This paper provides a breakdown of the cumulative effect of social safety net programs on poverty rates for women and female-headed households in the United States between 2019 and 2023. We center analysis and discussion on the three-year period of the COVID-19 pandemic (plus one year before its onset) because the rapid and wide-ranging safety net changes of this period punctuate an otherwise stable period in safety net policy. We use data from the 2020-2024 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) to construct SPM rates; we then break down the measure into its constituent components to identify the relative and total contribution of social insurance, noncash benefits, and taxes and credits to poverty rates by sex, partnership status, and presence of children in the resource unit. Overall, we find that poverty rates for people living in female-headed resource units, particularly those with children, decrease when refundable tax credits (such as the refundable Child Tax Credit) are included in SPM resources. We also find that the more generous tax and tax credit provisions available in 2021 reduced the share of female-headed resource units with children in deep poverty; deep poverty among this group increased by approximately 5.5 percentage points between 2021 and 2023 when pandemic-era tax and tax credits expired.