1,636,630 39,355,309 341,784,857
People
Population
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 440,838 1,636,630 39,355,309 341,784,857
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2025) 440,842 1,682,246 39,555,703 331,516,113
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2025, (V2025) 0.0% -2.7% -0.5% 3.1%
Population, Census, April 1, 2020 440,646 1,682,353 39,538,223 331,449,281
Population, Census, April 1, 2010 390,724 1,510,271 37,253,956 308,745,538
Age and Sex
Persons under 5 years, percent 5.5% 5.0% 5.2% 5.4%
Persons under 18 years, percent 18.9% 19.0% 20.8% 21.1%
Persons 65 years and over, percent 14.7% 17.0% 17.5% 18.9%
Female persons, percent 50.4% 50.9% 50.7% 50.9%
Race and Hispanic Origin
White alone, percent 29.6% 42.7% 64.6% 72.3%
Black alone, percent(a) 20.2% 9.8% 6.4% 13.5%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent(a) 1.5% 3.0% 4.3% 2.1%
Asian alone, percent(a) 15.8% 36.3% 17.5% 6.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent(a) 0.5% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3%
Two or More Races, percent 12.9% 7.3% 6.6% 4.9%
Hispanic or Latino, percent(b) 28.7% 23.8% 41.2% 20.5%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent 27.8% 25.9% 32.5% 56.1%
Population Characteristics
Veterans, 2020-2024 10,186 39,894 1,305,453 16,185,883
Foreign-born persons, percent, 2020-2024 27.5% 34.7% 27.0% 14.1%
Housing
Housing Units, July 1, 2025, (V2025) X 655,191 14,995,410 148,260,882
Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2020-2024 42.3% 54.4% 55.9% 65.2%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2020-2024 $929,900 $1,090,100 $734,700 $332,700
Median selected monthly owner costs - with a mortgage, 2020-2024 $3,684 $3,810 $2,946 $1,963
Median selected monthly owner costs - without a mortage, 2020-2024 $1,057 $1,000 $829 $638
Median gross rent, 2020-2024 $1,979 $2,357 $2,036 $1,413
Building Permits, 2025 X 2,778 103,856 1,431,616
Families & Living Arrangements
Households, 2020-2024 176,584 598,246 13,548,091 129,227,496
Persons per household, 2020-2024 2.45 2.70 2.84 2.53
Living in the same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+ , 2020-2024 87.3% 87.9% 89.2% 87.7%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2020-2024 40.3% 47.2% 44.4% 22.3%
Computer and Internet Use
Households with a computer, percent, 2020-2024 96.0% 97.4% 96.9% 95.5%
Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2020-2024 91.6% 94.4% 93.5% 91.0%
Education
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 84.8% 88.8% 84.7% 89.6%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 48.7% 52.2% 37.1% 35.7%
Health
With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2020-2024 8.6% 6.7% 7.6% 9.3%
Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent 6.5% 4.6% 6.9% 9.6%
Economy
In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 68.6% 66.7% 63.3% 63.0%
In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 64.6% 61.7% 58.2% 58.8%
Total accommodation and food services sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 1,534,728 5,935,138 169,438,170 1,196,315,575
Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 6,006,531 22,245,438 420,638,311 3,330,304,719
Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 5,250,325 8,666,569 171,389,035 1,316,303,546
Total retail sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 4,472,259 32,269,688 809,607,418 6,974,691,329
Total retail sales per capita, 2022(c) $10,291 $19,819 $20,738 $20,928
Transportation
Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2020-2024 29.8 31.0 28.7 26.4
Income & Poverty
Median households income (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $101,600 $129,367 $99,122 $80,734
Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $61,757 $65,862 $49,513 $44,673
Persons in poverty, percent 13.4% 8.8% 11.8% 10.6%
Businesses
Businesses
Total employer establishments, 2023 X 42,318 1,029,689 8,361,342
Total employment, 2023 X 749,124 16,405,436 139,831,742
Total annual payroll, 2023 ($1,000) X 75,849,017 1,429,217,482 9,556,351,319
Total employment, percent change, 2022-2023 X 3.9% 2.3% 3.0%
Total nonemployer establishments, 2023 X 140,901 3,537,469 30,427,808
All employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 33,847 791,791 5,934,950
Male-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 18,988 473,859 3,638,693
Female-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 8,182 189,543 1,356,990
Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 16,033 310,935 1,400,775
Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 14,216 431,868 4,202,325
Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X S 24,856 261,330
Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 X 30,272 727,920 5,343,976
Geography
Geography
Population per square mile, 2020 7,878.4 2,281.3 253.7 93.8
Population per square mile, 2010 7,004.0 2,043.6 239.1 87.4
Land area in square miles, 2020 55.93 737.46 155,858.33 3,533,038.28
Land area in square miles, 2010 55.79 739.02 155,779.22 3,531,905.43
FIPS Code 0653000 06001 06 1