Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parental Leave Usage Among First-Time Parents

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Working Paper Number: SEHSD-WP2026-04 / SIPP-WP-322

This study examines parental leave patterns among first-time parents, particularly across race, ethnicity, and sex. Despite the documented benefits of parental leave, access to leave varies considerably by wage level and occupation. Utilizing data from the 2023 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), this research examines how leave usage—including paid, unpaid, and other leave types—differs across racial and ethnic groups, and how these patterns have evolved over time. Additionally, it explores variations in the age of the child when parents return to work post-birth. This study aims to fill gaps in understanding leave patterns for first-time parents of varying racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Page Last Revised - February 24, 2026