This brief provides 2023 and 2024 American Community Surveys (ACS) estimates of median household income and associated percent changes for the nation, states, and the 25 most populous metropolitan areas. Gini index estimates of income inequality are also presented at national and state-levels.

Estimates from the 2024 ACS show an increase in real median household income for 29 states and for 12 of the 25 most populous metropolitan areas.  The Gini index decreased nationally and in nine states and increased in one state between 2023 and 2024.

The ACS provides detailed estimates of demographic, social, economic, and housing characteristics for states, counties, places, and other localities every year. For more information on the ACS sample design and other topics, visit <www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs >.