This paper describes the results of a small-scale, exploratory research project investigating how survey respondents answer income questions in a demographic survey conducted by telephone. The Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) served as the vehicle for the research. The ACS, which is currently in the field testing stage, is being designed as a likely replacement for the decennial census long form II. METHODS questionnaire for the year 2010 census. It is scheduled to be in the field as a national survey starting in 1999. [For a more detailed description of the ACS and the Census Bureau’s “continuous measurement” program, see Alexander and Davis (1997).