A Special Census is a basic enumeration of population, housing units, group quarters, and transitory locations conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau at the request of a governmental unit. When local officials believe there has been a significant population change in their community due to growth or annexation, a Special Census may be in order. The assumption is that incorporating special census results would improve the population estimates for cities and towns. The goal is to include special census results for as many localities as possible. However, the Population Estimates Program maintains a set of requirements that Special Censuses must meet in order to be eligible for inclusion in the estimates. The purpose of these requirements is to stay true to the methodology we use to produce subcounty Population Estimates, and to treat all areas fairly.

The Census Bureau may include Special Census results in the Population Estimates Program if the Special Census is of an entire governmental unit whose legal boundaries are identical to those used by the Population Estimates Program. The incorporation of the Special Census results into the population estimates allows the Census Bureau surveys that rely on the estimates as statistical controls, such as the American Community Survey, to also reflect the Special Census results. A complete list of Special Census results incorporated into the Population Estimates is summarized below.

 For more information on Special Census areas, visit the Special Census Program's webpage.