This presentation from the Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March 29-31, 2001, discusses the usefulness of the American Community Survey (ACS) in analyzing data never before available with the Decennial Census of Population & Housing. Specifically, the presentation deetails ACS data on fertility and characteristics of mothers. Characteristics of mothers in four case studies - Harris County, TX, Frankilin County, OH, Broward County, FL, and San Francisco County, CA - are highlighted.