Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census (June 1, 1880), embracing extended tables of the population of states, counties, and minor civil divisions, with distinction of race, sex, age, nativity, and occupations; together with summary tables, derived from other census reports, relating to newspapers and periodicals; public schools and illiteracy; the dependent, defective, and delinquent classes, etc.

Table III. Population of Civil Divisions less than counties, in the Aggregate,
at the censuses of 1880 and 1870

Alabama through Iowa (Buchanan County, first part) [8.2 MB]

Iowa (Buchanan County, remainder) through Minnesota [8.7 MB]

Mississippi through Oregon (Grant County) [8.7 MB]

Oregon (remainder) through Wyoming Territory [8.5 MB]

Population, by Race, Sex, and Nativity

Table VI. Population, by Race and by States and Territories: 1880, 1870, 1860 Table V. Population, by Race and by Counties: 1880, 1870, 1860 Table VI. Population, by Race, of Cities and Towns of 4,000 Inhabitants and Upward: 1880 and 1870 Table VII. Population, as Native and Foreign-born, by States and Territories: 1880, 1870, 1860 Table VIII. Population, as Native and Foreign-born, by Counties: 1880 and 1870 Table IX. Population, as Native and Foreign-born, of Cities and Towns of 4,000 Inhabitants and Upward: 1880 and 1870 [7.9 MB]

Remarks on the Statistics of the Nativities of the Population Table X. Native Population, Distributed According to State or Territory of Birth: 1880 Table XI. Native White Population, Distributed According to State or Territory of Birth: 1880 Table XII. Native Colored Population, Distributed According to State or Territory of Birth: 1880 Table XIII. Showing the Nativities of Foreign-born Population in each State and Territory: 1880 Table XIV. Native and Foreign-born Population, by Counties, Distributed, According to Place of Birth, Among Certain Specified States and Territories and Certain Foreign Countries: 1880 Table XV. Native Population of Fifty Principal Cities, Distributed According to States and Territories of Birth: 1880 Table XVI. Foreign-born Population of Fifty Principal Cities, Distributed, According to Place of Birth, Among the Various Foreign Countries: 1880 Table XVII. Sex of the Aggregate Population, with General Nativity: 1880 Table XVIII. Sex of the White Population, with General Nativity: 1880 Table XIX. Sex of the Colored, Chinese and Japanese, and Civilized Indian Population, with General Nativity: 1880 [9.4 MB]

Population, by Ages, Specified and Select

Table XX. Population, by Specified Age, Sex, Race, and General Nativity of the Whites: 1880 Table XXI. Population, by Specified Age, Sex, Race, and General Nativity of the Whites, by Staes and Territories: 1880 (Alabama through Nevada) [6.5 MB]

Table XXI. Population, by Specified Age, Sex, Race, and General Nativity of the Whites, by Staes and Territories: 1880 (New Hampshire through Wyoming Territory) Table XXII. Persons of School Age, the Natural Militia, and Males of Voting Age, with the Total Male Population, by States and Territories: 1880 Table XXIII. School, Military, and Voting Ages, with Sex for the School Age and for All Ages, by Counties: 1880 [8.0 MB]

Areas, Dwellings, and Families

Table XXIV. Areas, Dwellings, and Families: 1880 Table XXV. Dwellings, Families, and Population in 100 Principal Cities: 1880 [<1.0 MB]

Foreign Parentage

Remarks on Foreign Parentage Table XXVI. Parentage of the Total Number of Persons in the United States Having One or Both Parents Foreign-born; also, Number of Foreign-born Persons Having Both Parents Native Born, with Summaries for 35 States and Territories and the District of Columbia: 1880 Table XXVII. Parentage of Persons Residing in Certain Specified States and Territories Having One or Both Parents Foreign-born, with the Number of Persons Foreign-born having Native Parents: 1880 [1.5 MB]

Statistics of the Population of Alaska

Table XXVIII. Statistics of the Population of Alaska, by Race, Divisions, and Settlements: 1880 [<1.0 MB]

The Tables of Occupations

Remarks upon the tables of Occupations Table XXIX. The Number of Persons Engaged in each Class of Occupations, with Distinction of Sex, by States and Territories: 1880 Table XXX. The Number of Persons Engaged in each Class of Occupations, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity, by States and Territories: 1880 Table XXXI. The Number of Persons Engaged in Twenty Selected Occupations, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity, by States and Territories: 1880 Table XXXII. The Number of Persons Engaged in each Special Occupation, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity: 1880 Table XXXIII. The Number of Persons Engaged in each Special Occupation and Class of Occupations, by States and Territories: 1880 [9.2 MB]

Table XXXIV. The Number of Persons in each State and Territory Engaged in each Selected Occupation and Class of Occupations, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity: 1880 Table XXXV. Number of Persons in Fifty Principal Cities Engaged in each Class of Occupations, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity: 1880 Table XXXVI. Number of Persons in Fifty Principal Cities Engaged in each Selected Occupation, with Distinction of Age and Sex and of Nativity: 1880 [12.0 MB]

Miscellaneous Statistics

Newspapers and Periodicals; Public Schools; Illiteracy; Defective, Dependent, and Deliquent Classes

Table I. Statement Showing the Total Number of Newspapers and Periodicals Published During the Census Year, by Periods of Issue Table II. Statement Showing the Classification of Newspapers and Periodicals Published During the Census Year Table III. Statement Showing the Number and and Language of All Newspapers and Periodicals Published During the Census Year Table IV. Statement Showing the Total Number of Newspapers and Periodicals Devoted to Religion, by Denominations, Published During the Census Year Table V. Public Schools, Elementary and High, by States and Territories, Showing Whole Number, Number of Separate Schools for Colored Children, Number Reported as High Schools or Having High-school Departments, Number of School Buildings and Sittings, Value of School Property, Receipts and Expenditures: 1880 Table VI. Public Schools, Elementary and High, by States and Territories, Showing Number of Teachers Employed at One Time, by Color and Sex; Average Amount Paid Monthly for Teachers' Services, and Aggregate Months of Same, and Aggregate Months of Schools: 1880 Table VII. Number of Pupils Attending Public Schools, by Color, Sex, and Average Daily Attendance: 1880 Table VIII. Illiteracy, by States and Territories: 1880 Table IX. The Insane, Idiotic, Blind, and Deaf Mutes, by Sex, Nativity, and Race: 1880 Table X. Paupers, by Sex, Nativity, and Race: 1880 Table XI. Prisoners, by Sex, Nativity, and Race: 1880 [1.5 MB]

Index

Index [3.4 MB]

Illustrations

Density Map of 1790 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1800 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1810 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1820 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1830 [1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1840 [1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1850 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1860 [<1.0 MB]

Density Map of 1880 [1.4 MB]

Details of Location of Center of Population [<1.0 MB]

Center of Population [<1.0 MB]

Distribution of Sexes [1.3 MB]

Density of Colored Population, United States [1.5 MB]

Proportion of Colored Population to Aggregate, United States [1.6 MB]

Density of Foreign Population, United States [<1.0 MB]

Proportion of Foreign Population to Aggregate, United States [1.4 MB]

Hypsometric Map [<1.0 MB]

Mean Annual Temperature [2.0 MB]

Mean Temperature of July [2.0 MB]

Mean Temperature of January [1.9 MB]

Maximum Temperature [2.0 MB]

Minimum Temperature [1.9 MB]

Annual Rainfall [1.6 MB]

Spring and Summer Rainfall [1.2 MB]

Detailed Density Maps of Total Population:

1: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania [1.6 MB]

2: Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois [1.6 MB]

3: South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana [<1.0 MB]

4: Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa [1.8 MB]

5: Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Indian Territory [1.4 MB]

6: Texas [<1.0 MB]

7: Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana (part of) [1.0 MB]

8: Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona [<1.0 MB]

9: Nevada, California [1.0 MB]

10: Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Montana (part of) [<1.0 MB]

Detailed Density Maps of Colored Population:

1: Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois [2.0 MB]

2: South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana [1.5 MB]

3: Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Indian Territory [1.4 MB]

4: Texas [<1.0 MB]

Detailed Density Maps of Foreign Population:

NOTE: Missing Map 1: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

2: Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois [1.8 MB]

3: Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa [1.5 MB]

4: Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas, Indian Territory [1.5 MB]

Maps Showing, in Five Degrees of Density, the Residence in 1880 of the Natives of the Following
States (being all the states which have contributed over 1,000,000 persons to the
aggregate population of the United States as it was June 1, 1880):

Massachusetts [<1.0 MB]

Mississippi [<1.0 MB]

Missouri [<1.0 MB]

New York [1.1 MB]

North Carolina [1.0 MB]

Ohio [<1.0 MB]

Pennsylvania [<1.0 MB]

South Carolina [<1.0 MB]

Tennessee [<1.0 MB]

Virginia [<1.0 MB]

Maps Showing, in Six Degrees of Density, the Distribution in 1880 of the Natives of the Following
Foreign Countries:

England and Wales [1.0 MB]

Ireland [<1.0 MB]

British America [<1.0 MB]

German Empire [<1.0 MB]

Norway and Sweden [<1.0 MB]

Maps Showing, in Six Degrees of Density, the Proportion in 1880 Between the Aggregate Population
and the Natives of the Following Foreign Countries:

England and Wales [<1.0 MB]

Ireland [<1.0 MB]

British America [<1.0 MB]

German Empire [<1.0 MB]

Norway and Sweden [<1.0 MB]

Diagram Showing, by Proportional Circles, the White and Colored Population [<1.0 MB]

Diagram Showing, by Proportional Circles, the Male and Female Population [<1.0 MB]

Diagram Showing, by Proportional Circles, the Native and Foreign Population [<1.0 MB]

Download Full Report

Download All Sections [190.0 MB]

A Note on Language

Census statistics date back to 1790 and reflect the growth and change of the United States. Past census reports contain some terms that today’s readers may consider obsolete and inappropriate. As part of our goal to be open and transparent with the public, we are improving access to all Census Bureau original publications and statistics, which serve as a guide to the nation's history.

Related Information

Foreign-Born Publications

Decennial Census of Population and Housing Publications

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021

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1880 Census: Volume 1. Statistics of the Population of the United States