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Public Sector Working Papers

U.S. Census Bureau "Working Papers" have not undergone the review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications. These working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics.

Working Paper
Coverage of Prisons and Detention Facilities in the 2020 Census
November 2024
Censuses of prisons and detention facilities from the Department of Justice were used to assess the coverage of those facilities in the 2020 Census.
Working Paper
Uses of Decennial Census Programs Data in Federal Funds Distribution
June 14, 2023
This working paper documents an updated estimate of the allocation of federal funds distributed in whole or in part using Decennial Census Programs data.
Working Paper
Justice-involved Individuals in the Labor Market since the Great Recession
September 2021
This paper examines how individuals convicted of a felony or released from prison have fared in the labor market since the Great Recession.
Working Paper
Testing of the 2017 School Crime Supplement
October 29, 2020
Testing of new and revised questions for the School Crime Supplement, focusing on bullying.
Working Paper
Final Report: Economic Census Synthetic Data Project Research Team
October 2020
This is the final report from the cross-directorate team.
Working Paper
Criminal Disqualifications in the Paycheck Protection Program
June 2020
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress created the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to support small businesses.
Working Paper
Cognitive Pretesting Of the 2018 Police-Public Contact Survey
September 30, 2019
Cognitive testing of the redesign of the 2018 Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS), a supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).
Working Paper
How Well Does the Current Population Survey Measure the Composition...
July 2018
This paper examines effectively the Current Population Survey (CPS) measures the composition of voting population.
Working Paper
Tax Preparers, Refund Anticipation Products, and EITC Noncompliance
December 19, 2017
This work examines whether the availability of tax refund anticipation products is associated with higher non-compliance rates for the Earned Income Tax Credit.
Working Paper
Uses of Census Bureau Data in Federal Funds Distribution
September 2017
This working paper documents an updated estimate of the federal funds distributed each year in whole or in part using U.S. Census Bureau data.
Working Paper
Do Older Americans Have More Income Than We Think?
July 25, 2017
This paper reassesses income and poverty statistics for the population aged 65 and over using the CPS ASEC linked to IRS and SSA administrative records.
Working Paper
Cognitive Pretesting of the National Crime Victimization Survey
February 23, 2017
At the request of the BJS, CSM conducted cognitive testing of the redesign of the 2016 NCVS SVS.
Working Paper
Retirement Income of Women Working Longer
September 2016
Despite women’s increased labor force attachment over the lifecycle, household surveys do not show increases in retirement income for women at older ages.
Working Paper
State & Local Government Finance Snapshot
July 2016
When forming a picture of the entire U.S. economy, you may think of the unemployment rate or industries, like retail and manufacturing.
Working Paper
National Crime Victimization Survey School Crime Supplement
September 17, 2014
The main purpose of this cognitive research was to test proposed changes in question wording to be consistent with the CDC definition of “bullying”.
Working Paper
An Examination of Retirement Income for the 65+ Population
May 2014
Every several years the SIPP is supplemented by a topical module which measures the retirement income and retirement plan coverage of the population.
Working Paper
Jails and Prisons
April 25, 2013
This report examines the factors that shape the ability of the U.S. Census Bureau to accurately count those confined to correctional facilities.
Working Paper
Prisons for Adults and Juvenile Correctional Facilities
March 07, 2013
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that shape the ability of the U.S. Census Bureau to accurately count individuals confined to prisons.
Working Paper
Report of Cognitive Testing on the 2013 American Housing Survey
December 11, 2012
Results of 6 cognitive interviews conducted on the Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Module Questionnaire in September 2012.
Working Paper
Final Report of Cognitive Testing of the 2012 Identity Theft Supp.
December 07, 2012
Results of 18 cognitive interviews conducted in September and October of 2011.
Working Paper
Voting Behavior of Naturalized Citizens: 1996-2010
November 29, 2012
Working Paper
Bridge Report for Quarterly Units
June 01, 2012
The Quarterly Summary of State and Local Tax Revenues is comprised of three components.
Working Paper
The Government Master Address File
April 15, 2012
In 2007, the Committee on National Statistics issued 21 recommendations on Government Statistics.
Working Paper
Progress on Addressing the Committee
March 15, 2012
In 2007, the Committee on National Statistics issued State and Local Government Statistics at a Crossroads.
Working Paper
Progress on Presenting Derived Statistics
March 15, 2012
The Committee on National Statistics recommended that Governments Division add value to their data.
Working Paper
QuIP Trips– What Are They And How Are They Helping Us
March 15, 2012
In preparation for the 2012 Census of Governments, (GOVS) instituted a Quality Improvement Program (QuIP) aimed to improve the quality of data products.
Working Paper
Small Area Estimation for Government Surveys
March 15, 2012
In the past three years, we developed decision-based estimation to estimate survey totals for the Annual Survey of Public Employment and Payroll.
Working Paper
The Implementation of Dashboards in Governments Division Surveys
March 15, 2012
Dashboards have gained popularity as a quick way to monitor metrics in manufacturing, business, healthcare, and even in election polling.
Working Paper
Using Paradata to Improve Questionnaire
March 15, 2012
Paradata are data about the process by which survey data are collected.
Working Paper
Visualizing Data from Government Census and Surveys
March 15, 2012
In 2007, the U.S. Census Bureau’s State and Local Government Statistics Program underwent an external evaluation by the Committee on National Statistics.
Working Paper
2007 Census of Government Finance
February 01, 2012
The cutoff sampling technique is sometimes used in establishment surveys in the U.S. Census Bureau.
Working Paper
Bridge Study of the Imputation Methods
February 01, 2012
Annual Survey of Employment and Payroll estimates the number of federal, state, and local government employees and their gross payrolls.
Working Paper
Bridge Study of the Imputation Methods
January 01, 2012
Annual Survey of Employment and Payroll estimates the number of federal, state, and local government employees and their gross payrolls.
Working Paper
Final Report of Cognitive Testing
August 09, 2011
Results of 29 cognitive interviews conducted in January and February, 2011.
Working Paper
Modernization of Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections
August 01, 2011
In 2008 total state tax collection accounted for 46.6 percent of the total state government revenue.
Working Paper
Application of Small Area Estimation for APES
June 01, 2011
The QRET provides a national summary of the revenues and expenditures of public employee retirement systems.
Page Last Revised - March 9, 2023