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Data Linkage Infrastructure Working Papers

Census Bureau data linkage activities support research and development to improve measures of the U.S. population and economy.  Data linkages allow us to use external data to lower costs, increase efficiency, reduce respondent burden and improve data quality.  Findings are released through reports and working papers.

Center for Administrative Records Research and Applications Working Papers
Reports on topics in demography, economics, statistics, and data linkage.

Center for Economic Studies Working Paper Series
This series features research in economics and other social sciences, by Census Bureau and FSRDC researchers, using restricted-use Census Bureau microdata.

 Associate Director for Economic Programs (ADEP) Working Paper Series
This working paper series showcases research papers written by Economic Directorate employees and Collaborators and vary by subject.


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Working Paper
Acreage Administrative Records Data Research for the American Community Survey
This report contains results of research that led to an innovative approach to using administrative records on the American Community Survey.


Working Paper
Full Report Comparing Administrative Record Rosters, Self-Response and NRFU Response
This paper compares administrative record rosters used for the 2020 Census to self-response rosters and NRFU household member responses.


Working Paper
SNAP Receipt in SIPP: Using Administrative Records to Evaluate Data Quality
This conference paper examines SNAP survey data quality using the 2014-2020 SIPP data linked to select state-level administrative records.


Working Paper
Digitizing Hand-Written Data with Automated Methods: A Pilot Project Using the 1990 U.S. Census
In this paper, we document the 1990 Census Name Recovery Pilot (NRP) project, which was used to identify the most accurate and cost-effective means to recover respondent names, focusing on the example of the 1990 census.


Working Paper
The Summary Earnings Record and Detailed Earnings Record Extracts
This paper describes the history and contents of the restricted-use Summary Earnings Record (SER) data and the Detailed Earnings Records (DER) data extracts that can be linked to the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).


Working Paper
Justice-involved Individuals in the Labor Market since the Great Recession
This paper examines how individuals convicted of a felony or released from prison have fared in the labor market since the Great Recession.


Working Paper
Evaluating Administrative Records as a Potential Sample Frame for the National Survey of College Graduates
This paper uses an extract of administrative records from the National Student Clearinghouse to examine the coverage of the NSCG sampling frame.


Working Paper
Evaluating Administrative Records to Inform Measurement Error Properties of National Survey of College Graduates Estimates: An Analysis of the NSCG-LEHD Earnings Ratio
This paper compares earnings responses on the NSCG to administrative earnings data from the LEHD.


Working Paper
Evaluating the Master Address File—Auxiliary Reference file (MAF-ARF) as a Potential Respondent Retention Source
This paper uses administrative records on residential histories to follow survey respondents to the NSCG over time.


Working Paper
Evaluating Administrative Records to Inform Measurement Error Properties of National Survey of College Graduates Estimates: Employment History and Firm Characteristics
This paper compares survey responses on employment and employer characteristics to administrative records from the LEHD.


Working Paper
Measuring All-Cause Mortality with the Census Numident File
This paper describes and assesses the quality of the population-level US mortality data in the Census Numident.


Working Paper
Measuring U.S. Fertility using Administrative Data
Census Bureau makes restricted-use administrative birth data available through the Census Numident for nearly all U.S. births for more than the last century.


Working Paper
Minimum Wages, Retirement Timing, and Labor Supply
We use linked survey-administrative data to study the impact of minimum wage increases on Social Security retirement benefit claiming behavior and labor supply


Working Paper
The Decennial Census Digitization and Linkage Project
This paper describes the DCDL, which is an initiative to produce linked restricted microdata files from the decennial censuses of 1960 through 1990.


Working Paper
The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty
This paper examines extreme poverty in the U.S. using household surveys linked to administrative records.


Working Paper
Response Consistency between the Detailed Race and Hispanic Origin Questions from the 2016 ACS Content Test and the Ancestry Question
Learn more about the difference between the ACS questions pertaining to race and ancestry or ethnic origin, and the potential changes for the 2020 ACS.


Working Paper
Great Migration's great return?


Working Paper
Neighborhood Attainment Outcomes for Children of the Great Migration


Working Paper
The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being


Working Paper
Use of Admin Records to Replace or Enhance Facilities & Fuel Type
Learn more about the potential for using administrative records to capture information about utilities and appliances on the ACS.


Working Paper
Use of Administrative Records to Replace or Enhance Questions about Housing Characteristics on the American Community Survey
Learn more about the potential for using administrative records to capture housing and property tax information on the ACS.


Working Paper
Linking the 1940 U.S. Census with modern data
Discusses development of core linkable data, focusing on the techniques used to create a linkable 1940 Census.


Working Paper
Housing Administrative Record Simulation
Learn more about how the Census Bureau tested using administrative records to simulate housing estimates in the American Community Survey.


Working Paper
Labor Market Concentration, Earnings Inequality, and Earnings Mobility
This paper documents trends in local industrial concentration from 1976 through 2015 and estimates the effects of that concentration on earnings outcomes.


Working Paper
Individual Changes in Identification with Hispanic Ethnic Origins...
This paper examines the extent to which individuals change between specific categories of Hispanic identification across two decennial censuses.


Working Paper
Using Linked Data to Investigate True Intergenerational Change....
This paper provides proof of concept for using linked data to follow three generations of immigrant parents, children and grandchildren across seven decades.


Working Paper
The Opportunities and Challenges of Linked IRS Administrative...
This paper assesses bias in and demonstrates the utility of linked IRS, SSA, ACS, and decennial census data for longitudinal study of contemporary migration.


Working Paper
Foreign-Born and Native-Born Migration in the U.S.: Evidence from...
This paper details migration among native-born and foreign-born populations in the United States using linked IRS, SSA, ACS, and decennial census records.


Working Paper
The Use of Administrative Records and the American Community Survey...
This paper uses linked administrative and survey data to explore the characteristics of children under age five likely to be undercounted in the 2010 Census.


Working Paper
Reporting of Indian Health Service Coverage in the ACS
Compares reporting of Indian Health Service coverage in the American Community Survey to Indian Health Service Patient Registration data


Working Paper
The Distributional Effects of Minimum Wages
This work uses linked administrative and survey data to explore how state minimum wages affect income inequality and the distribution of earnings growth.


Working Paper
Investigating the Use of Administrative Records in the CES
This paper compares responses to income questions on the Consumer Expenditure Survey with administrative tax records to study item and survey non-response bias.


Working Paper
Early-Stage Business Formation: An Analysis of Applications for EINs
This paper reports on the development and analysis of a newly constructed dataset on the early stages of business formation.


Working Paper
Tax Preparers, Refund Anticipation Products, and EITC Noncompliance
This work examines whether the availability of tax refund anticipation products is associated with higher non-compliance rates for the Earned Income Tax Credit.


Working Paper
Capturing more than poverty: Free & reduced-price lunches and income
This paper investigates whether free and reduced-price lunch designations capture students’ household income and educational disadvantage.


Working Paper
Second-Generation Outcomes of the Great Migration

Page Last Revised - November 20, 2021
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