From the Guide to 2010 Census State and Local Geography — North Dakota, History:

The United States acquired most of the area of North Dakota from France in 1803 as part of the Louisiana Purchase. It obtained the area in the north and northeast part of the present-day state by a convention, signed with Great Britain in 1818 that extended the northern boundary along the 49th parallel. Dakota Territory was organized on March 2, 1861, from unorganized area formerly within Minnesota Territory and part of Nebraska Territory. Dakota Territory included all of the present-day states of North Dakota and South Dakota, most of Montana, the northern half of Wyoming, and a small part of Nebraska. The territory was reduced in 1863 with the organization of Idaho Territory, enlarged in 1864 with the addition of most of the remainder of present-day Wyoming, and again reduced with the organization of Wyoming Territory in 1868. In 1882, the state of Nebraska acquired an area north of the Keya Paha River and Niobrara River. North Dakota was admitted to the Union simultaneously with South Dakota on November 2, 1889, as the 39th and 40th states, with generally the same boundaries as the present states.

Data for the legally established state of North Dakota are available beginning with the 1890 census.

From QuickFacts: statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more.

Note: The dashboard shown above is cropped at the bottom. Click on the image to see the full dashboard. Click here to see the table view showing the United States; North Dakota; Fargo city; and Bismarck city (state capital).

Sources: 2018 Population and Housing Unit Estimates; 2013-2017 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates; 2010 Census. Community Facts — Find popular facts (population, income, etc.) and frequently requested data about your community.

Source: 2018 Population Estimates.

Source: 2018 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

From the Statistics in Schools program:

From Census Business Builder: Regional Analyst Edition - 2.6:

From the State Data Center (SDC) Program:

From Foreign Trade > U.S. International Trade Data:

Note: After you create an account, select options for State Export Data (Origin of Movement) or State Import Data (State of Destination) by HS or NAICS. Select State (North Dakota) and Measures, Commodity, Country and/or Time for data. For more information, see Quick Start Guide.

Sources: 2014 Population Estimates and 2014 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

Sources: 2009-2013 American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates, 2012 Survey of Business Owners and Self-Employed Persons (SBO) and other federal data.

Source: 2012 Economic Census. The Census Bureau will release 2017 Economic Census statistics from September 2019 through 2021.

From the Guide to 2010 Census State and Local Census Geography: