On June 20, 1907, the President, through the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and under the authority conferred by section 8 of the organic act of the Department, directed the Director of the Census to take  census of the population of the territory of Oklahoma and Indian Territory, comprising the proposed new state of Oklahoma.

The schedule employed was the simplest possible, and related only to the relationship of each person to the head of the family, color or race, sex and age.

The results of the special census are presented in detail by counties, minor civil divisions, and congressional and legislative districts.