Texas
Persons in poverty, percent 13.4%
People
Population
Population estimates, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 31,709,821
Population estimates, July 1, 2024, (V2024) 31,290,831
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2025) 29,149,498
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020, (V2024) 29,149,458
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2025, (V2025) 8.8%
Population, percent change - April 1, 2020 (estimates base) to July 1, 2024, (V2024) 7.3%
Population, Census, April 1, 2020 29,145,505
Population, Census, April 1, 2010 25,145,561
Age and Sex
Persons under 5 years, percent 6.3%
Persons under 18 years, percent 24.5%
Persons 65 years and over, percent 13.9%
Female persons, percent 50.1%
Race and Hispanic Origin
White alone, percent 76.2%
Black alone, percent(a) 13.7%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone, percent(a) 1.1%
Asian alone, percent(a) 6.4%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, percent(a) 0.2%
Two or More Races, percent 2.4%
Hispanic or Latino, percent(b) 40.3%
White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent 38.7%
Population Characteristics
Veterans, 2020-2024 1,402,357
Foreign-born persons, percent, 2020-2024 17.6%
Housing
Housing Units, July 1, 2025, (V2025) 12,848,245
Owner-occupied housing unit rate, 2020-2024 62.6%
Median value of owner-occupied housing units, 2020-2024 $283,800
Median selected monthly owner costs - with a mortgage, 2020-2024 $2,106
Median selected monthly owner costs - without a mortage, 2020-2024 $678
Median gross rent, 2020-2024 $1,403
Building Permits, 2025 210,217
Families & Living Arrangements
Households, 2020-2024 10,992,816
Persons per household, 2020-2024 2.69
Living in the same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+ , 2020-2024 86.0%
Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2020-2024 35.1%
Computer and Internet Use
Households with a computer, percent, 2020-2024 96.3%
Households with a broadband Internet subscription, percent, 2020-2024 91.4%
Education
High school graduate or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 86.0%
Bachelor's degree or higher, percent of persons age 25 years+, 2020-2024 33.8%
Health
With a disability, under age 65 years, percent, 2020-2024 8.7%
Persons without health insurance, under age 65 years, percent 19.2%
Economy
In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 64.7%
In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2020-2024 59.1%
Total accommodation and food services sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 101,333,127
Total health care and social assistance receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 253,192,012
Total transportation and warehousing receipts/revenue, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 141,813,905
Total retail sales, 2022 ($1,000)(c) 608,178,719
Total retail sales per capita, 2022(c) $20,252
Transportation
Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2020-2024 26.7
Income & Poverty
Median households income (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $78,476
Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2024 dollars), 2020-2024 $40,752
Persons in poverty, percent 13.4%
Businesses
Businesses
Total employer establishments, 2023 670,878
Total employment, 2023 12,012,629
Total annual payroll, 2023 ($1,000) 805,008,752
Total employment, percent change, 2022-2023 4.4%
Total nonemployer establishments, 2023 3,092,631
All employer firms, Reference year 2023 470,732
Male-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 280,606
Female-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 107,124
Minority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 162,470
Nonminority-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 277,912
Veteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 22,721
Nonveteran-owned employer firms, Reference year 2023 419,054
Geography
Geography
Population per square mile, 2020 111.6
Population per square mile, 2010 96.3
Land area in square miles, 2020 261,267.85
Land area in square miles, 2010 261,231.71
FIPS Code 48