Business Formation Statistics Working Papers

Working papers describe in further detail the underlying data and methodology used in the construction of the Business Formation Statistics (BFS). Users of the BFS are strongly encouraged to refer to the working papers for technical details of the data construction and econometric analysis.

Working Paper

Business Applications as a Leading Economic Indicator?

May 2021

This paper explores the properties of three monthly business application series from the Census Bureau’s Business Formation Statistics as economic indicators.
Working Paper

Business Formation: A Tale of Two Recessions

January 2021

Business applications and employer business formation from applications display very different patterns during the Great Recession versus COVID-19 Recession.
Working Paper

Early-Stage Business Formation: An Analysis of Applications for EINs

February 01, 2018

This paper reports on the development and analysis of a newly constructed dataset on the early stages of business formation.

Page Last Revised - November 19, 2021

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