In summer 1993, there were 36 million mothers 15 to 44 years old living in the United States. About 2.4 million of them (7 percent) were participating in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). An additional 136,000 women in this program were expecting their first child. This Brief examines the fertility and socioeconomic characteristics of mothers in their childbearing years who participated in WIC. It also compares them to their counterparts who did not. These data were collected in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)  between June and September 1993.