The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) asked the Census Bureau to add questions about proof of paternity to the Child Support Topical Module of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). The Center for Survey Methods Research (CSMR) was asked by Demographic Surveys Division (DSD) to conduct research on the proposed questions. The purpose of the data collection is to estimate the number of children who have paternity established but who are not covered by legal child support obligations by their father. The goal of the research was to revise the proposed proof of paternity questions and pretest the questions to determine if respondents would (I) be able to comprehend the questions; (2) have the knowledge to answer the questions and; (3) consider the questions too sensitive to answer or to continue with an interview.