To support the development of new questions on health insurance, income, and public assistance topics for the ASEC supplement of the Current Population Survey, one-on-one exploratory qualitative interviews were conducted in late 2023 and early 2024. The 50 interviews were split (i.e., 25 each) across two topic ASEC topic areas—health insurance and income. The purpose of the exploratory interviews was to learn more about how respondents think about these topics, identify possible issues that may hinder a respondent’s ability to respond to questions about these topics, and gather feedback that can be used to draft easily understandable questions that can be answered accurately. This report details the study methods, including the description of the target population and participant eligibility criteria, the strategies of participant recruitment and screening, and the interviewing procedures. Findings from exploratory interviews are also presented in detail, with recommendations offered where appropriate.