The Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) is the official source for national estimates of income, poverty and health insurance coverage. To produce these estimates for the U.S. population, the 2025 CPS ASEC collected data from approximately 89,000 households across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. To make inferences from this sample, CPS ASEC applies weights controlled to March 2025 independent national population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Starting with the data for 2020, the population estimates have been based on a blended base population methodology, which incorporates 2020 Census population counts the Vintage 2020 population estimates, and results from the 2020 Demographic Analysis. These estimates are updated annually after accounting for births, deaths, and migration. Vintage 2024 population estimates incorporated methodological improvements to the estimation of net international migration.

As a result of implementing the Vintage 2024 population estimates, comparisons of the estimated change in number of people between 2023 and 2024 reflect both demographic change and updates to the methodology. To support such comparisons, the Census Bureau produced a limited set of statistics for 2023 using the Vintage 2024 population estimates.